Republic of the Philippines

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

S.Y. 2023-2024
Mechanical Engineering Laboratory 3
MEEN 30382

EXPERIMENT NO. 2
Performance Test of Centrifugal Pump

Submitted by:
Group 2 Members:
Colonel, Charles Andrei
Dayoc, Augustine Carlos
Royo, Sean Gavin
Tubo, Vince Arthur
Tulagan, Ghian Miguel

Submitted to:
Engr. Luisito Tolentino
 EXPERIMENT NO. 2
Performance Test of Centrifugal Pump
OBJECTIVE:
1.) To familiarize ourselves with basic characteristics and operation of a Centrifugal
Pump
2.) To determine the dynamic head, water power, brake power, output capacity as
well as the pump efficiency at different speed
3.) To be able plot a performance curve of a centrifugal pump

FORMULA:
• Determination of Pump Capacity

The capacity is determined by computing the volume of water collected in the

discharged tank.
𝑉𝐻20 = 𝐴 × 𝐻
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘
𝐻 = ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
• Determination of Total Dynamic Head
𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝐻4 = 𝐻5
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐻𝑑 = 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝑃𝑑 𝑉𝑑2
= + + 𝑍𝑑
𝛿 2𝑔

𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐻𝑆 = 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑

𝑃𝑠 𝑉𝑠2
= + + 𝑍𝑠
𝛿 2𝑔
From inside diameter to the pipe, velocity of water computed.
𝑄
𝑉=
𝐴
• Determination of Water Power, Brake Power and Power Input
𝑊𝑃 = 𝑄 × 𝛿 × 𝑇𝐷𝐻 × 𝑆. 𝐺.

𝑃𝐼 = √3𝐸𝐼 cos 𝜃
𝐵𝑃 = 𝜂𝑚 × 𝑃𝐼
• Determination of Pump and Overall Efficiency
𝑊𝑃
𝜂𝑝 = × 100%
𝐵𝑃
𝑊𝑃
𝜂0 = × 100%
𝑃𝐼
LIST OF APPARATUS:
• Centrifugal Pump • Tachometer
• Pressure Gauge • Steel tape
• Variable Speed Motor • Stop Watch
• Amp robe • Steel Tank

PROCEDURE:
1. Fill up the suction tank with water from the main supply and measure the height
of water level
2. With the discharge quick release valve closed and the suction quick release
valve open, start the pump
3. Throttle the valve to attain the desired pressure and set the variable motor at low
speed.
4. Mark the initial level of water of the discharge tank
5. For trail 1, start the performance by simultaneously opening the discharged quick
release valve and closing the suction quick release valve.
6. Duration of trial is one (1) minute
7. Before the end of the duration, measure the electric current leading to the motor
using the amprobe and the speed of the pump using the tachometer
8. After the trial, close discharge quick release valve and open the suction quick
release valve
9. Switch of the monitor
10. Mark the final level of water in the discharged tank and measure the weight of
water discharged using the water tank calibration
11. For the succeeding trials, vary the discharge pressure and the speed of the
motor as indicated in the data sheet and repeat and the above procedure
12. Compute all the necessary requirements needed to complete the data sheet.
SET-UP OF APPARATUS:
QUESTION AND ANSWER:
1. What is the principle behind the centrifugal pump?
Centrifugal pumps work on the fundamental idea of force vortex flow. This
indicates that an external torque acting on a liquid body raises the pressure head
of the rotating liquid. The liquid's velocity and this pressure rise are intimately
correlated. The liquid discharges at high pressure at the impeller outlet as a
result of the higher pressure rise there. In a centrifugal pump system, the
displaced liquid is raised to great heights due to its high-pressure head.
2. Enumerate the different classification pump.
• Dynamic Pumps
➢ Centrifugal Pump
➢ Vertical Centrifugal
➢ Horizontal Centrifugal
➢ Submersible
➢ Fire Hydrant
• Positive Displacement Pump
➢ Diaphragm
➢ Gear
➢ Peristaltic
➢ Lobe
➢ Piston
3. What are the advantages of the Centrifugal Pump?
The fluid gains energy from the centrifugal force produced by the impellers
of centrifugal pumps. With little energy waste, effective fluid transfer is made
possible by this hydraulic design. Centrifugal pumps use less energy than other
types of pumps because of their great efficiency. As a result, there are large
energy savings, which lower operating expenses and have a positive
environmental impact.
4. What is a specific Speed?
Specific Speed (sometimes called Pump Specific Speed) is a
dimensionless rating for centrifugal pump performance. Although it is not actually
a speed, it depends on shaft speed and is also a function of the flow rate and
differential head at the pump’s Best Efficiency Point. Specific Speed is an
important factor in the design and selection of pumps and especially pump
impellers.
𝜂 × 𝑄 0.5
𝑁𝑆 = 0.75
𝐻𝐵𝐸𝑃
𝑁𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝜂 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑟 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟
𝑄 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒, 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑦𝑒
𝐻 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝐵𝐸𝑃
 5. What is a volute centrifugal pump?
Though the volute is not intended to be a diffuser, it makes sense that
such a concept has been embraced given that it resembles a diffuser in its
growing flow area as it loops around the impeller. Its purpose is to minimize
mixing losses by maintaining a constant velocity around the impeller when the
pump is running at its best efficiency point, or BEP. In order to fulfill that purpose,
the impeller's area must expand to accommodate the extra flow that exits the
device in a 360-degree circle around its outside diameter (OD). Since the
pressure surrounding the impeller is constant, there is no hydraulic radial thrust
applied to it.

CONCLUSION:
Typically, pump performance curves are used to identify or forecast changes in
process parameters, such as flow, differential head, efficiency, and power consumption.
A pump's performance curve is a plot of several operational parameters. Pump
performance curves are available from original equipment manufacturers (OEM) for
download and design. The pump's identical performance curve is shown below.

1. Differential Head
This point is shown on the plot curve's Y axis. Differential head is merely
the difference between the pump's suction and discharge sides, whereas head is
the measurement of the liquid's pressure, velocity, or height above the datum, or
reference point, from which all measurements are made.
2. Flow or Capacity
It is the mass or volumetric flow rate that the pump's source or suction
side can provide. flow rate expressed in units of m3/h. The differential head is
inversely proportional to the flow rate through the pump. Flow rate is plotted on
the curve's X-axis.
3. Pump Efficiency
The metric that directly depends on the flow region in which the pump is
functioning is known as the pump efficiency (i.e. flow at which pump offers the
efficiency throughout the pumping operation). Pump efficiency is always stated
as a percentage and is represented by the symbol (n).
4. NPSHR:
The phrase "Net Positive Suction Head Required," or NPSH, is plotted on the Y
Axis of the curve opposite the volumetric flow rate. The direction of NPSHR is
proportionate to the volumetric flow rate. The indicated NPSHR includes
additional margin and should always be more than the NPSHA (Net positive
suction head available). The NPSHR uses meters (m) as its unit of
measurement.
5. Power Consumption
Plotting of power also shows that power usage rises with flow rate along the Y
axis. Brake horse power, or BHP, is used to express it.
6. Impeller Size
Impeller diameter is typically shown as minimum, rated, or maximum in the pump
curve in relation to the minimum and maximum operating flow rates via the
pump. The size and speed of the impeller determine the flow that the pump can
produce, and they also play a role in flow correlation. According to the law of
affinity, flow is directly correlated with impeller diameter and speed.
REFERENCE:

Cew. (2023, February 14). Pump Performance Curve - Chemical Engineering World. Chemical

Engineering World. https://chemicalengineeringworld.com/pump-performance-curve/

Haosh. (2022, March 25). Different types of pumps - HAOSH pump. HAOSH Pump.

https://www.haoshpump.com/different-types-of-pumps/

Jaz. (2015, September 3). Centrifugal pumps. Marine Engineering Study Materials.

https://marineengineeringonline.com/centrifugal-pumps/#google_vignette

Magazine, P. &. S. (2012, January 18). The function of the volute. Pumps and Systems

Magazine. https://www.pumpsandsystems.com/function-volute

Pumps, S. (2019, June 26). Centrifugal pumps working Principles | Sintech Pumps. Sintech

Pumps India. https://www.sintechpumps.com/pumps/centrifugal-pumps/centrifugal-

pumps-working-

principles/#:~:text=The%20basic%20principle%20of%20operation,the%20velocity%20o

f%20the%20liquid.

Rotechpumps. (2023, July 16). Centrifugal Pumps: Advantages vs. Disadvantages (Make the

right choice). Rotech Pumps. https://www.rotechpumps.com/centrifugal-pumps-

advantages-disadvantages/

Useful info on specific speed & suction specific speed. (n.d.). https://www.michael-smith-

engineers.co.uk/resources/useful-info/specific-speed