All objects regardless of their state of motion

(at rest or moving) possess a certain amount

of ENERGY.
ENERGY
ENERGY
Ability to do work.
 1
Law of
st

Thermodynamics
Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; rather, it can only be
transformed or transferred from
one form to another.
 1
Law of
st

Thermodynamics
Energy can be transformed from
one form to another. In such
transformations, energy is said to
be CONSERVED.
 1Law of
st

Thermodynamics
-Law of Conservation of
Energy
ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
ENERGY ENERGY
INPUT OUTPUT

ELECTRICAL LIGHT
ENERGY ENERGY &
HEAT
ENERGY
 ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS
ENERGY ENERGY
INPUT OUTPUT

ELECTRICAL
LIGHT ENERGY,
ENERGY HEAT ENERGY,
SOUND
ENERGY
 Kinetic Energy
+ Sound
Energy,
Chemical Gravitational
Energy PE

ENERGY
ENERGY
OUT
IN
Work and
Heat
 - Energy acquired by
objects upon which work is
done.
 -the sum of potential
energy and kinetic energy.
-the energy associated with
the motion and position
of an object.
TWO KINDS OF MECHANICAL ENEGY
1. POTENTIAL ENERGY

Energy in matter due

to arrangements of its
parts, its composition,
location and structure.
TWO KINDS OF MECHANICAL ENEGY
1. POTENTIAL ENERGY

Energy possessed by
objects at rest.
TWO KINDS OF MECHANICAL ENEGY
1. POTENTIAL ENERGY
It is commonly
considered as the
stored energy having
the potential to do
mechanical work.
VARIOUS FORMS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
ENERGY
-Energy possessed by an object
because of its location or position.
VARIOUS FORMS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
GRAVITATIONAL
POTENTIAL ENERGY
VARIOUS FORMS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
The energy stored in a
stretched or compressed
elastic material such as spring.
VARIOUS FORMS OF POTENTIAL ENERGY
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
DIFFERENT FORMS OF MECHANICAL ENEGY
2. KINETIC ENERGY

Energy possessed by
an object by virtue
of its motion.
VARIOUS FORMS OF KINETIC ENERGY
MOTION

RADIANT
VARIOUS FORMS OF KINETIC ENERGY
SOUND

THERMAL
VARIOUS FORMS OF KINETIC ENERGY

WAVES
Potential Energy Kinetic Energy
 Potential Energy
-stored energy by an object due to its
position.
 Kinetic Energy
-energy by an object due to the change in
position.
 Kinetic Energy
-energy in motion.
 When the ball is on the top it has potential
energy, however as it starts to fall, the potential
energy is slowly converted to kinetic energy. When
the ball touches the ground, there is no more
potential energy but instead kinetic energy.
 The sum of potential and
kinetic energy is called TOTAL
MECHANICAL ENERGY.
Mathematically it is expressed as:
MET= PE + KE
SI: Joule (J)
J=kg.m /s
2 2
 MECHANICAL POTENTIAL AND
KINETIC ENEGY EQUATIONS
PEgrav = gravitational
potential energy
POTENTIAL PEgrav= mgh m=mass
g= acceleration due to
ENERGY gravity (9.8 m/s2)
h= height or elevation
difference
 MECHANICAL POTENTIAL AND
KINETIC ENEGY EQUATIONS
PEelas = elastic
potential energy
POTENTIAL PEelas= ½ kx 2
k= spring constant
ENERGY x= compression or
extension length
 MECHANICAL POTENTIAL AND
KINETIC ENEGY EQUATIONS
KE= kinetic energy
m= mass of the object
KINETIC KE= ½ mv 2
v= velocity of the object
ENERGY
At #1 the PE is at its maximum due to its height or position. As the
pendulum starts to move, the PE decreases while the KE increases
because of the change in position.
At #2, half of the PE is lost and becomes Kinetic
Energy. Hence PE is equal to KE (PE=KE)
 At #3, the height of the pendulum is at the
minimum, thus PE is also at the minimum while KE
is at the maximum.
 From #4 to #5, the reverse will happen. It shall start with
maximum KE at #3. The KE will slowly transform to PE.
Eventually, PE is at maximum and KE is at minimum at #5
 Any loss of potential or kinetic energy will result into a gain in
kinetic or potential energy. There is no loss of energy in the system
and energy is conserved. Therefore, the total mechanical energy
at any point in pendulum is constant.
 CONSERVATION OF
MECHANICAL ENERGY
 MET= PE + KE
CONSERVATION
OF
MECHANICAL
ENERGY MET= mgh + ½
mv2
CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL
ENERGY
ME initial = ME final

PE + KE (initial) = PE + KE (final)

mgh + ½ mv2 initial = mgh + ½ mv2 final

 SAMPLE PROBLEM

•A 1 kg stone dropped on
top of a hill and reached
the ground after 3s.
Determine what happens
to the free falling object’s
KE and PE.
At t=0s the object is 44.1 m from the ground. Calculate
the PE and KE

a. PE= mgh
= (1 kg) (9.8 m/s) (44.1 m)
= 432. 18 J

b. KE = ½ mv2
= ½ (1kg) (0m/s) 2
=0J
ME= PE + KE
= 432.18 J + 0
= 432.18 J
At t= 1s ; h= ½ agt2 vf = agt vi= 0

PE= mgh
= (1kg) (9.8 m/s2) (44. 1m - 4.9 m)
= (9.8 m/s2) (39.2 m)
= 384. 16 J

KE= ½ mv2
= ½ (1kg) (9.8 m/s) 2

= ½ (1 kg )(96. 04 m2 /s2)
= 48.02 J
ME= PE + KE
= 384. 16 J + 48.02 J
= 432.18 J
PROBLEM 1
A fruit hangs from a tree. The fruit is a
quarter of a kilogram and is about to fall
to the ground. If the fruit is 10 meters
from the ground, how much potential
energy does it possess?
PROBLEM 2

A car with a mass of 700 kg is

moving with a velocity of 20m/s.
Calculate the kinetic energy of the
car.
PROBLEM 3
A 30 kg boulder is on top of an 80 m
cliff. If the rock falls, how much is its
potential energy when it reaches 30 m
above the ground?
PROBLEM 4

A cyclist and bike have a total mass

of 100 kg and move at a velocity of
15 m/s. Calculate the kinetic energy.
PROBLEM 5

How much kinetic energy does a

0.15kg ball thrown at 24 m/s have?