Personality Development

1 of 2 sets

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Introverts?

A. introverts have lower level of arousal than extraverts for the same stimulus.
B. introverts can become overstimulated.
C. introverts are more easily conditioned to emotional stimuli than those high in neuroticism.
D. introverts are more impulsive than extraverts.
Answer:B

2. At what time of life does Erikson stage Industry vs. Inferiority occur?
A. old age
B. adolescence
o m
C. infancy
. c
D. school age
te
Answer:D a
q M
c
3. If a young adult sees stealing as wrong because of the harm it brings to someone,
M
which of Kolberg?s stages are they displaying?
A. punishment and obedience orientation
B. good boy?good girl orientation
C. legalistic orientation
D. social order orientation
Answer:C

4. Bob hasn?t missed a day of work since he started his job three years ago. Every
morning he comes in with a smile on his face that remains there until he leaves. He
works for a charity and it gives him great satisfaction to know that he?s helping
others. He loves his job. Bob is most likely
A. a workaholic
B. driven by protestant work ethic
C. burned out
D. work enthusiast
Answer:D
5. A relationship based on a previous friendship that developed into lovers is
characteristic of what love style?
A. agape
B. storge
C. ludus
D. pragma
Answer:B

6. A mother and her infant son are being tested by Aisworth?s Strange Situation
procedure. After the mother has left and comes back onto the room the child acts
like he is mad at the mother. This child is said to be?
A. secure
B. anxious
C. highly neurotic
D. avoidant
Answer:D

7. Some people crave high levels of arousal through high levels of stimulation. They
are said to be
A. sensation seekers
B. excitation transfers
C. securely attached
D. inhibited
Answer:A

8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a Protestant Work Ethic?

A. hard work
B. high in delay of gratification
C. do not value leisure
D. spend a lot of money
Answer:D

9. James Marcia?s 4 identity stages are:

A. diffusion, foreclosure, achievement, longitudinal achievement
B. diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, longitudinal achievement
C. identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, moratorium, identity achievement

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 D. identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity achievement, identity attachment
Answer:B

10. According to Erikson?s eight stages of psychosocial development, during which

age does the psychological stage of trust vs. mistrust develop?
A. early childhood
B. infancy
C. adolescence
D. adulthood
Answer:B

11. Which one(s) is (are) myths about heredity?

A. if the heritability of a trait is high, it shows that society has had little influence on the trait
B. heredity means that the person will not change
C. if a trait is inherited, it will have similar effects in the various people who inherit it.
D. all of the above
Answer:D

12. Which love style does this example fir? "I try to keep lover a little uncertain
about my commitment to him/her".
A. pragma
B. agape
C. storge
D. ludus
Answer:D

13. Bill Clinton displays what form of political personality?

A. paranoid
B. passive-independent
C. active-independent
D. active-dependent
Answer:D

14. Which of the following would be true of birth order?

A. first born and only children are higher in achievement motivation
B. young children are more relation oriented.

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 C. having younger siblings increases power motivation.
D. all of the above
Answer:D

15. Which of the following would be an evolved trait(s)?

A. tendency to overeat
B. quick response to danger
C. aggression in men
D. all of the above
Answer:D

16. A "strange-situation" setting is developed in a lab. After a mother and her

young child are playing and interacting with each other as they so often do, the
mother suddenly leaves. The observer witnesses the child becoming hysterical and
upset, and when the mother returns, the child will not let go of her. The child is
said to be
A. securely attached
B. anxiously attached
C. avoidantly attached
D. completely attached
Answer:B

17. Which of the following is a way to measure activity level in an infant?

A. how often they smile
B. how much they sleep
C. how much they want to be held
D. all of the above
Answer:B

18. Ever since Roxanne could remember, she had always wanted to be an Olympic
gymnast?never once had she suggested anything else! In grade school, she asked
parents to send her to gymnast team. When her friend asked her to go to "career
day", Roxanne said that she didn?t need to. According to Marcia, she is
demonstrating
A. identity achievement
B. identity diffusion
C. identity foreclosure

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 D. moratorium
Answer:C

19. John and Jane have two children?Billy, 21 and Jerome who?s only 10. Which
of the following statement is probably true?
A. billy has low n affil and high n ach
B. birth order has no impact on personality
C. jerome has high n ach and high n power
D. jerome?s personality will drastically change as he becomes older
Answer:A

20. According to James Marcia, a person who has never doubted what they wanted
to become and so never explored other options is considered to be
A. in moratorium
B. identity achieved
C. identity foreclosed
D. in identity diffusion status
Answer:C

21. Which one of the following descriptions is best associated with Protestant Work
Ethic?
A. always attributes success to ability
B. tends to spend money a lot
C. belief in the value of hard work
D. take credit for the work of others
Answer:C

22. The identity status that Marcia came up with that involved the early acceptance
of choice is what?
A. identity diffusion
B. identity foreclosure
C. moratorium
D. identity achievement
Answer:B

23. Which would stress the idea of delay of gratification?

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 A. workaholic
B. work enthusiast
C. protestant work ethic
D. perfectionist
Answer:C

24. Which style of love matches this statement "I try to keep my lover a little
uncertain about my commitment to him/her"?
A. eros
B. ludus
C. storge
D. pragma
Answer:B

25. Kathryn Mazzaferro Of the following, which is not considered a delay of

gratification?
A. receiving a decent job, but holding out for a job with more pay and better hours
B. going to college
C. wanting to buy an article of clothes, but instead waiting for it to go on sale
D. buying a national enquirer in the check out line at the grocery store
Answer:D

26. What aspect(s) of personality are believed to have evolved in humans?

A. overeating
B. quick response to danger
C. aggression in men
D. all of the above
Answer:D

27. People high in the trait of ________ are more easily conditioned with emotional
stimuli.
A. neuroticism
B. extraversion
C. psychoticism
D. agreeableness
Answer:A

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28. The research strategy for assessing personality stability that studies two or
more groups assumed to be at different stages of development is
A. stratification
B. cross-sectional
C. binominal
D. longitudinal
Answer:B

29. _________ vs. _________ achieved a high .75 on the heritability of Cattell?s 16
PF.
A. relaxed vs. tense
B. conservative vs. liberal
C. concrete vs. abstract
D. sober vs. enthusiastic
Answer:C

30. Which of the following is NOT one of the Erikson?s stages of psychosocial
development?
A. industry vs. inferiority
B. intimacy vs. isolation
C. trust vs. mistrust
D. life vs. death
Answer:D

31. A baby being measured for attachment using Ainsworth?s Strange-situation

procedure appears to be extremely clinging and attached to the mother?s side
when she comes back into the room. This baby would be classified as
A. secure
B. anxious
C. happy
D. avoidant
Answer:B

32. Generativity is best described as

A. part of erikson?s later adulthood stage
B. a desire to help others

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 C. the ability to make general observations
D. both a and b
Answer:D

33. Ainsworth?s three types of attachment in an infant?s "strange situation" are

A. secure, avoidant, anxious
B. secure, avoidant, achievement
C. generativity, avoidant, achievement
D. secure, active, anxious
Answer:A

34. The part of personality development where one seems to have no evidence of
exploration and also does not have a clear identity is
A. identity diffusion
B. identity foreclosure
C. moratorium
D. identity achievement
Answer:A

35. According to James Marcia?s identity statuses, which of the following is NOT
an identity status?
A. identity foreclosure
B. identity association
C. moratorium
D. identity diffusion
Answer:B

36. George is in preschool. His teachers notice that he is hyper?likes to jump

around a lot and cannot sit still during nap time. George is probably
A. high in sociability
B. anxious attached child
C. introvert
D. high in activity level
Answer:D

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37. Dennis always wanted to be a doctor. His parents pushed him in biology and
chemistry. When he applied for college, he declared his major as pre-medical and
only took classes that would help him to get into Medical School. According to the
identity status paradigm, Dennis is in which stage?
A. identity foreclosure
B. moratorium
C. identity diffusion
D. identity lease
Answer:A

38. An identity that results in an individual exploring different options before

making a decision is said to be
A. identity diffusion
B. identity foreclosure
C. moratorium
D. negative identity
Answer:C

39. The idea that you can assess someone’s personality by studying their face is
called:
A. phrenology
B. physiology
C. somatology
D. physiognomy
Answer:B

40. Humanistic psychologists explained

A. human traits
B. humanity
C. sociology
D. can’t say
Answer:A

41. Extraverts have ________ participation

A. mental
B. social

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 C. physical
D. none of these
Answer:B

42. traits could be organized into three levels:

A. primary, secondary, tertiary
B. cognitive, emotional, physiological
C. id, ego, superego
D. cardinal, central, secondary
Answer:A

43. Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five traits?
A. sense of humour
B. openness to experience
C. conscientiousness
D. extraversion
Answer:B

44. The ________ approach to understanding human behaviour.

A. palliative
B. psychodynamic
C. patronymic
D. psychedelic
Answer:B

45. The influence of parents on the personality of their children is:

A. non-existent
B. weakest in early childhood
C. strongest in early childhood
D. consistent across the lifespan
Answer:C

46. A good command over a ……..is need of speech

A. practice
B. language

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 C. gestures
D. activity
Answer:B

47. Few…. traits can not changed.

A. new
B. inborn
C. adopted
D. natural
Answer:B

48. Which of the following characteristics describe someone who, according to

Maslow, is self-actualized?
A. creativity
B. confidence
C. spontaneity
D. all of the above
Answer:B

49. One can express through…….

A. oral
B. writtien
C. gesture
D. all the above
Answer:D

50. Psychometric tests claim give information about:

A. career interest
B. intellectual attainment
C. unconscious passion
D. all the above
Answer:A

51. People with different body types have different personalities has been:
A. supported by research
B. discredited

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 C. shown to be accurate for thin people but not overweight people
D. shown to be accurate for women but not for men
Answer:A

52. Which of the following is not a defence mechanism?

A. projection
B. regression
C. ingratiation
D. sublimation
Answer:D

53. Rohan is self-disciplined, focused on achievement and keen to do his duty.

He would be
expected to score highly on:
A. neuroticism
B. agreeableness
C. extraversion
D. conscientiousness
Answer:D

54. ________ are the basic biological units that transmit characteristics from one
generation to the next:
A. genes
B. neurons
C. glia
D. instincts
Answer:B

55. Which of the following would NOT be useful to a behavioural geneticist?

A. family studies
B. case studies
C. adoption studies
D. twin studies
Answer:D

56. Thinking oneself very different is…..

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 A. superego
B. self motivation
C. pleasure
D. reality,
Answer:A

57. Lana is friendly, always willing to help others and compassionate. We would
expect Lana to score highly on:
A. extraversion
B. agreeableness
C. neuroticism
D. openness to experience
Answer:A

58. A syllogism is a form of

A. inductive reasoning
B. illogical reasoning
C. independent reasoning
D. deductive reasoning
Answer:D

59. Most people categorize most rapidly at the _____ level of hierarchy
A. hyperordinate
B. superordinate
C. subordinate
D. basic
Answer:B

60. Humans think using

A. emotions and feelings
B. emotions and images
C. mental images and concept
D. feelings and concept
Answer:C

61. Which of the following is the smallest unit within a language system?

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 A. sentence
B. grapheme
C. morpheme
D. phoneme
Answer:D

62. What is the nature of the relationship between language and thought according
to the strong version of linguistic relativity hypothesis?
A. there is two directional interaction between language and thought
B. language interacts with thought
C. thought is required for language
D. language determines thought
Answer:D

63. What is the nature of the relationship between language and thought according
to the weak version of linguistic relativity hypothesis?
A. there is two directional interaction between language and thought
B. language only interacts with thought
C. there is two directional interaction between language and thought
D. language determines thought
Answer:B

64. Damage to which area of brain can impair general planning ability according
to Owen?
A. hippocampus
B. cerebellum
C. prefrontal cortex
D. hypothalamus
Answer:C

65. Reasoning involving moving from specific facts to a conclusion is also known as
A. conditional reasoning
B. ill-defined problem
C. deductive reasoning
D. inductive reasoning
Answer:D

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66. All of the following represent components of natural language use except
A. syntax
B. pragmatics
C. mnemonics
D. semantics
Answer:C

67. When related sentences are put together to make a sensible message, this is
referred to as
A. context
B. semantics
C. pragmatics
D. discourse
Answer:D

68. The common term used to describe all types of language loss is
A. dyslexia
B. aphasia
C. dysphasia
D. lexphasia
Answer:B

69. Which of the following is an example of people's reliance on the

representativeness heuristics to make decisions or judgements?
A. people report that they did more than 50% of the work in domestic situations
B. people tend top overestimate car accidents
C. people are more likely to attribute a case of heartburn to spicy food than bland food
D. people tend to underestimate death from diabetes
Answer:C

70. All of the following qualities describe reasoning by intuition except

A. occurs automatically
B. fast analysis of information
C. strong feeling of conviction
D. logical analysis

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Answer:D

71. The temporary inability to retrieve a word that is well known to us is referred
to as
A. recency effect
B. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
C. wernicke\s aphasia
D. broca\s aphasia
Answer:B

72. Availability heuristic is not

A. influenced by imagination
B. influenced by information stored in memory
C. subject to hindsight bias
D. influenced by the underlying possibilities
Answer:D

73. Chomsky proposed that children learn a language

A. because they possess learnt words
B. because they possess an innate language acquisition device
C. language and thought are separate and independent processess
D. one\s thought determines the nature of one\s language
Answer:B

74. The term cognition includes

A. thinking, problem solving, reasoning and dreaming
B. classical and instrumental conditioning
C. attention and perception
D. use of memory systems
Answer:A

75. A student taking multiple choice test by reading the stem of each item,
generating the correct response closest to the answer is using
A. vicarious problem solving
B. semantics
C. heuristics

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 D. ideal solution
Answer:C

76. Set of rules for structuring sentences is called

A. grammar
B. linguistic determinants
C. morphemes
D. phonemes
Answer:A

77. ______ thinking goes from general principles to specific facts

A. divergent
B. inductive
C. deductive
D. convergent
Answer:C

78. A perceptual set that causes one to become hung up on wrong solutions or
remain blind to alternatives is called
A. fixation
B. incubation
C. creative thinking
D. conditional thinking
Answer:A

79. General 'mental short cuts' or quick decision making rules could be considered
what type of problem solving strategy?
A. heuristics
B. ideal strategy
C. brainstorming
D. graphical representations
Answer:A

80. Which of the following is the final step in problem solving?

A. identify the problem
B. selecting one effective solution

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 C. generate potential solution
D. evaluation of each solution
Answer:B

81. Which of the following is the first step in problem solving?

A. identify the problem
B. selecting one effective solution
C. generate potential solution
D. evaluation of each solution
Answer:A

82. In order for something to be creative, it should be useful,

A. self-explanatory and clever
B. original and surprising
C. flexible and inspiring
D. valuable and unique
Answer:B

83. Creativity includes

A. convergent thinking
B. divergent thinking
C. deductive thinking
D. inductive reasoning
Answer:B

84. Unconscious thought process involved in creative thinking is at work in this

stage
A. illumination
B. evaluation
C. incubation
D. preparation
Answer:C

85. Incoming sensory information must go through this sequence in order to be

remembered
A. storage, encoding, retrieval

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 B. storage, encoding, retrieval
C. encoding, storage, retrieval
D. encoding, retrieval, storage
Answer:C

86. Which of the measures of retention is considered the most sensitive?

A. recognition
B. free recall
C. recall
D. relearning
Answer:D

87. How to measure explicit memory?

A. recalling method
B. recognition method
C. relearning method
D. all of the above
Answer:A

88. The entry point of memory- the initial stage of the memory system in which all
of
the stimuli that bombard our senses are retained in their original sensory form for
a
very brief time
A. sensory memory
B. long term memory
C. short term memory
D. implicit memory
Answer:A

89. Rehearsal is the process of actively manipulating information so that it can be

retained in memory. There are two main types of rehearsal, they are
A. sustenance and maintenance rehearsal
B. specific and non-specific rehearsal
C. maintenance and elaborative rehearsal
D. elaborative and specific rehearsal

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Answer:C

90. The process of linking new information in a meaningful way with information
already stored in memory or with other new information; to aid in its storage and
retrieval from long term memory
A. maintenance rehearsal
B. elaborative rehearsal
C. non-specific rehearsal
D. sustenance rehearsal
Answer:B

91. The relatively permanent memory system that holds vast amount of
information for a long period of time
A. sensory memory
B. long term memory
C. short term memory
D. iconic memory
Answer:B

92. Psychologists have distinguished between two types of long term memory
storage. They are called
A. assertive and procedural memory
B. declarative and assertive memory
C. assertive and interrogatory memory
D. declarative and non-declarative memory
Answer:D

93. The declarative memory system that holds information about specific events or
personal experiences; the declarative memory system that stores the information
we
have about the world
A. episodic; semantic
B. semantic; episodic
C. procedural; explicit
D. explicit; procedural
Answer:A

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94. A clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
A. echoic memory
B. flash bulb memory
C. implicit memory
D. explicit memory
Answer:B

95. The persistence of learning over time through the encoding , storage and
retrieval of information
A. memory
B. learning
C. serial position effect
D. semantic learning
Answer:A

96. Unconscious encoding of incidental information

A. effortful processing
B. rehearsal processing
C. chunking processing
D. automatic processing
Answer:D

97. The most common effortful processing technique where information is repeated
A. mnemonics
B. recall
C. recognition
D. rehearsal
Answer:D

98. Encoding information from its sound

A. iconic
B. echoic
C. semantic
D. recall
Answer:B

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99. Encoding information by picturing it in our mind
A. echoic
B. semantic
C. iconic
D. deja
Answer:C

100. Organizing items into familiar, manageable units

A. mnemonics
B. chunking
C. relearning
D. recall
Answer:B

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