Reference

Section

Remember...
Type 1 = verb + adverb(no object)
Example:breakdown
Thecar brokedown againlastnightandwehadto walk.

Type2 = verb + adverb+ object/verb+ object + adverb

Example:putoff
We mustput off themeetingforanotherweek.
Wemustput themeetingoff for anotherweek.
Wemust put it off for anotherweek.
Butnot
W

Type3 = verb + preposition+ object

Example:takeafter
He takesafter hismother.
He takes after her.
Butnot
ffi
HeAakeshera#en

Type4 = verb + adverb+ preposition+ object

Example:putupwith
I can'tput upwith hisbehaviouranymore.
I can'tput up with it anymore.

NB. ff a phrasalverb can existas a mainverb and one particle,but is also often
followed by a second particle,we categoriseit as type 1 but indicatewhat the
secondparticleis, for examplefall behind (withsomething)ltype11.

The following list of phrasalverbsand their meaningsincludesall

thoseto befound in this book. Thereare,of course,manymore
phrasalverbsand many of the phrasalverbsfound belowhave
more meaningsthan referredto here.For further information in
this areayou shouldconsulta dictionaryof phrasalverbs,for
example,the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of PhrasalVerbs
(le8e).
Unit
BLOW [something]UP (type2): destroybyan explosion 10
Example:The commandosblew up the bridgeandthen
attackedthe base.

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BRANCH OUT (type1): expand/dosomethingnew 1,4
Example:Businessis going well. Weare tbinking of
branchingout into children'sclothingas well as
adubs'.
BREAKDOWN (type1): stopworking 8
Example:The car hasbrokendown again.That'sthe
third time this month.
BREAK INTO [something] (type3): enterillegally 10
Example:The thieuesbrokeinto our houseuhile we uere
on holiday.
BRING [something]DoWN (type2): reduce 3
Example:We mwstbring theprice of the ticketsdoun if
we aregoing to be competitiue.
BRING [someone]UP (type2): to raise/educate children 9
Example:I wowldn't like to bring a child up as a single
pdrent.
CALL [someone]BACK (type2): rerurna phonecall(no 2
passive)
Example:Couldyou call Mr lones backthis afternoon?
CALL [something]OFF (type2): cancel 2
Example:Yowcan't call the weddingoff nou. Euerything
has beenarranged.
CARRY ON (type3): continue 13
Example:He carriedon working after eueryoneelsehad
gonehome.
CARRY [something]OuT (type2l: do 6
Example:Thenursescarriedout all their dutiesquickly
and efficiently.
CATCH ON (type1): understand I
Example:He catcheson ueryquick"ly.You neuerhaueto
explain twice.
CLEAR [something]UP (type2): to organise/make
tidy 10
'We
Example: must clearup thespareroom beforeyour
mothercomesto stay,
COME ACROSS[something] (type3): find unexpectedly 10
Example:I cameacrossa photo of my grandmother
yesterdaywhen I was cleaningthe attic.
COME DOWNWITH [an illness] (type4): contracr 6
illness
Example:Most of thepeoplein my officehauecome
down with flw.I think I am going to be next!
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COME IN FOR fsomething] (type4): receivecriticismor 3
blame
Example: He bas corue in for d lot of criticism for the way
he treatedhis wife.
COME INTO [moner./property] (type 3): inherit I4
Example:He's conteinto a fortune.It's incredible.I
didtt't redlisehis father was so rich.
COME OUT IN [somerhingJ (type 4): show the signsof
an illness
Example:Johrt'sttot L,erywell. He's come out in little red
spotsrll ot'er his body and he'sgot a high
tetîtper,tture.
COME UP AGAINST fsomething] (type 4): face 15
difficulty
Erample: \\'e't,econteup againstone or two problems in
trt'irtgto get support for the idea.
COUNT ON fsomeone/something] (type 3): dependon
Example:I am counting on you to shotume what to do.
CRACK DOWN [on someone/something] (type 1): take
strongactionagainst
Example: The gouernmentis going to crack down on
footballhooligans.
CREEPUP (tvpe1): increase slowly 13
Erample:The inflationrdtehascreptup dwringthe last
),edr.
CUT BACK fon something] (type 1): reducesomething
becauseyou can't afford it
Example: The gouernmenthas cut back on public
spending.
CUT [somethinglDOWN (type2): reducerhe L3
sizelamount
Example:He cut down the number of hours he was at
work from 60 to 55 a week.
CUT [something] OFF (type 2): when a service,for
example, gas/telephoneis disconnected(often passive)
Example: The gas was cut off last ueek becausewe forgot
to pdy the bill.
DO AWAY WITH fsomething] (type 4): destroy/abolish
'We
Example: are going to do auay tuith the old tax
system.

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DO [something]UP (type2): rcpaft/decorateabuilding 1,4
Example:Tbe housedoesn'tlook uerynicenow but when
we'uedoneit up it uill befantastic.
END UP (type1): finishin a certainsituation 13
Example:If we continuelike this we sballendup with no
moneyat all.
FACEUP TO [something] (type4): confront,acceptand 13
deal with somethingunpleasant
Example:You mustfacewpto thefact that yoware
probablygoing to loseyour iob.
FALL BEHIND [with something] (type1): fail to do
somethingby a certaindate
Example:If you fall behindwith your paymentsagain,we
will takebackthe car.
FALL THROUGH (type1): when an arrangementfails to
take place
Example:We weregoing to buy that house,but it fell
throughbecause the bank ruouldn'tlendus the
money.
FILL [something]IN (type2): complete(a form) L4
Example:He hasfilled in theiob applicationform.
FILL [something]UP (type2): makefull
Example:Could you fill up this iug with water for the
flowers,please?
FIND [something]OUT (type2): discover
Example:He found out that the coursedidn't start for
anotherweek.
FIT [someone/something]IN (type2): find time for L4
Example:Canyou fit me in tomorrow afternoon,doctor?
GET[something]ACROSS(type2): communicate
Example:I don't know if I got my message
across.
GETAWAYWITH [something] (type4): escape
criticism/punishment
Example:That's the third time you hauebeenlate this
week. You are not going to get away with it
again.
GETBY (type1): haveiustenough
Example:We hauen'tgot muchmoneybut we get by.
GET [someone]DOWN (type2"): depress (no passive)
Example:I hate this uteather.It's really getting me doun.
.The object never goes
after the particledown.
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GET DOWN TO [something] (type4): srarrdoing 12
something/seriously
Example:It is time to get doun to business.
GET ON [with someone] (type1): havea good
relationshipwith someone
Example:I get on ueryutell with my youngestbrother.
GET OUT [of something] (rype 1): escape 15
Example:We uterelocked in the room. Therewas no way
to get out.
GET OVER [something] (type 3): recoverfrom
something,get better
Example:It took him ntore than tuo yearsto get ouer the
deathof his mother.
GET ROUND [something] (type 3): avoid
Example:He tried to get round the problem by asking
thetn to cltangethe rulesin this case.
GETTHROUGH [to someone] (type1): makecontact
(byphone)
Example:I'ue beentrying to get tbrough to you all
afternoon but the line is always busy!
GET UP TO [something] (type4): do somethingnaughty 1.2
or bad
Example:It's ueryquiet.'Wbatdo you think the children
aregetting up to now?
GI- [something]AWAY a) (type2): distribute for free
Example:He gaueaway all his books to friends, beforehe
left.
G [something]AWAY b) (type2)z reveal 15
Example: His accentgaueaway the fact tbat he originally
camefrom Scotland.
GIVE IN (type 1): surrender/agreeto demands
Example:It doesn'tmatter uhat you say,he u,ill neuer
giuein.
GIVE[something]OUT (type2): distribute 10
Example:He gaueout information about the new training
coursesto eueryoneat the meeting.
GIVE [something]UP (type2): stop 13
Example:He gaueup playing football at the uteekends
becausehe didn't haueenoughtime.
GO OFF a) (type1): explode(especially abomb) 10
Example:A bomb uent off but no onewashurt.
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GO OFF b) (type1): leave 15
Example:He went off without sayinga word.
GO ON al (type1): happen 4
Example:Somethingstrangewasgoing on and I wanted
to know what it was.
GO ON b) (type1): continue 7
Example:He went onfighting euenafter I told him to
stop.
GO ON [at someone] c) (type1): sayrepeatedly 1,3
Example:I hauebeengoing on at my motherto hauenew
locksput in.
GO OUT [with someone] (type1): havea romanticor 4
sexualrelationship
Example:My sisterhasbeengoing out with Tom for three
months.I think it is qwiteserious.
GO UP (type1): increase 3
Example:Theprice of sugaruill go up 5o/oat the end of
this month.
GO THROUGH [something] (type3): experience 15
something
Example:\X/ehad to wait at theairport for 36 hours.I
neuerwant to go throughthat again.
GROWUP (type1): to changefrombeinga childtobeing 9
an adult
Example:This is the town whereI grew up.
HOLD ON (type1): wait 2
Example:Couldyou hold on for fiueminutesplease?
HOLD [someone/something]UP (type2): delay 8
Example:I washeldup in the trafficfor nearlytwo hours.
KEEPON (type1): continue 9
Example:Theykept on lookingfor the little girl until it
got too dark.
KEEPUP fwith someone/something](type1): maintain 1.
the samelevelas
Example:Shewalksso fast,l canneuerkeepup with her.
LAY [someone]OFF (type2): stopemployingpeopledue 5
to externalfactors
Example:Our companyhaslaid off another100 people
this week.
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LAY [someone]UP (n'pe 2): causero stay in bed,
Ct
generallythrough accidentor illness(often passive)
Exampìe: He rt'aslaid up for three *rrk, after the car
dccident.
LET [someoneJ DO'WN It1'pe 2): not do what you say
you will do
Exampie:He bas let me dourt agdin.I specificallyasked
hin to meet me bere at 8.00pm at the latest and
he is rtot bere.
LET [someone]OFF (n'pe 2): give no punishment,or very
small punishment
Example: He tuts let off u'itb a warning.
LET [someone]OUT (rvpe2): release 10
Example: Thet' let bim out of prison after only ten yedrs,
bectttseof his good behauiour.
LIVE UP TO [something] (type 4): be as good as expecred
Example:Sbecertainlydidn't liue up to Mil<e's
descriptionof her.
LOOK AFTER Isomething/someone] (type 3): rake care 12
of
Erample: Shelooked after ber father for seueralyears
beiore be died.
LOOK FOR [something/someone] (type 3): try to find 11
Example: I looked for my keysall morning but I couldn't
find them.
LOOK INTO Isomething] (type 3): invesrigare
Example: The police are looking into the strange
circumstancesof Mr Jenkin's deatb.
LOOKIsomeone/something]OVER (type2): examine 14
the condition of
Example: \\'e are goìng to look the houseouer next week.
It sounds as if it is just what we wdnt.
LOOK [something]UP (type2): checkin reference
material
Example: I don't like reading English newspdpersbecause
there are too many words that I need to look
up.
LOOK UP TO [someone] (type 4): admire and respecr
Example:He's always looked wp to his older brother.
Personally,l don't understandwhy. He seems
so ordinary.

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MAKE OUT (type1): pretend 4
Example:He madeout that he wasa friend of Pete'sbut I
kneu it wasn't true.Peteuould hauetold me.
MAKF.[something]UP a) (type2): replacewhatis 8
missing,regain
Example:He madeup the hoursbe had missedby
working all night.
MAKE [something]UP b) (type2): invent 12
Example:You know all thosethingshe saidabout
fighting in the war. Well,he madeit all up.
None of it tuastrue.
MOVE IN (type1): startliving in a new place 11.
'We
Example: aregoing to mouein on Friday. You must
comeand seeus.
OWNUP [to something] (type1): admit 1.2
Example:He outnedup to breakingthe utindow with tbe
football.
PASSOUT (type1): loseconsciousness 6
Example:Shepassedout while sheuas waiting to seethe
doctor.
PICK ON [someone] (type3): rreatbadly,unfairly 12
Example:lt's auful. The biggerboysat schoolarealways
pickingon him.
PICK [something]OUT (type2): choose L4
'We
Example: utentshoppingthis morningand managed
to pick out someueryniceclothes.
PICK [something]UP al (type2): learn 1
Example:It's incrediblebow quickly he pickedup
Chinese.
PICK UP b) (type1): increase/improve s
Example:Don't worry. Businessis definitelypicking up.
PICK [someone/something]UP c) (type2): take 8
someonein your car
Example:My dad is going to pick me up from the party at
midnight.
PICK [something]UP d) (type2): buyunexpectedly 1l
Example:Wepickedup somereal bargainsin thesummer
sales.
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Unit
POPIN (type1): visit,probablywithoutwarning 11
(informal)
Example:I think I'll pop in on my motberand seehow
sheis asI am goingpdstberhouseanyway.
OFF (type2): achievesomething
PULL [something] 10
difficult
Example:Themagicianpulled off an amazingtrick.
PULL OUT [of something] (type1): withdraw
Example:He pulledout of thecompetitiondueto back

PULLTHROUGH (tvpe1): survive

Example:lt tt,asa L'eryseriousaccidentbwtI think he is
goingto pull through.
PULL UP {rvpe1): vehicleslowsdown and stops
Example:Did you know that a largeblackcarhasjust
pulledup outsideyour front door?
AWAY (type2): sendto prison
PUT [someone]
Example:He u'aspttt awayfor fiueyearsfor thebank

PUT [something]BY (type2): save

Example: \\'e try to put {"50a month by for emergencies.
PUT [someone]DOWN a) (type 2): make someonefeel
inferior
Example:He seentsto lihe putting women down. It's
terrible.
PUT [an animal] DOWN b) (type 2): kill 10
Example: Tobl', our dog, was uery old and in constant
pain. So,tueaskedthe uet to put him down.
PUT Isomething]OFF (type2): postpone
Example: \\'e put the match off for a week becauseof the

PUT [someone]THROUGH (type2): connect

Example:I am ptfttingyou throughto Ms Phillipsnow.
PUT [someone]UP (type2): giveaccommodation 11
Example:I canput you up for therestof thisweek.I'ue
got a spareroom.
PUT UP WITH [something, someone] (type4): tolerate
Example:I don't think I canput up with him any more.
He'sso rudeall the time.

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RIP [someone]OFF (type2): chearfinancially(informal) T
Example:I paid f,100for the watch.I think I uas ripped
off.
RULE [something]OUT (type2): decidesomerhingisn't
possible
Example:You mustn't rule owtthe ideaof leauingthejob.
RUN OUT [of something] (type1): haveno moreleft
'We
Example: hauerun out of sugar.Couldyou go and
buy somemore?
RUN [someone/somerhing] OVER (type2): hit with a
vehicle
Example:This little girl crossedthe road without looking.
I nearlyran her ouerbut fortunatelyI managed
to stopjwstin time.
SETOFF (type1): starron a journey
'We
Example: decidedto setoff ueryearlyso tbat we
wowldarriuebeforeit got dark.
SET [something]UP (type2): starra company,commiffee 1 4
etc
'We
Example: want to expandour business.Weare
thinking of settingup officesin France,Spain
and ltaly.
SETTLEIN (type1): becomecomfortablein a new I1
situation
Example:lt didn't takelongfor her to settleinto her new
iob.
SETTLEUP (type1): paybackmoneyowed
Example:I promiseI will settleup assoonas my father
sendsmesomemoremoney.
SHOOT UP (type1): increasedramatically
'We
Example:Owr rent shotwp lastmonth. are now
payingtwiceasmuchas this time lastyear!
SHOW OFF (type1): try to impresspeopleby making
certainqualities/achievements
very obvious
Example:I hatehim! He's aluays showingoff about hou
muchmoneyhe'sgot.
SHOWUP (type1): arrive 15
Example:I don't think he will show up now. It's nearly
midnight.
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SHUT UP (rype1): sroptalking (informal) 1.
Example:Shedoesn'treallywnnt conuersation. Sheiust
taantsyou to shut wpand listen.
SORT [somethingìOUT (type2): put in order 1.1
Example:I want to spendthe weekendsortingout my
study.At the momentit is in chaos.
SPEAKUP (rype1), speaklouder
Example:You must speakup a little, I can't hear uery
well.
SPLITUP (rypel): when a relationshipfinishesand the
coupleseparate
Example:Mike andJulie split up lastsummerbwtI think
thq uant to get back togetheragain now.
STICK AROLJND (rype1): sray,wair (informal) 15
Example:I am going to stick arounduntil he comes.
TAKE AFTER [someone] (rype3): be similarin
appearance
/ charaorerto older relative
Example:He's uerygood-looking.He takesafter his
father.
TAKE [someone]IN (type2), deceive
Example:He was uery nice to me all eueningbut I uasn't
taken in. I kneu that hejust wantedto borrow
somemoremoney.
TAKE OFF a) (type1): beginto increasedramatically
Example:Salesof the new Europeannetaspaper haue
takenoff to thesurpriseof many critics.
TAKE [time] OFF b) (rype2), spendtime doing
somethingdifferent from your usualwork
'We
Example: took tuo months off ìn the summerand
trauelledaround SouthEastAsia.
TAKE [someone]OFF c) (type2): imitatero make 12
peoplelaugh
Example:He's uerygood at taking offthe headmaster.
TAIE [something]OVER a) (rype2l: gain control of
Example:ABC Ltd hasbeentakenouu by a large
Americancorporationand most of the senior
managementhasbeenreplaced.
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TAKE [something]OVER b) (type2): occupyproperry 11
Example:I am taking ouerhis flat from the end of
Augustwhenhe mouesbackto England.
TAKE [somethingjUP a) (type2): start a new acriviry 9
Example:I am going to takeup tennistbis summer.
TAKE UP b) (type1): occupy(time/spaceetc.) 12
Example:Playingcrickettakesup the wbole of euery
weekendso I will haueto stop.
TALK [someone]INTO[something] (type3''): persuade 13
Example:lt didn't takeme long to talk her into
working an extra day.
-Thisis differentfrom normaltype phrasal
3 verbs.Thereis
usuallyan obleclbetweenthe verb and the preposition,and
afterthepreposition.

TELL [someone]OFF (type2): speakto someone t2

critically becausethey havedone somethingwrong
(especially adultsto children)
Example:The teacbertold him off for beingrude.
TIE [someone/something] UP (type2): fastenwith 15
rope/chain
Example:He tied her up and left her in the dark with
nothingto eator drink.
TURN [someone/something]DowN (type2): refuse 14
Example:He turnedtheiob down euenthowghtbe
salarywas uerygood.
TURN INTO [something] (type3): become 15
Example:Shehasturnedinto a ueryunpleasantperson.
WEAR [someone]OUT (type2): to maketired/exhaust 6
Example:The cbildrenwearme out. After a day with
themI iust want to go to bedand sleep.
WORK [something]OUT (type2): calculate,decide 1,
Example:He couldn't work out why shebad become
so angry.