Sampling Methods

1.Probability Sampling: This method involves randomly selecting samples from a population, giving each element a
known chance of being selected.
Example: A researcher uses a random number generator to select households from a list of all households in a city for
a survey on water usage.
2.Simple Random Sampling: Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Example: A teacher assigns each student in the class a number and then uses a random number generator to select
five students for a quiz.
3.Stratified Sampling: Divides the population into subgroups (or strata) and then samples from each subgroup.
Example: A market researcher divides consumers into income brackets and then randomly selects participants from
each bracket for a survey on shopping habits.
4.Systematic Sampling: Selects every nth member from the population after a random start.
Example: A researcher selects every 10th patient from a hospital’s admission records for a study on healthcare
outcomes.
5.Cluster Sampling: Divides the population into clusters, then randomly selects entire clusters and samples all members
within those clusters.
Example: A health worker randomly selects several villages from a district and then surveys all households in those
villages for a vaccination campaign.

6.Non-probability Sampling: Sampling methods where not every member of the population has a chance of being
selected.
Example: In an organization, for studying the career goals of 500 employees, technically, the sample selected should
have proportionate numbers of males and females. Which means there should be 250 males and 250 females. Since
this is unlikely, the researcher selects the groups or strata using quota sampling.

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Basic Non-probability Sampling:

7.Haphazard/Accidental Sampling: Involves selecting the most conveniently available individuals.

Example: A researcher surveys people passing by on the street for their opinions on a new product.
8.Convenience Sampling: Involves selecting individuals who are easiest to reach.
Example: A teacher surveys students in their own class to gather opinions on teaching methods.
9.Volunteer Sampling: Involves individuals who volunteer to participate.
Example: A researcher posts a request for participants on social media and surveys those who respond.
10.Purposive Sampling: Involves selecting individuals who meet specific criteria.
Example: A researcher selects participants for a study on athletes’ performance based on their ranking in a sports
league.
11.Quota Sampling: Involves selecting individuals based on predetermined quotas.
Example: A pollster ensures that their survey reflects the demographics of the population by setting quotas for age,
gender, and income.
12.Snowball Sampling: Involves recruiting participants through referrals from existing participants.
Example: A researcher studying a rare disease asks patients to refer others they know with the same condition to
participate in the study.

13.Reasons for Sampling: Cost-effectiveness: Surveying a smaller sample of the population is more economical than
surveying the entire population.
Time constraints: Conducting a survey on the entire population would take too much time, while sampling allows for
quicker data collection and analysis.
Inaccessibility of entire population: Some residents might be difficult to reach or unwilling to participate in the survey,
making it impossible to survey the entire population.
Destructive nature of testing: If the survey involves physical testing or invasive procedures, sampling reduces the
negative impact on the population.
Accuracy and reliability of results: By using appropriate sampling methods, researchers can ensure that the sample
accurately represents the population, leading to reliable results.
14.Ways to Compute Sample Size:
Using a formula: The research team can calculate the sample size needed based on the population size, desired margin
of error, and confidence level using a formula such as the one for determining sample size in a population proportion.
Consulting statistical tables or online calculators: Alternatively, they can utilize statistical tables or online calculators
specifically designed for determining sample size, which simplify the process and provide accurate results based on the
desired confidence level and margin of error.

SALIENTE GENESIS JM V. STEM G (BELL)