ICA 1 Plumbing

AR 390 - ICA 1
PLUMBING &
SANITARY SYSTEMS
Ar. Aira Rowie Altovar-Muriel

ARE YOU READY?
OUTLINE
Plumbing Overview
Water Supply & Distribution
Sanitary Drainage System
Storm & Sewage Disposal System
Presentation by: Ar. Aira Rowie Altovar-Muriel

Plumbing Overview
Plumbing: The system of pipes, valves,
fixtures, and other apparatus of a water
supply or sewage system.
Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

SOURCE: https://www.bigrentz.com/blog/very-not-boring-history-plumbing
PHILIPPINE PLUMBING HISTORY
1902, the PLUMBING TRADE
was duly recognized by
the government.
18th -19th centuries,
In 1954
Republic Act No. 1378. On June
17th century.- organized the National Master 18, 1955, R.A. 1378, otherwise
known as the “PLUMBING LAW
Intamuros Plumbers Association of the
OF THE PHILIPPINES” was signed
Philippines (NAMPAP) and had it
by President Ramon
with the Securities and Exchange
Magsaysay.
Commission.
John F. Haas 1935,
Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No.

December 21, 1999 pursuant to 6541 otherwise known as the “Building November 28, 1967, the First
Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as Amendment to the National
Code of the Philippines” was passed
Plumbing Code was approved,
the Plumbing Law. with the “National Plumbing Code of
which affected the inclusion of In 1966-1969, the Board of Examiners
1959” “Asbestos-Cement Pipe” as an for Master Plumbers and the NAMPAP
approved plumbing material. prepared a Curriculum for Plumbing
In 1996, NAMPAP President JAIME M.
CABASE spearheaded the updating Engineering that was approved by
of the Revised National Plumbing the Department of Education and
Code. Finally, in October 1999, was first introduced at the Feati
NAMPAP submitted the Draft Code University.
to the Board of Master Plumbers
(BOMP) chaired by Engr.
FORTUNATO H. AMOSCO.
Components of Plumbing
Plumbing Functions as follows:
PLUMBING FIXTURES SANITARY STORM DRAINAGE FUEL GAS PIPING

WATER
DRAINAGE SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
CONTEMPORARY PLUMBING
Components & Flow in Water
Systems
USE
SOURCE Plumbing
SUPPLY
(Lakes, Rivers, DISTRIBUTION Fixtures
Water Mains,
Reservoirs)
Storage Tanks Pressure,Piping Networks
TREATMENT DISPOSAL COLLECTION

Sewage Plants, Natural Sanitary and Gravity, Piping Networks
Purification Storm Sewers
Systems
USE
SOURCE Plumbing
SUPPLY
Water Mains,
Reservoirs)

How well do
you spend
your water
during
showers?

I. Fundamentals of Water Supply
Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is
freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in
ice and groundwater.
Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in
rivers, lakes, and the atmosphere, and
an even smaller amount of the Earth's
freshwater (0.003%) is contained
within biological bodies and
manufactured products.

Hydrologic Cycle /
Water Cycle

Different types of water:
Freshwater
Water Coming
from Bodies of
Water except Seas
and Oceans
Saltwater
Water Coming
from Seas and
Oceans
Hard Water
Heavily Treated Water
Soft Water
Almost Fresh to Lightly
Treated Water

Mineral Water
Water Coming from the Springs
Distilled Water
Water that has many of its
impurities removed through
distillation. Distillation involves
boiling the water and then
condensing the steam into a clean
container.
Purified Water
Water that is mechanically filtered
or processed to be cleaned for
consumption
Alkaline Water
Water that contains alkaline
minerals. It is also less acidic than
regular drinking water and has a
higher pH
Tap Water
Water Coming from the TAP of
the Fixtures
Polluted Water
Water with presence of
POLLUTANTS.

Contaminated Water
Water with presence of
CONTAMINANTS.

Source of Water:
Water Supply: the supply of

purified water to a community,
usually including facilities for
storing and distributing this water,
as reservoirs and pipelines.




II. Water Distribution System
Means that portion of the
water supply system in
which water is conveyed
from the water treatment
plant or other supply
point to the premises of
the consumer.

Building Water
Distribution System
Normal Water Pneumatic Water Gravity Water

Pressure Suplly System Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel
Normal Water Pressure:

Water is directly
distributed using the
water pressure from the
public water main line

Pneumatic Water Supply:

A water supply system in
which water is distributed
from a water main or an
enclosed storage tank
under pressure from
compressed air.

Gravity Water System: A
water supply and
distribution system in
which the water source is
set at a height sufficient
to maintain adequate
supply pressure
throughout the water
distribution system.


Key Cock Faucet Compression Cock Faucet

Hose Bibb Self-Closing Faucet

PPR Pipe
A PPR pipe is a form of plastic pipe made from

a material known as polypropylene random
copolymer plastic. The material is similar to
that used in the manufacturing of water
supply materials for household purposes, but
it can be used to provide hot and cold
drinking water as well as for heating systems.
easy and quick to install

readily available in the market
cheaper compared to others
durable

Copper Pipe
Copper pipes are commonly used in the

construction industry for water supply lines
and refrigerant lines in HVAC (heating, cooling,
and air-conditioning) systems. Copper pipes
can be manufactured as soft or rigid copper
and offer excellent corrosion-resistance and
reliable connections.
Best for hot and cold water line

Quite costly compared to others


III. Plumbing Fixtures
PLUMBING FIXTURE: Any of various receptacles for
receiving water from a water system and discharging the
liquid waste into a drainage system.

Plumbing Fixtures
"2. Plumbing fixtures, devices and
appurtenances shall be supplied with water in
sufficient volume and pressure adequate to
function satisfactorily and without undue
noise."
"6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least

one water closet, one kitchen type sink, a
lavatory and a bathtub or shower to meet the
basic requirements of sanitation and personal
hygiene."

III. Plumbing Fixtures Soil Fixture
Water Closet: a toilet facility
maintained within a toilet
room for the purpose of
both defecation and
urination and which is
flushed with water.
“Water closets and urinals shall

be flushed by means of an
approved flush tank or flush
meter valve”

Types of Water Closet
Accrdg to Flushing
Flush Valve: the part of the

system that releases water
into the bowl to clear waste
Flush Tank: stores water and

refills the bowl after each
flush

Flush Valve Flush Tank
Advantage Disdvantage Advantage Disdvantage
Water Higher initial Affordable cost Inefficient

efficiency cost Easy water usage
Quick flushing Difficulty in installation Slower flushing
mechanism installation Quiet mechanism
Durability Noisy operation Need for
Ease of operation frequent
maintenance maintenance

Types of Water Closet
Accrdg to Mounting
Floor Mounted: typical

bowl-and-tank
configuration, with the tank
visible and the bowl
connected to the floor.
Wall Mounted: placed inside

the wall, with just the bowl
sticking out.
Floor Mounted Wall Mounted
Advantage Disdvantage Advantage Disdvantage
Simple Takes up more Minimalist, Inefficient

installation space classic design
Much cheaper More time Easier to clean
overall consuming to Space-saving
Easy to repair clean Adjustable
Non- height
adjustable Quieter
height

Types of Water Closet According to Flushing Action
A toilet bowl in which the flushing

water enters through the rim and
siphonic action initiated by a water jet
draws the content of the bowl through
the trapway.
A toilet bowl similar to the siphon-jet,

but having the flushing water directed
through the rim to create a vortex that
scours the bowl.

A toilet bowl similar to the siphon-jet,

but having a smaller water surface and
trapway.

A toilet bowl having a simple washout

action and emptying through a small,
irregular passage.

A toilet bowl design that does not use

siphoning in the trapway instead uses
a strong amount of water to create a
quick and powerful flush.

Types of Urinal

Types of Urinal
Wall-Hung Urinal: Wall urinals are popular in

both residential and commercial settings. This
type of urinal has a drain at or below foot level,
with the stream directed against the back
surface. There are several variations on this style,
some of which are simple porcelain models or
intricate.

Types of Urinal
Through Urinal: The trough urinal looks like an

animal feeding trough and has a design that
accommodates up to eight men. This type of
urinal is popular for commercial restrooms as
trough urinals take up the same space as bucket
urinals but are far less expensive. While more
economical in terms of plumbing and space, they
are less private. They are usually made of stainless
steel, but some porcelain trough urinals are
available.

Types of Urinal
Stall Urinal: A stall urinal is a kind of

urinal that either the floor or flange
supports. There are two kinds of stall
urinals out there in the market, and
these are the half-stall urinal and the
full-stall urinal. The former is supported
by a flange, while the latter is supported
by the floor.

Scullery Fixture
KITCHEN SINK: A basin

connected with water
supply and drainage system
for washing.

Scullery Fixture

Bathing Fixtures
LAVATORY: A bowl or basin

with running water for
washing the face and hands.

III. Plumbing Fixtures Bathing Fixtures
LAVATORY: A bowl or basin with

running water for washing the
face and hands.
Hot Water

Bathing Fixtures
BATH TUB: An oblong tub to

bathe in, esp. one that is a
permanent fixture in a
bathroom.

Bathing Fixtures
BATH TUB: An oblong tub to

bathe in, esp. one that is a
permanent fixture in a
bathroom.

Bathing Fixtures
SHOWER: A bath in which

water is sprayed on the
body from an overhead
nozzle or showerhead.

Bathing Fixtures
SHOWER: A bath in which water
is sprayed on the body from an
overhead nozzle or showerhead.

IV. Valves and Control Devices
VALVE: Any device for controlling and stopping the flow of

a liquid or gas by a movable part that opens, partially
obstructs, or shuts a passage, pipe, inlet, or outlet.

Valves and Control Devices

Types of Valves

Types of Valves

Valves and Control Devices

CORPORATION STOP: A valve controlling the flow of water or gas from a main
to a service pipe.
CURB COCK: A control valve for shutting off the water supply to a building in
case of an emergency, installed in a water service pipe and operated by means
of a long key inserted through a curb box.
CURB BOX: A vertical enclosure with a removable cover providing access to a
curb cock.
SHUTOFF VALVE: Any valve for shutting off the flow of water or gas from a
supply pipe.
WATER METER: A device for measuring and recording the quantity of water
that passes through a pipe.
FAUCET: A device for controlling the flow of a liquid from a pipe by opening or
closing an orifice.

V. PUMPS AND PUMPING SYSTEM
PUMP: A machine that

raises, transfers, or
compresses fluids or
gases by the suction or
pressure produced by a
piston, plunger, or set of
rotating vanes.

REVIEW TIME!
Which of the following is a fixture?
a. Gate Valve
b. Water Meter
c. Floor Drain
d. Coupling

REVIEW TIME!
Which of the following is a fixture?
a. Gate Valve
b. Water Meter
a part (such as a sink, toilet, faucet, etc.) that is
attached to a system of pipes that carry water
c. Floor Drain
through a building. d. Coupling

REVIEW TIME!
The process of making water more potable or useful by
purifying, clarifying, or softening.
A.Water Treatment
B.Water Analysis
C.Water Clearing
D.Water Cleansing

REVIEW TIME!
The process of making water more potable or useful by
purifying, clarifying, or softening.
any process that improves the A.Water Treatment

quality of water to make it
appropriate for a specific end-use. B.Water Analysis
C.Water Clearing
D.Water Cleansing

REVIEW TIME!
Any device for controlling or stopping the flow of liquid
or gas by a movable part that opens, partially obstructs,
or shuts a passage, pipe, inlet, or outlet
A.Control
B.Faucet
C.Valve
D.Trap

REVIEW TIME!
Any device for controlling or stopping the flow of liquid
or gas by a movable part that opens, partially obstructs,
or shuts a passage, pipe, inlet, or outlet
A.Control
B.Faucet
C.Valve
D.Trap

Systems
USE
SOURCE Plumbing
SUPPLY
Water Mains,
Reservoirs)

Plumbing and Sanitary System
SANITARY SYSTEM

WHAT IS A SANITARY
DRAINAGE SYSTEM?
A sanitary drainage system
generally consists of horizontal
branches, vertical stacks, a
building drain inside the
building, and a building sewer
from the building wall to the
point of disposal.

WHAT IS A SANITARY
DRAINAGE SYSTEM?
The drainage pipe of a plumbing
system take the waste water from
the plumbing fixtures and deliver
it to the sewer or some other
outlet (does not include the mains
of a public sewer system, public
sewage treatment, disposal plant

SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Sanitary Sewer
ge
Building Draina

WHAT IS A SANITARY
DRAINAGE SYSTEM?
Includes all the piping within public or private premises
DRAINAGE Conveys sewage or other liquid wastes to a legal point of
SYSTEM disposal
Does not include the mains of a public sewer system or a
public sewage treatment or disposal plant
The wastewater containing human excrement and liquid

SANITARY household waste
SEWAGE Domestic sewage

IN THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM...
Conveys the discharge of water

SOIL PIPE closet or fixtures having similar
functions, with or without the
discharges from other fixtures
to the building drain or building
sewer.
Conveys only waste water or

WASTE liquid waste, free of fecal
matter.
PIPE

Conveys the discharge of water

SOIL PIPE closet or fixtures having similar
functions, with or without the
discharges from other fixtures
to the building drain or building
sewer.

Conveys only waste water or

WASTE liquid waste, free of fecal
matter.
PIPE

PLUMBING MATERIALS
Four different styles: CAST IRON PIPE
1. standard
2. single hub Manufactured by reheating
3. double hub pig iron and blending it with
4. hubless other material of known
composition.
Cast iron soil pipe is used for
waste lines and venting.
It is cast in 5 feet length

PLUMBING MATERIALS
CAST IRON PIPE

PLUMBING MATERIALS
GALVANIZED STEEL / IRON PIPE
Made from mild carbon steel

and is galvanized to prevent
rust.
Uses:
hot and cold water supply
Types:
distribution,
Welded
certain drainage
Seamless
applications,
Joined with a threaded connection
vent installations.
Length : 20 feet
Size: 1/8 inches 20 inches diameter

PLUMBING MATERIALS
GALVANIZED STEEL / IRON PIPE

PLUMBING MATERIALS
COPPER PIPE
A seamless tube made from

almost pure copper
Type:
Rigid
Flexible
Uses:
Hot and Cold water
supply lines
certain drainage
applications, and venting

PLUMBING MATERIALS
Type K COPPER PIPE
thick walled, rigid or flexible
copper tubing
available in 20 foot lengths Type M
or 100 foot coils. thin walled, rigid
Diameter sizes range from copper tubing
1/4 inch to 12 inches. available in
20 foot lengths.
Type L
Diameter sizes are the
medium walled, rigid or
same as K.
flexible copper tubing
available in 20 foot lengths
or 100 foot coils.
Diameter sizes are the same
as K.
PLUMBING MATERIALS
COPPER PIPE

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE
Polyvinyl chloride ( PVC)
A synthetic thermoplastic
material made by polymerizing
vinyl chloride.
PVC pipe is cream or white colored
and used only for cold waterlines,
sanitary, drainage, and venting.
It comes in 10 and 20 feet lengths
Basic Forms:
Rigid
Flexible

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE (PVC)

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE
2. Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC).
Thermoplastic produced by
chlorination of polyvinyl chloride
resin
CPVC pipe is light or yellowish
colored
Used for hot & cold waterlines
It comes in 10 feet lengths

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE (CPVC)

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE
3 Polyethylene (PE
PE pipe is black
for hot and cold water lines and
sprinkler systems
It comes in 100 feet coils
Two variant:
HDPE
PEX

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE (PE)

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE
4. Polybutylene (PB).
PB pipe is black or dark gray
Used for cold water lines .
Length : 100 foot coils or more.
Diameter sizes range from 3/4 to 2
inches.
Costly, requires special fittings, and is
not widely used.

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE (PB)

PLUMBING MATERIALS
PLASTIC PIPE (PB)

PLUMBING MATERIALS
TEE
REDUCER
ELBOW
CAP

PLUMBING MATERIALS
UNION COUPLING

GENERAL REGULATIONS AND PRINCIPLES
Principle No. 14 - No substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive
mixture destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the
sewage-disposal process shall be allowed to enter the building drainage
system.
Principle No. 15 - Proper protection shall be provided to prevent

contamination of food, water, sterile goods and similar materials by
backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall
be connected indirectly with the building drainage system.
Principle No. 22 - Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which

may be deleterious to surface or sub-subface waters shall not be
discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered
innocuous through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment.

Where a plumbing fixtures are installed, it shall connect to:

- public or private sewer system

It shall be unlawful to deposit into the

plumbing system the following:
Ashes
Rags
Cinders
Solids
Grease
Flammable
Poisonous or explosive liquids
Gases
Oil
others

WHAT IS A SANITARY DISPOSAL SYSTEM?
Sanitary disposal means a

method of treating solid waste
so that it does not produce a
hazard to the public health or
safety or create a nuisance.

CAN YOU NAME SOME SANITARY OR
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM YOU ARE
FAMILIAR WITH?

TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
1. Privy
2. Cesspool
3. Seepage Pit
4. Portable Sanitary disposal
5. Septic Tank
6. Public Sewer Line

1. Privy *Cesspool and Privy are already obsolete
2. Cesspool
3. Seepage Pit
5. Septic Tank

1. Privy
2. Cesspool
3. Seepage Pit
5. Septic Tank
*Public Sewer Lineand Septic Tankare the
prevailing types and recommended by the
sanitary authorities
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM
Outside Privy- oldest form of

PRIVIES disposal of organic waste.
Consists of a vault constructed of
concrete for the collection of raw
sewage and a wooden shelter

a non-watertight lined excavation

CESSPOOL in the ground which receives the
discharge of a sanitary drainage
system, designed to retain the
organic matter but permitting the
liquid to seep through the pit
bottom and sides

a loosely lined excavation in the
SEEPAGE ground, which receives the
discharge of a septic tank;
PITS designed to permit effluent to
seep through pit bottom and
sides
Capacity - based on the quantity of liquid waste

and on the character and porosity of the
surrounding soil.
Strength - Brick lining shall have a minimum

compressive strength of 17225 kPa

a loosely lined excavation in the
SEEPAGE ground, which receives the
discharge of a septic tank;
PITS designed to permit effluent to
seep through pit bottom and
sides
**seepage pit is similar to a cesspool in

construction. It consists of a large pit lined with
concrete rings, or porous masonry block to
support the walls of the pit, and a surrounding
bed of gravel. The difference is that only
effluent that has come from a septic tank
enters a seepage pit.

PUBLIC SPACE SANITARY WASTE DISPOSAL
PORTABLE Failing to dispose of your liquid

refuse in compliance with
SANITARY relevant waste regulations can
WASTE create additional cost for your
DISPOSAL business as well as gaining the
bad reputation of not being an
environmentally responsible
business, especially in the
commercial sector and that is
why liquid waste disposal
companies are important.

PUBLIC SPACE SANITARY WASTE DISPOSAL
PORTABLE
SANITARY
WASTE
DISPOSAL
Portalet - A portapotty,
a portable toilet.

SEPTIC TANK
A watertight covered receptacle

designed and constructed to
receive the discharge of sewage
from a building sewer, separate
solids from the liquid, digest
organic matter and store digested
solids through a period of
detention, and allow the clarified
liquids to discharge for final
disposal

SEPTIC TANK
MINIMUM
DIMENSIONS
L = 1500mm
W = 900mm
D = 1200mm

SEPTIC TANK
MINIMUM
DIMENSIONS
L = 1500mm
W = 900mm
D = 1200mm
*Leaching chamber - Settling chamber

The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
(Republic Act No. 9275).
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL

REQUIREMENTS:
When liquid wastes containing excessive
amounts of grease, garbage, flammable
wastes, sand, or other ingredients which
may affect the operation of a private
sewage disposal system, an interceptor for
such waste shall be installed.
DISPOSAL:
Waste from interceptors may be discharged
to a septic tank or other primary system or
into a separate disposal system.
PUBLIC SEWER LINE
PUBLIC SEWER LINE
A public sewage system,

operated and maintained by the
government consisting of a
sewage treatment plant that
conveys the raw sewage from
Sanitary Sewer
buildings and houses to a
disposal system
3 TYPES OF SEWERLINES
Combination Public Sewer
Storm sewer line
Sanitary Sewer line

COMBINED SANITARY
SEWER AND
STORM SEWER

SANITARY SEWER AND STORM SEWER
STORM
SANITARY SEWER
SEWER

Where would
waste water go?
Sewage Treatment Plan (STP)
Some features of STP:
An aeration system
within the tank
A submersible mixer to
mix the waste;
A sludge waste pump
that aids in clarifying;
A decanter;
Blowers;
A fully electronic control
system, etc.
Sewage treatment is a type of wastewater treatment which aims to remove

contaminants from sewage to produce an effluent that is suitable for discharge to
the surrounding environment or an intended reuse application, thereby
preventing water pollution from raw sewage discharges.
The Activated Sludge Process
Involves a series of
stations where the raw
sewage must pass
through
First Phase- gets rid of

heavy materials with the
use of three different
filter houses
Second Phase- clarifies
the effluent
Third Phase- hardens the
sludge and converts it to
fertilizers Produces water
with 99-99.5% purity
VENTILLATION PIPING
SYSTEM

PIPE HANGER
PIPE HANGER: a bracket, clamp, clip,

or loop used to suspend pipes (as
from ceilings, overhead beams).

SAMPLE DETAIL FOR HANGER AND SUPPORT

PIPE HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

PIPE HANGERS AND SUPPORTS

CODE PROVISIONS FOR HANGERS & SUPPORTS
VERTICAL PIPING
Attachment - vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently
close intervals to keep the pipes in alignment and to carry its
weight and contents. Stacks shall be supported at their base
as follows:
1. Cast Iron Soil Pipe - Bell & Spigot and Hubless pipe shall
be supported at every storey or closer.
2. Screwed Pipe - Iron Pipe Size (IPS) shall be supported at
not less than every other storey height.
3. Copper Tubing - shall be supported at each storey or at
maximum intervals of 3 meters on center.
4. Lead Pipe - shall be supported at intervals not exceeding
1.20 meters at centers with a rigid vertical back-up.
5. Plastic Pipe - shall be supported at every one- (1) meter
interval.
VERTICAL PIPING
Attachment - vertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently
close intervals to keep the pipes in alignment and to carry its
weight and contents. Stacks shall be supported at their base
as follows:
1. Cast Iron Soil Pipe - Bell & Spigot and Hubless pipe shall
be supported at every storey or closer.
2. Screwed Pipe - Iron Pipe Size (IPS) shall be supported at
not less than every other storey height.
3. Copper Tubing - shall be supported at each storey or at
maximum intervals of 3 meters on center.
4. Lead Pipe - shall be supported at intervals not exceeding
1.20 meters at centers with a rigid vertical back-up.
5. Plastic Pipe - shall be supported at every one- (1) meter
interval.
HORIZONTAL PIPING
1. Supports - horizontal pipes shall be supported at sufficiently
close intervals to keep them in alignment and prevent sagging.
2. Cast Iron Soil Pipe - Where joints occur, suspended cast
iron soil pipe shall be supported at not more than 1.5 meters
intervals, except that pipe exceeding 1.5 meters length, may
be supported at not more than 3 meters intervals. Supports
shall be adequate to maintain alignment and to prevent
sagging and shall be placed within 0.45 meters of the hub or
joint. Hubless or compression gasket joints must be supported
at least at every other joint except that when the developed
length between supports exceeds 1.2 meters, they shall be
provided at each joint. Support shall also be provided at each
horizontal branch connection, placed on or immediately
adjacent to the coupling. Suspended lines shall be suitably
braced to prevent horizontal movement.
HORIZONTAL PIPING
3. Screwed Pipe - IPS except as provided in other Sections of
this Code, shall be supported at approximately 3.0 meters
intervals for piping 19 mm diameter and smaller and 3.6 meters
intervals for piping 25 mm and larger in diameter.
4. Copper Tubing - shall be supported at approximately 1.8
meters intervals for piping 38 mm diameter and smaller and 3.0
meters intervals for pipings 51 mm and larger in diameter.
5. Lead Pipe - shall be supported by stiff metal or wooden
backing for its entire length with hangers properly spaced.
6. In Ground - piping buried in the ground shall be laid on a firm
bed for its entire length, except where concrete cradle support is
provided, which is adequate and approved by the Administrative
Authority.
7. Plastic Tube - shall be supported by stiff metal or wood
backing with hangers in its entire length for small-size tubings up
to 38 mm diameter and without backings but with spaced metal
hangers at approved spacing for larger-size tubings. Presentation by: Ar. Aira Rowie Altovar-Muriel
HANGERS AND ANCHORS
1. Materials - for hangers and anchors shall be of
sufficient strength to maintain their proportional share
with the weight of the pipe and its content.
2. All pipings, fixtures and equipment shall be
adequately anchored or supported to the satisfaction
of the Administrative Authority

VENTILATION PIPING SYSTEM
VENT SYSTEM:
A system of pipes supplying a flow
of air to or from a drainage system or
providing a circulation of air within
the system to protect trap seals from
siphonage and back pressure.

VENT: A pipe connecting a drain near

one or more traps to a vent stack or
stack vent.

WHY DOES YOUR SANITARY
DRAINAGE NEED A PROPER
VENTILATION SYSTEM?
Prepared by Ar. Aira Rowie Altovar-Muriel

Ventilation of a plumbing system, is

ATMOSPHERIC
that portion of the drainage pipe
PRESSURE: The
installation, designed to maintain a
pressure exerted by the
balance atmospheric pressure inside the
system to prevent problems like: earth's atmosphere at
1. Trap seal loss any given point, usually
2. Retardation of flow expressed in terms of
3. Deterioration of the materials. the height of a column
of mercury.

PROBLEMS W/ IMPROPER VENT SYSTEM
1. TRAP SEAL LOSS: Can be attributed to inadequate ventilation of the trap

and the subsequent minus and plus pressures inside the system. Trap seal
loss may be attributed to any of the following factors:
Siphonage: Is the result of minus pressure in the drainage system.
Back Pressure: Is the result of plus pressure in the drainage system.
Evaporation: the process by which an element or compound transitions from
its liquid state to its gaseous state below the temperature at which it boils; in
particular, the process by which liquid water enters the atmosphere as water
vapor.
Capillary Action: A manifestation of surface tension by which the greater
adhesion of a liquid to a solid surface than internal cohesion of the liquid itself
causes the liquid to be elevated against a vertical surface.

PROBLEMS W/ IMPROPER VENT SYSTEM
2. RETARDATION OF FLOW: Without a vent to allow pressure to escape from

the plumbing system, harmful sewer gases can build up and make it difficult for
water to move through the pipes efficiently. A clogged plumbing vent creates
problems not because it doesn't allow air in, but because it won't let it out.
3. DETERIORATION OF MATERIALS: The systems deteriorate over the years

because of contaminant build-up within the system.

TERMINOLOGIES FOR
VENT SYSTEM

TERMINOLOGIES FOR
VENT SYSTEM

TERMINOLOGIES FOR VENT SYSTEM
WET VENT: An
oversized pipe
functioning both as a
soil or waste pipe and a
vent.

TERMINOLOGIES FOR VENT SYSTEM
FRESH AIR INLET: A vent pipe

admitting fresh air into the
drainage system of a building,
connected to the building drain
at or before the building trap.

TYPES OF VENT IN PLUMBING
CONTINUOUS VENT: A
vertical vent formed by a
continuation of a drain line to
which it connects.

BACK VENT: A vent installed

on the sewer side of a trap.

CIRCUIT VENT:A vent serving two

or more traps and extending from in
front of the last fixture connection of
a horizontal branch to the vent stack.
LOOP VENT: A circuit vent that
loops back and connects with a stack
vent instead of a vent stack.

INDIVIDUAL VENT: A vent

connecting a fixture drain to a main
or branch vent.

BRANCH VENT: A vent connecting

one or more individual vents with a
vent stack or stack vent.

COMMON VENT: A single vent

serving two fixture drains connected
at the same level.

RELIEF VENT: A vent that provides

circulation of air between a drainage
and a venting system by connecting
a vent stack to a horizontal drain
between the first fixture and the soil
or waste stack.

STORM DRAINAGE
SYSTEM

Storm Water System Elements
Gutter- Usually located along the entire perimeter of the roof
The Strainer or Roof Drain- Drain designed to receive water collecting

on the surface of a roof and to discharge it into a downspout. Designed
to prevent clogging.
Downspout- Located every 8 to 10 meters & at every corner of the roof (but, to avoid
clogging of pipes, it is best to locate them every 4 to 6 m)
Downspout and gutter sizes are based upon the maximum depth of rainfall
per hour falling upon a given roof area in square meters. An ave. 102 mm/hr
rainfall intensity is used around Metro Manila.
Shoe- At the bottom of the roof leader to direct rainwater towards the nearest catch ba
Catch Basin-
Downspouts should terminate in a catch basin (can serve more
than one downspout).
Delivers water to the sewers in the street via gravity
Area-Drain-Catch-Basin: also collects surface water
The Storm Line
Connects to each
catch basin
3 Major Systems of Collecting
Storm Water:
The Combined
System
Combines storm water

with sanitary wastes
Storm Water:
The Natural System/

natural run-off water
collection
Without using any roof

gutters or downspouts
Also when rainwater is
collected in cisterns
Storm Water:
The Independent
System
a.k.a. ‘the Separate

System’
Brings collected
water directly to the
water reservoirs
THANK YOU
Presentation by Ar. Aira Rowie Altovar-Muriel
Building Utilities | Plumbing AR 390 - ICA 1

ICA 1 Plumbing

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AR 390 - ICA 1

Ar. Aira Rowie Altovar-Muriel

Presentation by: Ar. Aira Rowie Altovar-Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

John F. Haas 1935,

Martial Law in 1972, Republic Act No.

PLUMBING FIXTURES SANITARY STORM DRAINAGE FUEL GAS PIPING

TREATMENT DISPOSAL COLLECTION

TREATMENT DISPOSAL COLLECTION

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Water Supply: the supply of

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Normal Water Pneumatic Water Gravity Water

Normal Water Pressure:

Normal Water Pneumatic Water Gravity Water

Pneumatic Water Supply:

Normal Water Pneumatic Water Gravity Water

Normal Water Pneumatic Water Gravity Water

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

A PPR pipe is a form of plastic pipe made from

easy and quick to install

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Copper pipes are commonly used in the

Best for hot and cold water line

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

"6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

“Water closets and urinals shall

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Flush Valve: the part of the

Flush Tank: stores water and

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Advantage Disdvantage Advantage Disdvantage

Water Higher initial Affordable cost Inefficient

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Floor Mounted: typical

Wall Mounted: placed inside

Advantage Disdvantage Advantage Disdvantage

Simple Takes up more Minimalist, Inefficient

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

A toilet bowl in which the flushing

A toilet bowl similar to the siphon-jet,

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

A toilet bowl similar to the siphon-jet,

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

A toilet bowl having a simple washout

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

A toilet bowl design that does not use

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Ar. Aira. Rowie Altovar - Muriel

Wall-Hung Urinal: Wall urinals are popular in