1.

Radiation refers to the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles
through space or a medium.

2. There are several types of radiation, including electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light,
radio waves, microwaves, and X-rays) and particle radiation (such as alpha particles, beta particles,
and neutrons).

3. Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons
from atoms, creating ions. Examples of ionizing radiation include X-rays, gamma rays, and certain
types of particle radiation.

4. Non-ionizing radiation has lower energy levels and does not have enough energy to ionize atoms.
Examples of non-ionizing radiation include ultraviolet (UV) light, infrared (IR) radiation, microwaves,
and radio waves.

5. Radiation is naturally occurring and can also be man-made. Natural sources of radiation include
cosmic radiation from space, radioactive elements in the Earth's crust, and radon gas. Man-made
sources include medical X-rays, nuclear power plants, and radioactive materials used in industry.

6. Radiation can have beneficial applications, such as medical imaging (X-rays, CT scans), cancer
therapy (radiation therapy), sterilization of medical equipment, food irradiation for preservation,
and energy production in nuclear power plants.

7. However, exposure to high levels of radiation can be harmful to living organisms, causing damage
to cells and DNA, leading to health effects such as radiation sickness, increased cancer risk,
genetic mutations, and tissue damage.

8. The effects of radiation exposure depend on factors such as the type of radiation, dose received,
duration of exposure, and the sensitivity of the exposed organism or tissue.

9. Radiation protection measures include shielding (such as lead aprons in X-ray rooms), time
limits for exposure, distance from radiation sources, monitoring radiation levels, and using personal
protective equipment (PPE) when working with radioactive materials.
10. Regulations and guidelines set by national and international organizations, such as the
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Commission on Radiological
Protection (ICRP), help ensure the safe use of radiation in various applications while minimizing
risks to human health and the environment.