O.

E-OGODO (MRS)
 Lecture Content
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 Applications of Computer in different sectors:
 Home
 Banking
 E-commerce
 Healthcare
 Arts/Media/Entertainment
 Agriculture
 Government
 Retail
 Law Enforcement, etc
 Home
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 Computers are used at  Computers help the
homes for several purposes
like online bill payment, student community to
watching movies or shows avail online educational
at home, home tutoring, support.
social media access, playing
games, internet access, etc.
 They provide
communication through
electronic mail.
 They help to avail remote
work from home facility for
corporate employees.
 Retail Industry
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 Retail is the sale of goods to the public in relatively small quantities
for use or consumption rather than for resale. Supermarkets are
retail outlets.
 Supermarkets use a number of general purpose ICT systems for a
range of applications. They use stock control systems and point of
sale (POS) terminals also known as checkouts.
 The POS and stock control systems are connected to the
supermarkets main computer.
 A Barcode reader to scan item bar codes, Printers to print receipts
and bar codes and Monitor to view scanned items.
 Sales made at each check out or POS terminal are recorded in the
product information file as the goods are sold and stock levels
down.
If the stock levels get to the reorder level the supplier is
automatically contacted and requested to send more items.
Retail Sales Software
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 Banking & Finance

 Computers are used for financial record-keeping, payroll
processing, and managing accounts payable and
receivable.
 Modeling and analysis of financial data are done using
specialized software.
 Computers enable online transactions, banking services,
and e-commerce platforms.
 In the banking sector, computers are used to store details
of customers and conduct transactions, such as
withdrawal and deposit of money through ATMs.
 Banks have reduced manual errors and expenses to a
great extent through extensive use of computers.
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 Business & E-commerce
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 Nowadays, computers are totally integrated into business. The
main objective of business is transaction processing, which
involves transactions with suppliers, employees or customers.
 Computers can make these transactions easy and accurate.
People can analyze investments, sales, expenses, markets and
other aspects of business using computers.
 Online marketing and E-commerce has seen a great revolution
in its ability to sell various products to inaccessible corners like
interior or rural areas. Much more online business growth from
the application of computers such as Jumia, Konga, etc.
 Stock markets have seen phenomenal participation from
different levels of people through the use of computers.
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 Education
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 Computers facilitate online courses, educational
software, education sector through online classes,
online examinations, referring e-books, online
tutoring, etc. and digital resources for interactive
learning.
 Students and researchers use computers for data
analysis, literature review, projects, assignments and
accessing vast educational databases.
 They help in increased use of audio-visual aids in the
education field like the use of Microsoft PowerPoint
presentation software
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 Healthcare
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 Computers store patient information, medical histories, and aid
in managing healthcare data efficiently.
 Computers assist in interpreting medical images like X-rays,
MRIs, and CT scans for diagnosis.
 Computational models aid in drug discovery, molecular
modeling, and simulating drug interactions.
 Computers are used in hospitals to maintain a database of
patients’ history, diagnosis, X-rays, live monitoring of patients,
etc.
 Surgeons nowadays use robotic surgical devices to perform
delicate operations, and conduct surgeries remotely.
 Virtual reality technologies are also used for training purposes.
It also helps to monitor the fetus inside the mother’s womb.
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 Government
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 In government sectors, computers are used in data
processing, maintaining a database of citizens and
supporting a paperless environment.
 The country’s defense organizations have greatly
benefitted from computers in their use for missile
development, satellites, rocket launches, etc.
 Computers are used for official correspondence,
budgeting, accounts, reporting, payroll, attendance,
uploading of various schemes, forms, etc.
 Sectors like the census bureau, Income TAX, airline and
railway, and electricity board of telephone exchanges are
benefiting from computer technology.
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 Law Enforcement
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 The application of computers can create close resembling
photographs of criminals. This helps law enforcement
officers to identify the criminals.
 The police use the DNA fingerprinting technique to
identify the accused with the help of skin, hair, or blood
samples collected from the site of the crime.
 The traffic police use speed cameras on traffic lights to
monitor people for law violations.
 The police also use computers to track the information of
stolen automobiles and mobile phones in order to catch
criminals in no time.
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 Science & Research
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 The computer is facilitating research work in a
tremendous way by performing complex computations,
which sometimes seem impossible for humans. Some of
them are listed below:-
 The computations required for launching a new satellite
into space in one such example.
 Earthquakes and Tsunami warnings are possible with the
aid of computers.
 Weather forecasting is done with the help of computers.
 Impact of nuclear tests can be studied using computers.
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Entertainment, Media &
Arts
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 Computers power video game development, rendering
graphics, and providing immersive gaming experiences.
 Editing, animation, special effects, and production of movies,
music, and other digital content rely heavily on computers.
 Computers help to watch movies online, play games online; act
as a virtual entertainer in playing games, listening to music, etc.
 MIDI instruments greatly help people in the entertainment
industry in recording music with artificial instruments. Videos
can be fed from computers to full screen televisions. Photo
editors are available with fabulous features.
 Computers are extensively used in dance, photography, arts
and culture. The fluid movement of dance can be shown live
via animation. Photos can be digitized using computers.
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 Sports
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 Computers are also used in the field of sports. The
sports equipment used by athletes is first tested on
computers.
 There are several sports exercise equipment, which
have inbuilt programs to train sportspeople.
 The training of athletes is done with the aid of
computers, Scoreboards, recording speed of players,
Action replay, printing, and selling of tickets are also
done with the help of computers.
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 Communications
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 Internet and Email: Computers enable global communication
through email, instant messaging, video conferencing, and
social media.
 Telecommunications: Managing networks, routing data, and
handling telecommunications systems.
 Science & Engineering
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 CAD (Computer-Aided Design): Designing, modeling, and testing
of aerospace components and building structures.
 Computer simulations for pilot training and testing aircraft
performance.
 Computers with high performance are used to stimulate dynamic
process in Science and Engineering. Supercomputers have
numerous applications in area of Research and Development
(R&D).
 Topographic images can be created through computers. Scientists
use computers to plot and analyze data to have a better
understanding of earthquakes.
 Computers control manufacturing processes, robotics, and
assembly lines to enhance efficiency and precision.
 Tracking inventory, ordering supplies, and managing logistics
using computer systems.
Computer-Aided
Engineering
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 Manufacturing &
Engineering
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 The Application of computers has played a major
role in Computed Aided Design(CAD) and
Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) for designing
and manufacturing high-quality products like cars
and planes.
 Architects use computers for designing the layout of
buildings and viewing objects in detail.
 A robot is a big advancement in technology that is
used for skillful and repetitive work. Manufacturing
with the support of robots and computers is called
Computer Aided Manufacturing(CAM).
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 Agriculture
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 Computers aid in monitoring crop conditions, managing resources,
and optimizing agricultural practices for better yields.
 Computers are used for keeping records such as budget
information ,farm equipment inventories and animal health forms.
 Farm implements such as tractors, fertilizers sprayers have
computers that farmers can program to automatically adjust the
amount of fertilizers according to the requirements of soil and
crops which helps in improving soil and higher crop yield.
 With regard to livestock farming, ready-made computer
applications are available to track individual animals, storing and
evaluating information such as age, health records, milk
production, offspring productivity, and reproductive cycle status.
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 Aviation Industry
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 Today’s aeroplanes use a flight management system
(FMS), which is an embedded computer system capable
of automating in-flight tasks.
 The computer uses sensors to navigate the plane and
create a fast and safe flight plan which reduces the
workload for pilots and the rest of the crew.
 Auto-pilot system is already utilized to fly long-distance
planes with little help from a pilot.
 Passengers can book their tickets online, check in faster
using on-site kiosks, and enjoy in-flight entertainment like
never before.
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 Transportation
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 One common computer used in land transportation
today is the Global Positioning System, or GPS. This
form of car navigation is used for everyday travel for
many people & companies like Uber, Bolt, Taxify, etc
 If a driver misses a turn, GPS car navigation systems
can quickly correct for the error with an updated
routing.
 Companies like GIG have websites that let people
book their road trips using their services. Computers
will be able to display ticket prices from different
destinations.
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 Military
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 The Application of computer plays a vital role in the design and
development of high-tech weapons for defense where absolute
accuracy is essential. The whole world saw the vast use of
computers in defense during the Gulf and Afghanistan wars
and also in the Iraq war.
 Computerized simulation exercises are very helpful in training
pilots. Computers are used to help in fighting terror by locating
unlawful elements in the world with high accuracy.
 With the use of computer technology, government around the
world can successfully execute their plans through effective
planning. The world saw how America was able to plan the
downfall of Osama and located him accurately.
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