XII Biology – (Botany) Questions

Short Questions:
Chromosomes and DNA:
1- Briefly discuss the models of DNA replication.
2- Write down the postulates of Chromosomal theory of heredity
3- List the chemical composition of chromosomes and categorize types of chromosomes
based on the location of the centromere.
4- What are leading and lagging strand of DNA?
5- Give the name of enzymes involved in replication of DNA along with their brief function.
6- Define mutation. How does ionization radiation damage the DNA?
7- Write a note on Down’s syndrome or Klinefelter’s syndrome

Inheritance:
1- Why O negative blood group person consider as universal donor?
2- State the law of purity of gametes and illustrate it using a monohybrid cross.
3- Why Rh-incompatibility could be danger to the developing fetus and mother?
4- Differentiate between co-dominance and incomplete dominance
5- Write a brief note on sex determination in human.
6- What do you mean by Dichromacy and monochromacy?

Evolution:
1- Define Speciation? Name different types of Speciation.
2- Differentiate between
a. Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism
b. Bottle-neck effect and founder’s effect
3- How the sympatric speciation differs from parapatric speciation?
4- Write down the factors affecting Hardy and Weinberg theorem
5- Why endosymbiotic theory seems more powerful in dealing with the evolution of
eukaryotes?

Man and His environment:

1- How does the energy flow between trophic level?
2- Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources
3- what are the major producers in a terrestrial ecosystem?
4- Make an outline of water cycle.
5- Write a short note on
a. Global warming
 b. Ozone depletion
c. Acid rain

Biotechnology:
1- Why AmpR and LacZ genes are used in the construction of rDNA?
2- Write a note on
a. Tissue culture
b. Cystic fibrosis
c. Human genomic project
3- What do you mean by RFLPs?
4- Why restriction enzymes are called molecular scissors?
5- What do you mean by palindrome?

Biology and Human welfare:

1- What is the role of livestock?
2- What do you mean by integrated disease and its management?
3- Enumerate the roles of microbes in human welfare.
4- Write a note on
a. Polio vaccination
b. Hepatitis vaccination
c. Animal husbandry