CH 02

CHAPTER 2
Resistive Circuits
Section 2.1 Solutions
2.1.1 Determine the current and power dissipated in the resistor in Fig. P2.1.1.
V + 1 Ω
−
FIGURE P2.1.1
Solution:
+ 1
−
I =   12
  4  A
_  = _
15 5

P15 12 2 = 144
  Ω =   _  _  = 9.6 W
15 15
2.1.2 Determine the voltage across the resistor in Fig. P2.1.2 and the power dissipated.
A 1 Ω
FIGURE P2.1.2
Solution:
+
V 1
−
V = 3(15) = 45 V
  Ω = 3  2(15) = 135 W
P15

21
c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 21 01-Feb-22 8:36:56 PM

22 C H A PTER 2 Resistive Circuits
2.1.3 In the network in Fig. P2.1.3, the power absorbed by Rx is 40 mW. Find Rx.
2 mA Rx
FIGURE P2.1.3
Solution:
PR  x  = I  2 Rx 
  40 m2  = _
⇒ Rx  = _   40   = 10 kΩ
(2 m)  4 m
2.1.4 In the network in Fig. P2.1.4, the power absorbed by Gx is 15 mW. Find Gx.
1 mA Gx
FIGURE P2.1.4
Solution:
2
 I   
P=_
Gx 
2 (15 m)  2
  I  = _
⇒ Gx  = _    
P 15 m

= 15 mS
2.1.5 An automobile uses two halogen headlights connected as shown in Fig. P2.1.5. Determine the
power supplied by the battery if each headlight draws 3 A of current.
+ −
12 V
FIGURE P2.1.5
Solution:
6A
12 V +
−
3A 3A
P12
  V = 12(6) = 72 W

Solutions to Problems 23
2.1.6 Many years ago a string of Christmas tree lights was manufactured in the form shown in Fig. P2.1.6a.
Today the lights are manufactured as shown in Fig. P2.1.6b. Is there a good reason for this change?
(a)
(b)
FIGURE P2.1.6
Solution:
Yes, in (a) if one light blows, the whole loop is opened, no current will flow, and, therefore,
no lights will be on. Additionally, one would not know which bulb had blown. In (b), if one
light blows, current will continue to be supplied to the rest of the lights, and the single blown
bulb can be identified.

2.2.1 Find I1, I2, and I3 in the network in Fig. P2.2.1.
2A
5A
4A
A
8A
I1
B I3
6A
I2 C 4A
3A
FIGURE P2.2.1
Solution:
I1  + 5 + 4 = 2 + 8 ⇒ I1  = 10 − 9 = 1 A

I 2 + I1  + 6 = 3 ⇒ I2  = 3 − 6 − 1 = −4 A
I 3+ 4 = I 2  + 8 ⇒ I3  = −4 + 8 − 4 = 0 A

2.2.2 Find VBE and VDA in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.2.

A − 6V + B
+ −
8V 12 V
− VDA VBE +
F C
6V − + 24 V
+ −
E + 4V − D
FIGURE P2.2.2
Solution:
V BE= −12 + 24 − 4 = 8 V

VD  A= −24 + 12 + 6 = −6 V

2.2.3 In the network in Fig. P2.2.3, find I1, I2, and I3 and show that KCL is satisfied at the boundary.
4 mA
I1 I3
1 mA I2
2 mA
4 mA
FIGURE P2.2.3
Solution:
2 mA − 1 mA + 4 mA = I1
I1 = 5 mA
I2 + 4 mA = 2 mA
I2 = −2 mA
I3 = I2 + 4 mA = 2 mA
Across the boundary (left − and right +)
−2 mA + 4 mA + 2 mA − 4 mA = 0
2.2.4 Find I1 and I2 in the network in Fig. P2.2.4.

I1 I2
8 mA
+
–
4 mA 2 mA
FIGURE P2.2.4
Solution:
I1 = 8 mA + 4 mA = 12 mA
I2 = 8 mA − 2 mA = 6 mA

2.2.5 Find Vx and Vy in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.5.
+ + +
Vy 12 V Vx
− − −
+−
6V
6V + − 4V
− +
FIGURE P2.2.5
Solution:

Vx  = 12 + 6 + 4 = 22 V
Vy  = 12 − 6 = 6 V

2.2.6 Find Io and I1 in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.6.
5 mA
4 mA
I1 2 mA
+−
+
−
Io 3 mA
FIGURE P2.2.6
Solution:
Io  = 2 m + 4 m − 3 m = 3 mA

I1  = Io  − 5 m = − 2 mA
2.2.7 Find I1 in the network in Fig. P2.2.7.
2Ix
Ix I1
4 mA
2 mA
FIGURE P2.2.7
Solution:
I x= 4m + 2m = 6 mA
I1  = 4m − 2 Ix  = −8 mA


2.2.8 Find Ix in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.8.
1 mA 4Ix
Ix mA
FIGURE P2.2.8
Solution:
1 m 4Ix
Ix m
Ix  + 12 m = 4Ix  + 3 m

⇒ 3Ix  = 9 m
⇒ Ix  = 3 mA
2.2.9 Find Ix in the network in Fig. P2.2.9.
2Ix 3Ix
12 mA
4 mA Ix
FIGURE P2.2.9
Solution:
Ix  + 4 m + 3Ix  = 2Ix  + 12 m

⇒ 2Ix  = 8 m
⇒ Ix  = 4 mA
2.2.10 Find Vbd in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.10.

a b c
+−
+ −
V
V +
1 V + 2V
−
−
d
FIGURE P2.2.10
Solution:
Vb  d= 5 + 2 = 7 V

2.2.11 Find Vac in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.11.
a b c
+ −
+−
V
2Vx +
12 V + Vx = V
−
−
FIGURE P2.2.11

Solution:
a b c
+ −
+−
V
2Vx +
12 V + Vx = V
−
−
Vbc
  = 2Vx  = 6 V
Va  c= 3 + 6 = 9 V
or
Vac
  = 12 − 3 = 9 V

2.2.12 Find Vad and Vce in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.12.
a b c
− 1V + − +
Vx = 2 V
4Vx + + 12 V
− −
e + 1V − d
FIGURE P2.2.12
Solution:
Va  d= − 1 − 2 + 12 = 9 V
or
Va  d= 4(2) + 1 = 9 V
Vce
  = 12 − 1 = 11 V
or
Vc  e= 2 + 1 + 4(2) = 11 V
Ix mA
mA Ix
mA
I1
FIGURE P2.2.13
Solution:
5Ix  + 10 m = 15 m + 15 m
⇒ Ix  = 4 mA
I1  = − 15 m − I x  = − 19 mA


2.2.14 Find I1, I2, and I3 in the network in Fig. P2.2.14.
I3
1 mA
Ix
mA
I2
Ix Ix
I1
FIGURE P2.2.14
Solution:
3I x − I2  = 18 m
3Ix  + I3  = − 6 m} x
   I x + I3  = 18 m

     I  = − 12 mA
⇒ I3  = 18 m + 12 m = 30 mA

⇒ I2  = 3(−12 m) − 18 m = −
54 mA
I1  = 3Ix  + 3Ix 
= 6(−12 m) = − 72 mA
2.2.15 Find V1, V2, and V3 in the network in Fig. P2.2.15.
V1 − + 6V
+ Vx −
− − V2 +
+−
+ +
V
+ Vx
1 V
− V3
− −
FIGURE P2.2.15
Solution:
Vx  = 15 − 3 = 12 V
V1  = − 3 − 3Vx  = − 39 V
V2  = − 6 − 3Vx  = − 42 V
V3  = V2  + Vx  = − 30 V


2.3.1 Find Vbd in the network in Fig. P2.3.1.
a b c
3 kΩ 1 kΩ
12 V + + 4V
− −
d
FIGURE P2.3.1
Solution:
I b
3k 1k
12 V + + 4V
− −
  12 − 4   = 2 mA
I=_
3k + 1k
Vbd
  = 1 kI + 4 = 6 V

2.3.2 If Vo = 5 V in the circuit in Fig. P2.3.2, find Vs.
1 kΩ
+
VS + kΩ Vo = 5 V
−
−
FIGURE P2.3.2
Solution:
1k I
+
VS + k V
−
−
I=_   5   = _
  1  mA
10k 2
  1 m(15 k + 10 k) = 12.5 V
s  = _
V
2


2.3.3 If the 12-V source in the network in Fig. P2.3.3 absorbs 36 W, find R and Vo.
1Ω 1Ω
+ 24 V
−
12 V +
−
+
R Vo
FIGURE P2.3.3
Solution:
I 1 1
+ 24
−
12 +
−
+
R Vo
36  = 3 A
I =  ___

12
Vo  = 12 + I(1 + 1)− 24 = −6 V

V  −6
R =  _o = _    = 2 Ω
−I −3
2.3.4 In the network in Fig. P2.3.4, find VS if Veb = 6 V.
a 1 kΩ b 4 kΩ c
2 kΩ Veb + VS
−
e 3 kΩ d
FIGURE P2.3.4
Solution:
1k 4k
−
2k 6V + VS
−
I 3k
+
  6  = 2 mA
I = _
2k + 1k
VS  = − I(4 k + 1 k + 2 k + 3 k)
= − 2 m(10 k)
= − 20 V

2.3.5 Find VS in the circuit in Fig. P2.3.5, if Vbe = 25 V.
a 5 kΩ b kΩ
VS + V + 1 V
− −
kΩ
FIGURE P2.3.5
Solution:
k k I
+
VS + V + 1
− −
−
k
 25 V − 15  
I =_ V =   _
10  = 2 mA
3k + 2k 5k
Vs  = I(5 k + 3 k + 2 k)+ 15
= 35 V
2.3.6 Find VA in the network in Fig. P2.3.6.
Ω Ω
Ω + 12 V
−
4V
VA + Ω
−
−
FIGURE P2.3.6
Solution:
I
+ 12
−
4V
VA +
−
−
 12 − 4 = 2 A
I=_
2+2
VA  = − I(4 + 4 + 2 + 2)+ 12
= −12 V

2.3.7 Find V1 in the network in Fig. P2.3.7.

− Vx +
+
1 kΩ kΩ
Vx
+ V V1 +
− − 4
−
FIGURE P2.3.7
Solution:
− Vx + I
+
1k k
Vx
+ V1 +
− − 4
−
Vx  = 15 kI
  15 kI
14 + I(15 k) + I(9 k) = _  
4
⇒ − 20.25 kI = 14 ⇒ I = − 0.691 mA
k)+ 14 = 3.63 V
V1  = I(15
2.3.8 Find the power absorbed or supplied by the 12-V source in the network in Fig. P2.3.8.
12 V I
−+
4Vb + − 2Va
− +
+ +
Va 2 kΩ 4 kΩ Vb
− −
FIGURE P2.3.8
Solution:
I
−+
12
4Vb + − 2Va
− +
+ +
Va 2k 4k Vb
− −
Vb  = 4 kI Va  = −2 kI

12 + 2(−2 kI)+ 4(4 kI) = I(4 k + 2 k)
⇒ I(6 k)= −12 ⇒ I = −2 mA
⇒ P1  2 V = 12(2 m) = 24 mW absorbed

2.3.9 Find Vo and the power absorbed by the 2-kΩ resistor in Fig. P2.3.9.
+ Vo −
1 kΩ 2Vx
+−
+
12 V + 2 kΩ Vx
−
−
3 kΩ
FIGURE P2.3.9
Solution:
+ Vo −
1k 2Vx
I
+−
+
12 + 2k Vx
−
−
3k
Vx  = 2 kI
12 = I(1 k + 2 k + 3 k)+ 2(2 kI)
6  mA
⇒ 10 kI = 12 ⇒I =  _
5
2
P2  k = (   6 m)  2 k = _
_   72 m = 2.88 mW
5 25

Vo  = I(1 k)+ 2Vx  = I(1 k)+ 4 kI = 6 V
2.3.10 Calculate the power absorbed by the dependent source in the circuit in Fig. P2.3.10.
4 kΩ 2 kΩ
+−
12 V
−
1.5Vx + Vx 6 kΩ
3 kΩ 3 kΩ
FIGURE P2.3.10
Solution:
4k I 2k
+−
12
−
1.5Vx + Vx 6k
3k 3k

Vx  = − I(2 k + 6 k)= − 8 kI

12 + 1.5 Vx 
I = ___________________
  
     =  12
_ − 12 
kI
4k + 3k + 3k + 6k + 2k 18 k
⇒ 30 kI = 12 ⇒ I = _   6   mA
15
⇒ Vx  = − 8 k(   m) = − _
6
_ 48  V
15 15
PV  x  = (   − 48 )(_
_   − 6 m) = _
  288  m = 1.704 mW
15 15 225
2.3.11 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P2.3.11.

− Vx +
V
−+
kΩ
I kΩ
+
2Vx + Vo
− kΩ
FIGURE P2.3.11
Solution:
− Vx +

I
−+
k
k
2Vx +
−
+
k Vo
Vx  = 12 + 2 kI
2(12 + 2 kI)+ 12 + I(2 k + 2 k + 4 k)= 0
⇒ I(12 k)= − 36 ⇒ I = − 3 mA

Vo  = − I(4 k) = 12 V
2.3.12 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P2.3.12.

Vx
+ −
−+
+ 2Ω +
Ω
4Vx
− VA + 2VA Vo
2 V + −
− −
FIGURE P2.3.12

Solution:
Vx
+ −
−+
I + 2 +

4Vx
2 − VA + 2VA Vo
+ −
− −
Vx  = 3I
VA  = 2I + 2VA  ⇒ VA  = − 2I
4(3I)= 2I + 2(− 2I)+ 22 + 3I
⇒11I = 22 ⇒ I = 2 A
VA  = − 2(2)= −4 V

Vo  = 2VA  = −8 V
2.3.13 The 10-V source absorbs 2.5 mW of power. Calculate Vba and the power absorbed by the depend-
ent voltage source in Fig. P2.3.13.
2Vx
2 kΩ a 3 kΩ
−+
−
20 V + Vba 10 kΩ Vx
−
+
5 kΩ
−+
b
10 V
FIGURE P2.3.13
Solution:
2Vx
2k a 3k
−+
−
20 + 10k Vx
−
+
5k
−+
I b
10
I = _   2.5 m
 P = _  = 0.25 mA
V 10
Vx  = − I(10 k)= − 2.5 V
P2  Vx  = 2Vx  (− I) = 1.25 mW
Vb  a= + 10 + I(5 k)− 20 + I(2 k) = − 8.25 V


2.4.1 Find Io in the network in Fig. P2.4.1.
12 mA kΩ kΩ kΩ
Io
FIGURE P2.4.1
Solution:
12 k 4 k   = 3 kΩ
12 k ∥ 4 k =  _
( )
12 k + 4 k
  12 m 3 k   = 6 mA

( )
Io  = _
3k + 3k
2.4.2 Find Io in the network in Fig P2.4.2.
6 kΩ 12 mA 12 kΩ 12 kΩ
Io
FIGURE P2.4.2
Solution:
 6 12 k   = 4 kΩ
( )
6 k ∥ 12 k = _
6 + 12
12 m 4 k   = −3 mA
( )
Io  = − ___________
4 k + 12 k
2.4.3 Find the current IA in the circuit in Fig. P2.4.3.
4 kΩ 7 mA 1 kΩ 2 kΩ 3 mA 5 kΩ
IA
FIGURE P2.4.3
Solution:
Is R1 5k
I2
I S= 7 m − 3 m = 4 mA
8  k ∥ 1 k = 0.5714 kΩ
R 1 = 4 k ∥ 1 k ∥ 2 k =  _
6
I  (R  )
I 2 = _
  S 1  = 0.410 mA
R1  + 5 k
I A= −3 m − I 2  = −3.410 mA


2.5.1 Find RAB in the network in Fig. P2.5.1.
A 2 kΩ
1 kΩ
RAB 4 kΩ 6 kΩ
3 kΩ
B
FIGURE P2.5.1
Solution:
  = 1 k + [ 4 k ∥ {2 k + ( 3k ∥ 6k)}]

RAB
= 1 k + [ 4 k ∥ {2 k + 2 k}]
= 1 k + [ 4 k ∥ 4 k]
= 1k + 2k
= 3 kΩ
2.5.2 Find RAB in the circuit in Fig. P2.5.2.

A
kΩ kΩ kΩ
RAB 1 kΩ kΩ kΩ
B
FIGURE P2.5.2
Solution:
k k
42
1 k k ( k + k) = kΩ
17
18k (3k + ( 17k

42
) =
1674
399
kΩ
RA  B= 5 k + (1694)k = 9.195 kΩ

399


A
2 kΩ 2 kΩ 1 kΩ
RAB kΩ kΩ 1 kΩ
B
FIGURE P2.5.3
Solution:
A
2k 2k
k k (1k + 1k + 1k) = kΩ
2k 2k
2k
3k (2k + 2k + 2k) = 2 kΩ
2k
RA  B= 2 k +2 k+ 2 k = 6 kΩ

12 kΩ
A
2 kΩ 6 kΩ
RAB 4 kΩ 12 kΩ
B
FIGURE P2.5.4
Solution:
2k
4k (12k 6k) = 4 kΩ 12k
  = 4 k ∥ (2 k + 4 k) ∥ 12 k
RAB
= 4k ∥ 4k
= 2 kΩ

kΩ
A
kΩ 2 kΩ
RAB kΩ
B
FIGURE P2.5.5
Solution:
k
A
2k
k = k k
B
2k ∥ 0 = 0 Ω
A
k
k
B
R AB =‫ ވ‬k ∥ ‫ ފ‬k = ‫ މމܥއ‬kΩ
2.5.6 Find RAb in the network in Fig. P2.5.6.
Ω Ω
Ω
RAB
Ω
Ω
Ω
B
Ω
FIGURE P2.5.6

Solution:
A
B
( + )= Ω
+ = Ω
  118  = (
RA  B = 8 ∥ 4 ∥ _   8 ) ∥ (_
_   50 ) = 1.489 Ω
35 3 13
A
6Ω
6Ω 12 Ω 6Ω
RAB
9Ω
6Ω 6Ω 6Ω
B
14 Ω
FIGURE P2.5.7
Solution:

2.5.8 Find the equivalent resistance between terminals X-Y in the network in Fig. P2.5.8.
X
5Ω
2Ω 2Ω
10 Ω 10 Ω
2Ω
Y
FIGURE P2.5.8
Solution:
Here for the given network, first the inside Y resistances is first converted to equivalent Δ.
2 + 2 + (2 × 2)
R1 = = 2Ω
2
Due to the symmetry of star network, R2 = R3 = 2 Ω. Thus, after simplifying the parallel circuit the
resistances reduce to:
Hence,
RXY = 3.75 ‖ (2.73 + 3.75) = 2.375 Ω
2.5.9 Find the equivalent resistance between terminals A-B in the circuit in Fig. P2.5.9.
12 Ω 10 Ω
4Ω 10 Ω
8Ω
8Ω 8Ω 12 Ω 18 Ω
4Ω 8Ω
A B
8Ω 8Ω 10 Ω 20 Ω
5Ω
6Ω 9Ω
4Ω 6Ω
FIGURE P2.5.9

Solution:

2.5.10 Determine the total resistance, RT, in the circuit in Fig. P2.5.10.
24 kΩ 9 kΩ
24 kΩ 9 kΩ
24 kΩ 24 kΩ 18 kΩ
24 kΩ 24 kΩ 6 kΩ 18 kΩ
RT 6 kΩ 1 kΩ
RT 1 kΩ
FIGURE ABP2.7.10
FIGUREABP2.7.10
FIGURE P2.5.10
Solution:
24k
24k
24k 24k = 12k 18k

24k 24k = 12k 6k 18k
6k 9k+ 1k = 10k
9k+ 1k = 10k
8k 8k = 4k 9k
8k 8k = 4k 9k
→Y
△ Y
△→Y
24k
6k
2k 3k
10k
4k 9k
24k
6k
RT 10k
(2k + 4k) (3k + 9k) = 4k
R T= 24 k + { (6 k + 4 k) ∥ 10 k}

= 24 k + 5 k
= 29 kΩ

6 kΩ
12 mA 12 kΩ 12 kΩ 12 kΩ
Io
FIGURE P2.6.1

Solution:
12m 12k 6k + (12k 12k) = 12k
Io
  12 m
12 k = 12 k ⇒ Io  = _   = 6 mA
2
2.6.2 Find Vab in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.2.
30 V + −
a Vab b
+−
3Ω 4Ω
9Ω 15 Ω 10 Ω 6Ω
2Ω
FIGURE P2.6.2
Solution:
30 V
a 3Ω 4Ω b
+−
− V3 + − − V4 +
9Ω 15 Ω V2 10 Ω 6Ω
2Ω
30
a 3
+−
− V3 +
− −
9 15 V1 V2 5 Ω = 10 Ω (4 Ω + 6 Ω)
+ +
30
+−
−
9 V1 6 = 15 (3 + 5 + 2)
+
30(6)
V1  = _
   = 12 V
9+6
V  (5)
V2  = _
  1  = 6 V
3+5+2
V  (3)
V3  = _
  1   18  V
  = _
3+5+2 5
V  (4) 12
V4  = _
  2   =  _   V
4+6 5
Va  b = − V3  − V4  = − 6 V

2.6.3 Find I1 and Vo in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.3.
2 kΩ kΩ +
1 V
+ 6 kΩ kΩ Vo
−
I1
−
FIGURE P2.6.3
Solution:
2k +
+ V1 6k ( k + k) = kΩ
−
−
10(3 k)
10(3k)
V1  = _
   = 6 V
2k + 3k
V
1 
I 1  = _
   = 1 mAmA
6k
V
V1  (2k)
(2 k)
Voo  =
V =_ _
  1   =
= 22V
V
44kk + + 2k
2k
2.6.4 Find V1 in the network in Fig. P2.6.4.
10 Ω
5Ω 6Ω
24 V + 8Ω V1 4Ω
−
3Ω 3Ω
FIGURE P2.6.4
Solution:
+ +
24 + 8 V2 V4 (4 + 6) 10 = 5 Ω
−
− −
3
3 − V3 +
+
24 + V2 (3 + 5) 8 = 4 Ω
−
−

24(4)
V2  = _
   = 8 V
5+4+3
V  (3)
V3  = _
  2  = 3 V
5+3
V4  = V2  − V3  = 5 V
V  (4)

V1  = _
  4  + V3  = 2 + 3
6+4
= 5 V
2.6.5 If Io = 2 mA in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.5, find VS.
1 kΩ
VS +
–
3 kΩ 12 kΩ
6 kΩ
Io
FIGURE P2.6.5
Solution:

2.6.6 In the network in Fig. P2.6.6, Vo = 8 V. Find IS.
9 kΩ 2 kΩ
+
IS 3 kΩ Vo 6 kΩ 5 kΩ
–
FIGURE P2.6.6
Solution:
2.6.7 In the network in Fig. P2.6.7, V1 = 12 V. Find VS.

4 kΩ
2 kΩ + V − 1 kΩ
1
VS + 6 kΩ 4 kΩ 3 kΩ
−
FIGURE P2.6.7

Solution:
I1 4k
2k + 12 V −
+
VS + 6k V2 2k = 4k (1k + 3k)
−
−
  12  = 3 mA
I1  = _ RR
2  ==6 k6 k∥ ∥(4(k4 k++2 k2)k)
4k 2
==3 3kΩ
kΩ
V2  = I1  (4 k + 2 k)= 18 V
V  (R  ) 2k

V2  = _
  S 2   +
2k + R 2 
VS + V2 R2
V  ( 2 k + R 2  ) −
⇒ VS  = _
  2   −
R2 
= 30 V
2.6.8 If V1 = 5 V in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.8, find IS.

V1 = 5 V
+ −
1 kΩ
kΩ IS kΩ kΩ
FIGURE P2.6.8
Solution:
1k
+ 5V − I1
k IS k = k k
  5   = _
I1  = _   1  mA
15 k 3
IS  (3 k)
I1  = _____________
      
3 k + ( 15 k + 3 k)
I  ( 3 k + 18 k)
⇒ IS  = ___________
  1   = 2.33 mA
3k
2.6.9 Find Vab and Vdc in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.9.

+ Vab −
a b
2Ω 5Ω
20 V +
−
4Ω + d 3Ω
Vdc 1Ω
−
c 2Ω
FIGURE P2.6.9

Solution:
I2 I3
I1
20 +
−
2+4+2=8 8=5+3
I1
+ 20
I 11  = _
  5  = 4 A
20 1+ (8 8) = 5 Ω
−
I   (8)
I22  = _
  11  = 2 A
8+8
I33  = I 22  = 2 A
A
Va  b = 2(−I2  ) + 5(I3  ) = 6 V

Vd  c = 1(−I1  ) + 2(−I2  ) = −8 V
2.6.10 Calculate VAB in Fig. P2.6.10.
B
VAB 4Ω 4Ω 2Ω
6Ω 4Ω 6Ω 2A
A
2Ω 4Ω 2Ω
FIGURE P2.6.10
Solution:
I2 I1 B
4 2
4 + 6 + 2 = 12 4 6 2
4 2
I1 B
2
(12 4) + 4 + 4 = 11 6 2
2(6) I  (4)

I1  = _
    12  A
  = _ I 2 = _
  1   3   A
  = _
6 + 11 17 4 + 12 17
VA  B = − I2  (6 + 4)− I1  (4) = − 4.59 V

2.6.11 Determine Vo in the network in Fig. P2.6.11.
5 kΩ
1 mA kΩ 3 mA
+
kΩ Vo
−
FIGURE P2.6.11
FIGURE P2.6.11
Solution:
Io
5k
IS k +
k Vo
−
IS  = 19 m − 32 m = −13 mA

IS  (8 k)
Io  = ____________
      = −6.93 mA
8 k + ( 5 k + 2 k)
Vo  = Io  (2 k) = −13.86 V
2.6.12 Find I1, I2, and V1 in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.12.

4Ω 2Ω
3A
6Ω I2
6Ω 4Ω V1 6Ω 2Ω
I1 3Ω 4Ω
FIGURE P2.6.12
Solution:
6 = 4 +2
3A
I2
+
− +
6 + 6 = 12 4 V3 V1 V2 6 6 = 4 +2
+ −
I1 3 −

3A
− VS +
12 4 = 3 3=66
V S = 3(6 ∥ (3 + 3 + 3)) = _   54  V

5
_ − VS  (3 + 3) 36
_
V1  =     = −       V
3+3+3 5
V  (3)
V2  = _
  S   18  V
  = _
3+3+3 5
V  3
I2  = _
  2  = _      A
6 5
V3  = V2  = _
  18  V
5
− V3  3     A
I1  =     = −  _
_
12 10
2.6.13 In the network in Fig. P2.6.13, V1 = –14 V. Find Vs.
+ V1 −
7 kΩ 8 kΩ + VS 5 kΩ
−
FIGURE P2.6.13
Solution:
4
4 kΩ
kΩ 2
2 kk
+ −14
+ −14 V
V−−
R
R22 + Vs
V 5 kk
5
− s
22  = (( 7k
R k) ∥ 88k
7 k + 11k k = 4 kΩ
kΩ
R
R11
+ V1 −
+ V 1 −
R
R22 + V
Vss
−
R1  = R2  ⇒ VS  = 2(−V1  )

= 28 V

2.6.14 In the circuit in Fig. P2.6.14, Vo = 3 V. Find IS.
1 Ω Ω 8Ω +
Ω IS 3Ω 4Ω Vo
FIGURE P2.6.14
Solution:
+ V2 −
I3 + I2 I1 8 Io +
+
+1 =2 VS IS 3 V1 4 V
−
− −
  3    A
I o = _
4

V1  = Io  (8 + 4) = 9 V
V 
I1  = _
  1 = 3 A
3

I2  = I1  + Io  = 3.75 A

V2  = I2  (4) = 15 V
VS  = V2  + V1  = 24 V

V 
I3  = _
  S = 1 A
24
IS  = I3  + I2  = 4.75 A

2.6.15 Find the value of IA in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.15.
IA 4Ω
6Ω Vo = 12 V
4Ω
− 4V
4Ω +
FIGURE P2.6.15

Solution:
+
V1 Io +
IA 4Ω
I1 −
6Ω 12 V
4Ω
− 4V
4Ω + –
V1  = 12 + 4 = 16 V
V 
I1  = _   1 = 4 A
4
_ 12
Io  =    = 2 A
6
IA  = I1  + Io  = 6 A
2.6.16 Find the value of IA in the network in Fig. P2.6.16.
2Ω + 6V 3Ω 4Ω
–
2Ω
+
2A
IA 2Ω + 6V 2Ω 4V
–
–
FIGURE P2.6.16
Solution:

2.6.17 Given Io = 2 mA in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.17; find IA.
6V + 1 kΩ 2 kΩ
−
6V
+−
IA
Io
FIGURE P2.6.17
Solution:
I4
+
6V + 1 kΩ 2 kΩ V4
−
6V IA −
+−
I2
+ + −
1 kΩ V2 2 kΩ V1 1 kΩ V3
− 2 mA − +
I3
V1  = 2 k(2 m) = 4 V

V2  = 6 + V1  = 10 V
V 
I2  = ___
  2  = 10 mA
1k
I3  = I2  + 2 m = 12 mA
V3  = I3  (1 k) = 12 V
V4  = V3  + V2  + 6 = 28 V
V 
I4  = ___
  4  = 14 mA
2k
IA  = −I3  − I4  = −26 mA
2.6.18 Given Vo in the network in Fig. P2.6.18, find IA.
1 kΩ IA 1 kΩ
+−
1 kΩ +
13 V
3V + 2 kΩ 1 kΩ Vo = 7 V
−
−
FIGURE P2.6.18

Solution:
I5
+
1 kΩ IA V5 1 kΩ
−
I4 − V2 +
+−
1 kΩ + +
13 V
3V + V1 2 kΩ 7V 1 kΩ
−
− −
V1  = 13 + 7 = 20 V
V2  = V1  − 3 = 17 V
V  V1  ___
I4  = ___     +   7  = 34 mA
  2   + ___
1k 2k 1k
V5  = 3 − 7 − I 4  (1 k) = −38 V
V 
I5  = ___
  5  = − 38 mA
1k
IA  = I4  − I5  = 72 mA
2.6.19 Find the value of Vx in the network in Fig. P2.6.19, such that the 5-A current source supplies 50 W.
2Ω
+−
Vx
4Ω
4Ω
5V + 2Ω 2Ω 5A
−
FIGURE P2.6.19
Solution:
2Ω
+−
Vx P5A = 50 Wsupplied
Ix
+ V3 − 4Ω
4Ω − +
5V + 2Ω V2 2Ω V1 5A
−
+ −
P  A
V1  = _
  5   = 10 V
5
V2  = 5(4) − V1  = 10 V
V3  = 5 + V
2  = 15 V
V  V2 
Ix  = ___
  3  + ___  55  A
   + 5 = _
4 2 4
Vx  = V3  + Ix  (2) = 42.5 V

2.6.20 If VR = 15 V, find Vx in Fig. P2.6.20.
4Ω 4Ω 3Ω
+
4Ω
+ Vx 3A 2A 5Ω VR
−
8V +
−
−
FIGURE P2.6.20
Solution:
+ V5 − + V4 −
4 Ω I5 4 Ω I4 3Ω
+ +
I1
4Ω V3
+
−
+ Vx 3A I3 V2 2A 5Ω 15 V
−
+ −
8V
−
−
  15 = 3 A
I1  = _
5
V2  = I1  (3) + 15 = 24 V
V3  = V2  − 8 = 16 V
V 
I3  = _
  3 = 4 A
4
I4  = I3  + 2 + I1  = 9 A
V4  = I4  (4) = 36 V
I5  = I4  − 3 = 6 A
V5  = I5  (4) = 24 V
Vx  = V5  + V4  + V2  = 84 V
2.6.21 If the power supplied by the 2-A current source is 40 W, find Vs and the power absorbed by the
5-V source in the network in Fig. P2.6.21.
2A
5Ω
5Ω
10 Ω
5V + 5Ω 5Ω + VS
− −
FIGURE P2.6.21

Solution:
2A
5Ω
+ V2 – P2A = 40 Wsupplied
– V1 +
I7 – V3 + I3 5Ω I5
I6 10 Ω
+
5V + 5Ω V4 5Ω + VS
− −
–
I4
P  A
V1  = _
  2   = 20 V
2
V2  = 2(5) = 10 V
V3  = V1  − V2  = 10 V
V4  = V3  + 5 = 15 V
V 
I4  = _
  4 = 3 A
5
V 
I 3 = _
  3 = 1 A
10
I5  = I3  + I4  − 2 = 2 A
VS  = I5  (5) + V4  = 25 V
  5 = 1 A
I6  = _
5
I7  = I3  − I6  − 2 = −2 A
P5  V = 5(−2) = −10 W
2.6.22 Find the value of Vx in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.22 such that the power supplied by the 6-A source
is 54 W.
Vx
+−
1Ω 1Ω
A
4Ω
V + 2Ω 2Ω A
−
FIGURE P2.6.22

Solution:
Vx
+−
1Ω 1Ω
A Ix
P A= Wsupplied
4Ω
− V2 + +
V + 2Ω 2Ω V1 A
−
−
P  A
V1  = _
  6   = 9V
6
V2  = V1  − 3 = 6 V
V  V1 
Ix  = ___
  2  + ___
   − 5 − 6 = −5 A
4 2
Vx  = − V2  − Ix  (1 + 1) = 4 V
2.6.23 If Vo in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.23 is 24 V, find the value of Is.
4Ω + 12 V 2Ω
−
IS
+
2A
16 V + 5Ω 4Ω Vo = 24 V
−
−
FIGURE P2.6.23
Solution:
I4
+ +
4Ω V4 + 12 V 2Ω V2
−
− IS −
I5 I2
I3 I1
+ 2A +
16 V + V3 5Ω 4Ω 24 V
−
− −
  24 = 6 A
I1  = _
4
I2  = I1  − 2 = 4 A

V2  = I2  (2) = 8 V

V3  = 24 + V2  − 12 = 20 V
V 
I3  = ___
  3 = 4 A
5
V4  = 12 + V3  − 16 = 16 V
V 
I4  = ___
  4 = 4 A
4
I5  = I4  + I2  = 8 A
IS  = I5  + I3  + 2 = 14 A
2.6.24 The 40-V source in the circuit in Fig. P2.6.24 is absorbing 80 W of power. Find Vx.
3A
20 Ω 5Ω 10 Ω
6Ω
10 Ω 5A + 40 V
−
+ Vx
−
FIGURE P2.6.24
Solution:
3A
20 Ω I4 − V3 + 10 Ω
+ Ix 5Ω I3 P40V = 80 Wabsorbing
+ I1
6Ω
10 Ω
V4 V2 5A + 40 V
−
+ Vx
−
− −
P 
I1  = _
  40 V = 2 A
40
V2  = 10(I1  )+ 40 = 60 V
I3  = 3 + 5 − I1  = 6 A
V3  = I3  (5) = 30 V
V4  = V2  − V3  = 30 V
V4 
I4  = ________
   = 1 A
(20 + 10)
Ix  = I3  − I4  − 3 = 2 A
Vx  = V4  − Ix  (6) = 18 V


2.7.1 Find Io in the network in Fig. P2.7.1 if all resistors are 12 Ω.
A
Io
FIGURE P2.7.1
Solution:
R △ 12
RY  = _
    = _    = 4 Ω
3 3
4
I1
4 4
12 12
12 12
Io
R1
12
I1
R1  = { (4 + 12) ∥ (4 + 12)}+ 4 = 12 Ω

12(12)
I1  = = 6A
12 + R1
I1(4 + 12)
Io  = = 3 A
(4 + 12) + (4 + 12)
2.7.2 Find Io in the circuit in Fig. P2.7.2.
12 Ω 12 Ω
+ 24 V
−
12 Ω
8Ω 14 Ω
Io
FIGURE P2.7.2

Solution:
12
=4Ω
3
4Ω 4Ω + 24 V
−
8Ω 14 Ω
Io
4
+ 24
−
+
(12)(18)
_ 36 Ω
Vo =_
4 + 8 = 12 18 = 4 + 14 12 + 18 5
Io −
24(_   36 ) V 

Vo  = _
  5   = _
  108  V
Io  = _
  0  = 1.286 A
_ 36
   + 4 7 12
5
2.7.3 Find the power supplied by the 6-mA source in the network in Fig. P2.7.3.
4 kΩ 12 kΩ
12 kΩ
12 kΩ
6 mA 12 kΩ
FIGURE P2.7.3
Solution:
4k 12k
4k =
3
12k
12k 4k =
3
12k
4k =
6m 3
16
k = (4 + 4) || (12 + 4)
3
Vs 6m 4k

12k 4k =
3
12k
4k =
6m 3
16
k = (4 + 4) || (12 + 4)
3
Vs 6m 4k
VS  = 6 m(_
  16 k + 4 k)= 56 V
3
P6  mA = 56(6 m) = 336 mW
6Ω 3Ω
6Ω 3Ω
6Ω
36 V +
−
3Ω
6Ω
Io
6Ω 3Ω
FIGURE P2.7.4
Solution:
3 Ω + 3 Ω = 6 Ω
R △
RY  = _
   = 2 Ω
3
2 2
2
+
36 V +
−
Vo
3
6
−
Io
6 3
36 + +
−
Vo R1 = (2 + 6) || (2 + 3 + 3) = 4 Ω
−
6

36 V +
−
Vo
3
6
−
Io Solutions to Problems 63
6 3
36 + +
−
Vo R1 = (2 + 6) || (2 + 3 + 3) = 4 Ω
−
6
36(R1  )
Vo  = _____________
     = 8 V
R1  + ( 6 + 2 + 6)
Vo 
Io  = _
    = 1 A
( 2 + 3 + 3)
Ω Io
9Ω 3Ω
V
+ 12 Ω 4Ω
−
1 Ω 5Ω
18 Ω
FIGURE P2.7.5
Solution:
IoIIo
ΩΩ
Ω o
99
9
++

−+
−
−
66 Ω==
6ΩΩ =1212 (3++
12|| ||||(3(3 4++
+4 4 +5)5)
5)
11
1 18 Ω, 9 Ω, + 6 Ω are wye connected
1818
18

IoIIo
o
K = 18(9)+ 18(6)+ 9(6)= 324
+ VoV
++ Voo −−
−
R3R
R33   K = 54 Ω
R1  = _
6
++

−+
−
−
11
1
  K = 36 Ω
R2  = _
R1R
R1 R2R
R2 9
1 2
  K  = 18 Ω
R3  = _
18
.
. Ω=R
.Ω=R 3 ||
3 ||
Ω=R
3 ||
Vo −− 21(3.27)
+ VoV
++
o
− Vo  =
(3.27 + 12.44)
= 4.37 V
V 
++ Io  = _
  o  = 1.09 A
R1R
R11

−+
−
−

Ω=R
Ω=R
Ω=R 2 ||
2 || 11
2 || 1
4

2.7.6 Find the power supplied by the 24-V source in the circuit in Fig. P2.7.6.
12 kΩ 12 kΩ
12 kΩ +− 12 kΩ
24 V
12 kΩ 12 kΩ
FIGURE P2.7.6
Solution:
12 k
4k 4k = 4k
3 4k
−
+
4k 24 V 4k
I 4k
+ 8k 8k = 4k + 4k
24 V −
4k
8 k ∥ 8 k = 4 kΩ
    24
I = ___________  = 2 mA
4k + 4k + 4k
P2  4 V = ( 24)( 2 m) = 48 mW
2.7.7 Find the power absorbed by the network in Fig. P2.7.7.
kΩ kΩ
V
2 kΩ +−
kΩ 1 kΩ
FIGURE P2.7.7
Solution:
2k, 8k, +8k are connected in wye.

k
 2 k 8 k + 8  
k(8 k)+ 2 k(8 k)
( )
____________________________
R1  = R2  =   
8k
R1 = 12 kΩ

+ R3
− R2
 2 k 8 k + 8  
k(8 k)+ 2 k(8 k)
( )
____________________________
R3  =   
2k
= 48 kΩ
1k

R1  ∥ 6 k = 4 kΩ R2  ∥ 12 k = 6 kΩ
R3  ∥ (4k + 6k) = 8.275 kΩ
+ k P =
(60)2
= 435 mW
− 8.275 k
2.7.8 Find the power supplied by the source in the network in Fig. P2.7.8. All resistors are 6 kΩ.
+ V
−
FIGURE P2.7.8
Solution:
R △ 6k
RY  = _
    =   _  = 2 kΩ
3 3
k k
k
k + k
−
k
k k
k
k + k + k = 0k + 0k = k + k + k
−
k
+ 1 (0k 0k) + k + k = kΩ
−

−
k
+ 1 (0k 0k) + k + k = kΩ
−
6
I =  2  mA
=_
9k 3
P6  V = 6(_

  2 m) = 4 mW
3
2.7.9 Determine the power supplied by the 36-V source in the circuit in Fig. P2.7.9.
12 kΩ
54 kΩ 72 kΩ
18 kΩ 36 V + 72 kΩ
− 18 kΩ
3 kΩ
6 kΩ
FIGURE P2.7.9
Solution:
12k
54k (72k 72k)

18k =
54k + (72k 72k) + 18k
18k (72k 72k)
9k 6k =
18k 36 + (54k + (72k 72k) + 18k)
−
3k 6k
18k (54k)
9k = _____________________
   
   
(54k + (72k ∥ 72k) + 18k)
12k
18k
18k 36 +
−
6k = (9k + 3k) (6k + 6k)

36 + 12k = 18k (12k + 18k + 6k)

−
2 2
  V = _
P36   36    = 108 mW
  V  = _
R 12 k
2.7.10 Find the power supplied by the current source in the network in Fig. P2.7.10.
Ω Ω Ω Ω
A
Ω
Ω Ω Ω Ω
FIGURE P2.7.10
Solution:
= 3
( )+( )=
( + ( (2++ )6)== 4ΩΩ

( 2 +) 6∥) ∥
= ( + )
P7  A = I  2 R = 7  2(3) = 147 W

2.7.11 Determine the total resistance, RT, in the circuit in Fig. P2.7.11.
16 kΩ 6 kΩ
2 kΩ 16 kΩ
12 kΩ 6 kΩ
12 kΩ
RT
3 kΩ 12 kΩ
12 kΩ 12 kΩ
12 kΩ
FIGURE P2.7.11
Solution:
2k 16k 16k = 8k
12k 12k = 6k 12k 6k (6k + 6k) = 4k
RT 6k = 3k + 3k
0 12k 12k = 0
12k 12k = 6k
6k ∥ 0 = 0
2k
RT 6k 6k 12k (8k + 4k) = 6k
R = 2 k + (6 k ∥ 6 k ∥ 6 k) = 2 k + (3 k ∥ 6 k)
RT  T= 2 k + ( 6 k ∥ 6 k ∥ 6 k)= 2 k + ( 3 k ∥ 6 k)
= 4.0 kΩ
= 4.0 kΩ

2.8.1 Determine IL in the circuit in Fig. P2.8.1.
Ix
+ IL
mA 3 mA
V1 kΩ 2 kΩ kΩ
3Ix
−
FIGURE P2.8.1

Solution:
( 5 m − 3 IX  )(_
( 8 m − 3 m − 3 IX  )( 2 k ∥ 1 k) _________________   2 k )
3 
IX  = _____________________________
          =       
( 2 k ∥ 1 k)+ 4 k (_
  2 k )+ 4 k
3
20 10
⇒ I X =  m ⇒ IX  = _   1   mA
3 3 2
4
2 k∥4 k = kΩ
3
( 8 m − 3 m − 3 IX  )(_   4 k)
3 = 2 mA
IL  = __________________________
        
  4 k + 1 k
_
3
1 kΩ 6 kΩ
2 Vx 12 A
k k
+
2 kΩ
Vx
Io
−
FIGURE P2.8.2
Solution:
Vx  = 2 k[______________ ] =    

( 12 m − 2 m Vx  ) 6 k 2(72 − 12 Vx  )
___________
          
6k + 3k 9
⇒ 33 Vx  = 144 ⇒ Vx  = 4.36 V
( 12 m − 2 m Vx  ) ( 3 k)
Io  = ________________
         = 1.091 mA
3k + 6k
4Ω
3Ω 7A 3 Vx
+
7Ω
Io Vx
–
FIGURE P2.8.3

Solution:
2.8.4 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P2.8.4.
1Ω
Vx
2Ω 2Ω 2A Vo
2 +
3Ω
Vx
−
−
FIGURE P2.8.4
Solution:
 4  Ω
2 ∥ 2 ∥ (3 + 1)= 1 ∥ 4 = _
5
V  ( 3)
VX  = _
  o  
4
   )= (
8 )( 5 )
Vo  = (   x )(_
V  4 V  (3) _
2−_ 2−_
  o     4 
2 5
⇒ 40 Vo  = ( 16 − 3Vo  )4
⇒ 13 Vo  = 16 ⇒ Vo  = _   16  = 1.231 V
13
1 kΩ 1 kΩ
6 mA 2Vx 2 mA
k +
Io 1 kΩ
Vx
FIGURE P2.8.5

Solution:
1k 1k
V
6m 2 x + 2m VS
k
Vx 1k
Io
− −
V  VS 
6 m + 2 mVx  = _
  S   + _
   + 2 m
1k 2k
V 
Vx  = _
  S 
2
V 
⇒  _S = 4 ⇒ VS  = 8 V
2
V 
Io  = _
  S   = 8 mA
1k
2.8.6 Find Vs in the network in Fig. P2.8.6.
1 kΩ 1 kΩ
4Vx
4 mA VS
k
+
1 kΩ
Vx
−
−
FIGURE P2.8.6
Solution:
 2  kΩ
2 k ∥ 1 k = _
3
Vs  = ( 4 m + 4 m Vx  )  _ 2 k
3
V 
Vx  = _   s 
2
⇒ Vs  = ( 4 m ⧸  + 2 m   2  ⧸ 
⧸  VS  ) _ k
3
⇒ Vs  = 4 V
4 kΩ
3 kΩ
6 mA 2Ix
3 kΩ
6 kΩ Io
Ix
FIGURE P2.8.7

Solution:
3 k ∥ 6 k = 2 kΩ
6m 4k
3k
I1
2Ix
3k 6k
Io
Ix
( 6 m − 2 Ix  ) 3 k ( 6 m − 2 Ix  ) 3 k

I1  = ____________
   
     = ___________
  
   
3 k + ( 4 k + 2 k) 9k
I  ( 6 k) _ I  (6 k) 3 Ix 
Ix  = _
  1   =   1   ⇒ I1  = _
   
3k + 6k 9k 2
3 I  (6 m − 2 Ix  )
⇒_    x =  _   12  mA
  ⇒ 13 Ix  = 12 m ⇒ Ix  = _
2 3 13
(
6 m −    m) 6 k
24
_ ( )
( 6 m − 2 Ix  )( 4 k + 2 k) _______________
13   = 2.769 mA
Io  = _________________
         =    
( 4 k + 2 k)+ 3 k 9k
2.8.8 Find I1, I2, and I3 in the circuit in Fig. P2.8.8.
I3 I2
I1 + Ω 2A + V
− −
I1
FIGURE P2.8.8
Solution:
2 I1  = 12 ⇒ I1  = 6 A
I2  = 2 − I1  = − 4 A
12
I3  = 2 − I2  − = 3 A
4
2.8.9 A typical transistor amplifier is shown in Fig. P2.8.9. Find the amplifier gain G (i.e., the ratio of the
output voltage to the input voltage).
100 Ω 4 kΩ
VS = 250 mV + 5 kΩ 500 Ω – 300 Ω Vo

– +
4× 105I
Ib b
−
FIGURE P2.8.9

Solution:
100 Ω
IS
VS = 250 mV + 5000 Ω = 5k || 500

– 11
Is  = _
  0.25   11   A
  = _
 5000  24,400
100 + _
11
I  ( 5 k)
Ib  = _
  S   1   A
  = _
5 k + 500 2440
− 4 × 10  5 Ib  ( 300)
Vo  = ______________
  
   = − 11.437
4 k + 300
V  − 11.437
G=_
  o  = _    = − 45.75 V⁄V
Vs  0.25
2.8.10 A single-stage transistor amplifier is modeled as shown in Fig. P2.8.10. Find the current in the
load RL.
RS = 1 kΩ
+
Rb = 250 Ω
VS = 250 mV 100Ib Ro = kΩ RL = 00 Ω
− Ib Io
FIGURE P2.8.10
Solution:
Vs 
Ib  = _
    0.25  = 0.2 mA
  = _
Rs  + Rb  1 k + 250
−100 Ib  ( 5 k)
Io  = _
    = −18.18 mA
5 k + 500
8Ω
I1 I2
60 V + 4Ω 6Ω 3I2 12 Ω 4.5 A
−
FIGURE P2.8.11
Solution:
8Ω
60 V + 4 Ω V1 6Ω 3I2 12 Ω 4.5 A
−
I1 − I2

    +   1 − 3(_
  1 ) + _
V  − 60 V1  _V  V  V 
KCL: _
  1   + _   1 − 4.5 = 0
8 4 6 6 12
→
I2 
⇒ V1  (_   1 )= 12
8
⇒ V1  = 96 V
V 
I1  = _
  1  = 24 A
4
2.8.12 Find the power supplied by the dependent current source in Fig. P2.8.12.
10 Ω
2A 5Ω Vx 0.4 Vx
10 Ω
FIGURE P2.8.12
Solution:


Vo
Io
2Ω
4A 2A 2Vx
+
1Ω
Vx
FIGURE P2.8.13
Solution:
V 
KCL: −4 + _
  o  + 2 − 2Vx  = 0
1+2
Vo  = Io  (1 + 2)

Vx  = Io  ( 1)
⇒ −4 + I o  + 2 − 2Io  = 0
⇒ Io  = −2 A
2.8.14 Find Vx in the network in Fig. P2.8.14.
Vo
1Ω
6Ω Ix 3Ω
4A 2 Ix
+
3Ω 6Ω 2Ω Vx
–
FIGURE P2.8.14
Solution:

2.8.15 If the power supplied by the 2-A current source in Fig. P2.8.15 is 50 W, calculate k.
5 Ω I1 2Ω 4Ω
50 V + 2A 5Ω kI1 2Ω
−
FIGURE P2.8.15
Solution:
5 Ω I1 2 Ω IB 4 Ω ID IE
+ V −
D
+ + +
50 V + 2A VA VC 5Ω kI1 VE 2Ω
−
− − −
P  A _
VA  = _
  2   =   50 = 25 V
2 2
50 − VA 
I1  = _
   = 5 A
5
IB  = I1  + 2 = 7 A
VC  = VA  − IB  (2)= 11 V
V 
ID  = IB  − _
  C = 4.8 A
5
VE  = VC  − ID  (4)= − 8.2 V
V 
IE  = _
  E = − 4.1 A
2
k I1  = ID  − IE  ⇒ k = 1.78
2.8.16 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P2.8.16.
Vo
−
Vx
1Ω 2Ω
+
2Vy 6A 4Vx
+
2Ω 2Ω
Vy
FIGURE P2.8.16

Solution:
V  V 
KCL: −2 Vy  + _
  o  − 6 + _
  o  + 4 Vx  = 0
1+2 2+2
− V  ( 1)
Vx  = _
  o  
1+2
V  ( 2)
Vy  = _
  o  
2+2
V  V  4 Vo 
⇒ − Vo  + _   o − 6 +  _o  −  _  = 0
3 4 3
⇒V o  (   −7 )= 6
___
4
⇒V o  = − 3.43 V
2.8.17 Find the power absorbed by the 12-kΩ resistor on the right side of the network in Fig. P2.8.17.
4 kΩ 12 kΩ
Vx
5 mA 2 kΩ Vo 12 kΩ
2000
+
Vx 3 kΩ
− −
FIGURE P2.8.17
Solution:
4 k ∥ 12 k = 3 kΩ
V  ( 3 k) _ V 
Vx  = _
  o   =   o 
3k + 3k 2
V  Vo  ⁄ 2 _ Vo  V 
KCL: − 5 m +  _o   + _
    +     + _
  o  = 0
2k 2k 3 k + 3 k 12 k
o  = 5 V
⇒V
V  2 
P1  2 kΩ = _
  o   = 2.083 mW
12 k
2.8.18 Find the value of Vs in the network in Fig. P2.8.18.
VS
1 kΩ 1 kΩ
−+
+ +
2Vx + 1 kΩ 1 kΩ Vx 1 kΩ 8V
−
− −
FIGURE P2.8.18

Solution:
VS
1 kΩ 1 kΩ
−+
I3 IS
+ + +
2Vx + 1 kΩ V2 1 kΩ Vx 1 kΩ 8V
−
I2 − I1
− −
  8 k = 8 mA
I1  = _
1
Vx  = I1  (1 k + 1 k)= 16 V
2Vx  = 32 V
V  − Vs 
V2  = Vx  − Vs  ⇒ I2  = _
  x
1k
2V  − V  Vx  + Vs 
I3  = _
  x  2 = _    
1k 1k
V 
Is  = _
  x  + I1 
1k
V
⟍   + V  V
⟍   − V  Vx 
I3  = I2  + IS  ⇒ _
  x  s − _   x  s = _    + I1 
1k 1k 1k
⇒ 2Vs  = 24 ⇒ Vs  = 12 V
© John Wiley & Sons, Inc. or the author, All rights reserved. Instructors who are authorized users of this
course are permitted to download these materials and use them in connection with the course. Except
as permitted herein or by law, no part of these materials should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording
or otherwise.

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CHAPTER 2

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 21 01-Feb-22 8:36:56 PM

​​P​R​ x​ ​​​​ = ​I​​ 2​ ​Rx​ ​​

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 22 01-Feb-22 8:36:57 PM

Section 2.2 Solutions

​ ​I1​ ​​+ 5 + 4 = 2 + 8 ⇒ ​I1​ ​​= 10 − 9 = ​1 A​​

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 23 01-Feb-22 8:36:58 PM

2.2.2 Find VBE and VDA in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.2.

​​V​ BE​​= −12 + 24 − 4 = ​8 V​​

2.2.4 Find I1 and I2 in the network in Fig. P2.2.4.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 24 01-Feb-22 8:36:59 PM

2.2.5 Find Vx and Vy in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.5.

2.2.6 Find Io and I1 in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.6.

​​Io​ ​​= 2 m + 4 m − 3 m = 3​ mA​

2.2.7 Find I1 in the network in Fig. P2.2.7.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 25 01-Feb-22 8:37:00 PM

2.2.8 Find Ix in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.8.

​Ix​ ​​+ 12 m = 4​Ix​ ​​ + 3 m

2.2.9 Find Ix in the network in Fig. P2.2.9.

​Ix​ ​​+ 4 m + 3​Ix​ ​​ = 2​Ix​ ​​ + 12 m

2.2.10 Find Vbd in the circuit in Fig. P2.2.10.

​Vb​ d​​= 5 + 2 = ​7 V​​

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 26 01-Feb-22 8:37:02 PM

2.2.13 Find I1 in the network in Fig. P2.2.13.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 27 01-Feb-22 8:37:03 PM

2.2.14 Find I1, I2, and I3 in the network in Fig. P2.2.14.

⇒ ​I3​ ​​= 18 m + 12 m = ​30 mA​

2.2.15 Find V1, V2, and V3 in the network in Fig. P2.2.15.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 28 01-Feb-22 8:37:04 PM

Section 2.3 Solutions

2.3.2 If Vo = 5 V in the circuit in Fig. P2.3.2, find Vs.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 29 01-Feb-22 8:37:06 PM

2.3.4 In the network in Fig. P2.3.4, find VS if Veb = 6 V.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 30 01-Feb-22 8:37:07 PM

2.3.5 Find VS in the circuit in Fig. P2.3.5, if Vbe = 25 V.

2.3.6 Find VA in the network in Fig. P2.3.6.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 31 01-Feb-22 8:37:09 PM

2.3.7 Find V1 in the network in Fig. P2.3.7.

​​Vb​ ​​ = 4 kI V​a​ ​​= −2 kI

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 32 01-Feb-22 8:37:10 PM

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 33 01-Feb-22 8:37:12 PM

​Vx​ ​​ = − I​(2 k + 6 k)​= − 8 kI

2.3.11 Find Vo in the circuit in Fig. P2.3.11.

2.3.12 Find Vo in the network in Fig. P2.3.12.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 34 01-Feb-22 8:37:13 PM

​VA​ ​​= − 2(2)​= −4 V

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 35 01-Feb-22 8:37:14 PM

Section 2.4 Solutions

​ 12 m​​ 3 k ​​ = ​6 mA​​

2.4.2 Find Io in the network in Fig P2.4.2.

2.4.3 Find the current IA in the circuit in Fig. P2.4.3.

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 36 01-Feb-22 8:37:16 PM

Section 2.5 Solutions

​ ​​= 1 k + [​ 4 k ∥ ​{2 k + (​ 3k ∥ 6k)​}​]​

2.5.2 Find RAB in the circuit in Fig. P2.5.2.

18k (3k + ( 17k

​RA​ B​​= 5 k + (1694)​​k = ​9.195 kΩ​​

c02SolutionsToProblems_V2.indd 37 01-Feb-22 8:37:17 PM

PR  x  = I  2 Rx 

I1  + 5 + 4 = 2 + 8 ⇒ I1  = 10 − 9 = 1 A

V BE= −12 + 24 − 4 = 8 V

Io  = 2 m + 4 m − 3 m = 3 mA

Ix  + 12 m = 4Ix  + 3 m

Ix  + 4 m + 3Ix  = 2Ix  + 12 m

Vb  d= 5 + 2 = 7 V

⇒ I3  = 18 m + 12 m = 30 mA

Vb  = 4 kI Va  = −2 kI

Vx  = − I(2 k + 6 k)= − 8 kI

VA  = − 2(2)= −4 V

  12 m 3 k   = 6 mA

  = 1 k + [ 4 k ∥ {2 k + ( 3k ∥ 6k)}]

RA  B= 5 k + (1694)k = 9.195 kΩ

RA  B= 2 k +2 k+ 2 k = 6 kΩ

4k (12k 6k) = 4 kΩ 12k

24k 24k = 12k 18k

(2k + 4k) (3k + 9k) = 4k

R T= 24 k + { (6 k + 4 k) ∥ 10 k}

12m 12k 6k + (12k 12k) = 12k

V  (4)

V  (R  ) 2k

Va  b = 2(−I2  ) + 5(I3  ) = 6 V

2(6) I  (4)

IS  = 19 m − 32 m = −13 mA

V S = 3(6 ∥ (3 + 3 + 3)) = _   54  V

R1  = R2  ⇒ VS  = 2(−V1  )

2.6.16 Find the value of IA in the network in Fig. P2.6.16.

V1  = 2 k(2 m) = 4 V

P5  V = 5(−2) = −10 W

V2  = I2  (2) = 8 V

R1  = { (4 + 12) ∥ (4 + 12)}+ 4 = 12 Ω

24(_   36 ) V 