SAINT THERESA COLLEGE OF TANDAG, INC.

Cor. Magsaysay & Quezon Sts., Tandag City, Surigao del Sur
Telefax: (086) 211-3046, 211-5092, 211-3862

National Service Training Program 1 (CWTS)

MODULE - 4

COURSE CODE NSTP 1

COURSE TITLE National Service Training Program 1
UNITS 3 Units
PROFESSOR MARIZ GURONDIANO
EMAIL ADDRESS Gumarz1994@gmail.com
CONSULTATION HOURS 8:00am-12:00pm

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This 3-unit course the civil welfare training service is one of the components under National
Service Training Program (NSTP) Republic Act 9163 which refers to the training of tertiary student in
activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life especially those devoted to
improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, moral and social
welfare services. This program prepares the students for a responsible leadership, contributors in
community development and partners in nation building. The students will undergo different activities
and practical exercises during training sessions.

COURSE INTENDED LEARNING OUTCOMES:

AT THE END OF THE COURSE, THE STUDENTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

1. Critically evaluate the causes underlying the problems that confront our present
society today
2. Analyze how CWTS can be an effective solution contributors to the problems
3. Value their role as change agent in community developments
4. Sustain involvement in public and civic affairs
5. Propose workable solutions to the present problems of the selected local
community.
 Module 4
Overview of National Security Situation

Objectives:
 identify the external threats to
national security
 understand the concept of threats
as applied in Philippine setting
 understand the universal
declaration of human rights
 conceptualize the fundamental of
peace
 conceptualize the international
humanitarian law

Introduction:

National security is the safekeeping of the nation as a whole. Because national security entails
both national defense and the protection of a series of geopolitical, economic, and other interests, it affects not
only defense policy, but foreign and other policies as well.

Originally conceived as protection against military attack, national security is now widely understood to
include also non-military dimensions, including the security from terrorism, minimization of crime, economic
security, energy security, environmental security, food security, cyber-security etc. Similarly, national security
risks include, in addition to the actions of other nation states, action by violent non-state actors, by narcotic
cartels, and by multinational corporations, and also the effects of natural disasters.

The Philippine National Security according to the National Security Council (NSC) is “a state or
condition where our most cherished values and beliefs, our democratic way of life, our institutions of
governance and our unity, welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected and
continuously enhanced. (Banlaoi, 2010, p.123) The National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA) in 1964,
defines national security as “the state or condition where in the people’s way of life and being are protected
and/or advanced”. It is the primary concern of the stet to ensure the welfare and well-being of every Filipino.

Lesson 1: External and Internal Threats Situation

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

National Security – is a state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs our
democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and well- being as a nation and
people are permanently protected and continuously enhanced.

Fundamental Elements

There are seven ( 7 ) fundamental elements that lie at the core which therefore further amplify our
definition of national security. At the same time, they constitute the most important challenges we face as a
nation and people.

1. Socio – political stability- We must achieve peace and harmony among all Filipinos, regardless of
creed, ethic origin or social station. The government and the people must engage in nation – building under the
rule of law, constitutional democracy and the full respect for human rights.

2. Territorial integrity- we must ensure the permanent inviolability of our nation territory and it’s
effective control by the government and the state.

3. Economic solidarity and strength – we must vigorously pursue a free – market economy through
responsible entrepreneurship based on social conscience, respect for the dignity of labor and concern for the
public interest.

4. Ecological balance – national survival rests upon the effective conservation of our natural
environmental in the face of industrial and agricultural expansion and population growth.

5. Cultural cohesiveness – our lives as a people must be ruled by a common set of values and
believe grounded on high moral and ethical standards, drawn from our heritage and embodying a Filipino
standard identity transcending religious, ethic and linguistic differences.

6. Moral – spiritual consensus – we must be propelled by a national vision inspired and manifested in
our words and deeds, by patriotism national pride and the advancement of national goals and objective.

7. External peace – we must pursue constructive and cordial relations with all nations and peoples,
even as our nations itself must chart an independent course, free from external control, interference or threat
or aggression.

INTERNAL THREATS our national security environment is infused with four important dimensions. Internal
threats to our national security make up the first dimension.

1. Moro Islamic Liberation Front ( MILF ) – the MILF in constructive peace negotiation, the armed
activities of the group continue to be a source of serious concern, particularly the build-up its defensive and
offensive capabilities. Hand in hand with this security problem is the threat from the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG),
a small band of highly mobile terrorists with suspected links to international networks.

2. The Communist Party of the Philippines/New People’s Army/National Democratic Front

(CPP/NPA/NDF )- continuous ton pose a serious threat to national security, although presently weakened in
comparison with their peak strength in the period 1985-87.

3. Organized crime - is a national security concern. The challenge of illegal drugs in particular, has
grown into a major threat to the national community.
 4. Grave incidence of poverty -is also a serious threat top national security, especially to the extent
that it breeds rebellion, crime and dissidence. Poverty incidence affects about one-third (1/3) of Filipino
nationwide.

5. Economic sabotage- undermines the market economy, the financial system and the nation’s
resources. Under this category are underground activities such as counterfeiting, money laundering, large-
scale smuggling, inter-oceanic poaching and commercial dumping.

6. Graft and corruption -has become another threat to our national security by virtue of the huge scale
by which it saps public resources, undermines the morale of the civil service and affects the delivery of quality
basic services.

7. Severe calamities - cause serious food shortages, abet hoarding and profiteering tool stands at
more than 13,000 lives lost and p179 Billion worth of property destroyed.

8. Persistent environment degradation –poses a long term security threat. The attrition of forest and
watersheds, air-land-water pollution and the proliferation of toxic substances are a cause of sickness, death
and the diminution of national productivity and well-being .

EXTERNAL THREATS

1. The multi lateral dispute over the Spratly Island is a source of intermittent tensions, owing to the build
up structures, believed to be military -oriented, by some claimant countries in the area.

2. The smuggling firearms and contraband, illegal migration and occasional movement of foreign terrorists
through the porous borders of our south western frontier have elicited transnational concern. Philippine
law enforcement agencies work closely with international police organizations, bilaterally and
multilaterally, to check these activities.

3. The lingering effects of the currency crisis affecting the countries within the Association of South East
Asian Nations (ASEAN) are a cause of regional anxieties which tend to aggravate the political
instabilities and socio-economic dislocations involving the poorest people.

4. The serious economic disparity between rich and poor nations keeps the world in a state of instability
and virtually on the brink or war in many places.

5. Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict pervades many regions and nations including our own. It is
constantly exacerbated by mass poverty, limited access to resources, denial of human rights, lack of
national integration and international issues.

Declaration of Human Rights

It declares that human rights are universal – to be enjoyed by all people, no matter who they are or
where they live. The Universal Declaration includes civil and political rights, like the right to life, liberty, free
speech and privacy.

The Universal Declaration begins by recognizing that ‘the inherent dignity of all members of the human
family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world’.

It declares that human rights are universal – to be enjoyed by all people, no matter who they are or
where they live.

The Universal Declaration includes civil and political rights, like the right to life, liberty, free speech and
privacy. It also includes economic, social and cultural rights, like the right to social security, health and
education.
Lesson 2: Peace Education

Conceptualize the Fundamental of Peace

Peace education is the process of acquiring the values, the knowledge and developing the
attitudes, skills, and behaviors to live in harmony with oneself, with others, and with the natural
environment. Peace education promotes the knowledge, skills and attitudes to help people prevent
conflict occurring, resolve conflicts peacefully, or create conditions for peace. Peace education
activities promote the knowledge, skills and attitudes that will help people either to prevent the
occurrence of conflict, resolve conflicts peacefully, or create social conditions conducive to peace.

Core values of nonviolence and social justice are central to peace education. Nonviolence is
manifested through values such as respect for human rights, freedom and trust. Social justice is
realized by principles of equality, responsibility, and solidarity. In order to achieve these ideals, peace
education programmes across the world address a wide range of themes. These include nonviolence,
conflict resolution techniques, democracy, disarmament, gender equality, human rights,
environmental responsibility, history, communication skills, coexistence, and international
understanding and tolerance of diversity.

Peace education can be delivered to people of all ages, in both formal and informal settings.
Programmes exist at local, national, and international levels, and in times of peace, conflict, and post-
conflict. To create public dialogue different factions of society are often brought together in peace
education programmes – these typically include civil society groups, schools, tribal leaders and the
media. Yet due to the many areas covered by peace education, initiatives are primarily determined by
culture and context, as well as by the projects’ scopes and objectives.

Conceptualize the International Humanitarian Law

International humanitarian law is a set of rules which seek, for humanitarian reasons, to limit the
effects of armed conflict. It protects persons who are not or are no longer participating in the hostilities
and restricts the means and methods of warfare. ... International humanitarian law applies to armed
conflicts.

References:

 https://www.slideshare.net/johannavillareal/threats-to-national-security
 https://www.peaceinsight.org/en/themes/peace-education/?location&theme=peace-education
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_education
 https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/other/what_is_ihl.pdf