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Definite Integration
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DEFINITE INTEGRATION
OBJECTIVE PROBLEMS
π /4
1. ∫0
tan 2 x dx =
π
(a) 1− (b) 1 + π (c) π −1 (d) π
4 4 4 4
π /2
2. ∫0
e x sin x dx =
1 π /2 1 π /2 1
(a) (e − 1) (b) (e + 1) (c) (1 − e π / 2 ) (d) 2(e π / 2 + 1)
2 2 2
b log x
3. ∫a x
dx =
log b
(a) log (b) log(a b) log b (c) 1 b
log(a b ) log (d) 1 log(a b) log a
log a a 2 a 2 b
−1
2 1
4. ∫1 x2
e x dx =
e +1 e −1
(a) e +1 (b) e −1 (c) (d)
e e
1/ 2 sin −1 x
5. ∫0 (1 − x 2 )3/2
dx =
π 1 π 1 π π
(a) + log 2 (b) − log 2 (c) + log 2 (d) − log 2
4 2 4 2 2 2
k dx π
6. If ∫0 2 + 8x 2
= , then
16
k=
1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 4
1 dx
7. ∫ [ax + b(1 − x )]
0 2
=
a b 1
(a) (b) (c) ab (d)
b a ab
2/ π sin(1 / x)
8. The value of integral ∫π
1/ x2
dx =
(a) 2 (b) −1
(c) 0 (d) 1
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2
9. The value of ∫ −2
(ax3 + bx + c) depends on
1 tan −1 x
10. ∫0 1+ x2
dx =
π2 π2 π2
(d) π
2
(a) (b) (c)
8 16 4 32
1 e −x
11. ∫0 1 + e −x
dx =
(a) 1+ e 1
log − +1 (b) log 1 + e − 1 + 1 (c) log 1 + e + 1 − 1 (d)None of these
e e 2e e 2e e
π /2 cos x
12. ∫ dx =
0 1 + cos x + sin x
π π
(a) +
1
log 2 (b) + log 2 (c) π −
1
log 2 (d) π − log 2
4 2 4 4 2 4
(a) sin α (b) tan −1 (sin α ) (c) α sin α (d) α (sin α )−1
2
−1 x
3 x 2 + 1
14. The integral ∫
−1
tan
x +1
2
+ tan −1
x
dx =
1
15. ∫ (1 − x ) dx =
9
0
1 11
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)2
10 10
1 x 2
16. If ∫ x log 1 + 2 dx = a + b log 3 , then
0
3 3 3 3 3 3
(a) a= , b= (b) a = , b=− (c) a= , b= (d) a=b
2 2 4 4 4 2
e2 dx 2 ex
17. If I1 = ∫ e log x
and I2 = ∫1 x
dx , then
1 e x (x − 1)
19. ∫0 ( x + 1)3
dx =
e e e
(a) (b) −1 (c) +1 (d) None of these
4 4 4
π /4 1 + tan x
20. The value of ∫0 1 − tan x
dx is
1 1
(a) − log 2 (b) log 2 (c) 1 log 2 (d)None of these
2 4 3
π /2 cos x
21. ∫0 (1 + sin x)(2 + sin x)
dx =
4
(a) log (b) log 1 (c) log
3
(d) None of these
3 3 4
π/2
22. ∫π/4
e x (log sin x + cot x ) dx =
1 π /4
(a) e π / 4 log 2 (b) − e π / 4 log 2 (c) e log 2 (d) − 1 e π / 4 log 2
2 2
2 2+x
23. ∫0 2−x
dx =
2 1 1
24. ∫
1
e x − 2 dx =
x x
e2 2 2
(a) +e (b) e − e (c) e −e (d) None of these
2 2 2
π /2 1 + 2 cos x
25. ∫0 (2 + cos x) 2
=
π 1
(a) (b) π (c) (d) None of these
2 2
π /2 sin x cos x dx
26. ∫ =
0 cos 2 x + 3 cos x + 2
8
(a) log (b) log 9 (c) log( 8 × 9 ) (d) None of these
9 8
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π /4 sec 2 x
27. ∫0 (1 + tan x)(2 + tan x)
dx =
2
(a) log e (b) log e 3 (c) 1 log e 4 (d) 4
log e
3 2 3 3
sin 2 x cos 2 x
28. The value of ∫0
sin −1 t dt + ∫0
cos −1 t dt is
π π
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d)None of these
2 4
1 x4 +1
29. The value of ∫0 x2 +1
dx is
1 1
(a) (3 π − 4 ) (b) (3 − 4 π ) (c) 1 (3π + 4 ) (d) 1
(3 + 4 π )
6 6 6 6
π /2 dx
30. ∫ =
0 a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x
π π
(a) πab (b) π 2 ab (c) (d)
ab 2 ab
π / 2 (sin x + cos x )2
31. The value of I= ∫ 0 1 + sin 2 x
dx is
1 1+ x
32. ∫ 0
sin 2 tan −1
1− x
dx =
1 1+ x
33. ∫ 0
sin 2 tan −1
1− x
dx =
2 dx 2 dx
34. Let I1 = ∫
1
1+ x 2
and I2 = ∫1
x
then
π /4
35. ∫0
[ tan x + cot x ] dx equals
π π
(a) 2π (b) (c) (d) 2π
2 2
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π /4 5π / 4 π /4
36. ∫0
(cos x − sin x )dx + ∫π /4
(sin x − cos x )dx + ∫
2π
(cos x − sin x ) dx is equal to
15 dx
37. ∫ 8 ( x − 3) x + 1
=
1 5 1 5
(a) log (b) log (c) 1 log 3 (d) 1 log 3
2 3 3 3 2 5 5 5
π /4
38. If I n = ∫ tan n θ dθ , then I8 + I 6 equals
0
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 (d) 1
4 5 6 7
e2 dx
39. The value of ∫
1 x (1 + ln x )2
is
π /2 cot x
40. . ∫0 dx =
cot x + tan x
π
(a) π (b) (c) π (d) π
2 4 3
π
41. ∫0x f (sin x ) dx =
π
(c) π ∫0 f (sin x ) dx
π π π /2
∫ f (sin x ) dx 2∫
(a) π (b) f (sin x ) dx (d)None of these
0 0 2
π /2 cos x − sin x
42. ∫ 0 1 + sin x cos x
dx =
π /2 2 − sin θ
43. ∫ log dθ =
−π / 2
2 + sin θ
1 bc x
44 .Assume that f is continuous everywhere, then
c ∫
ac
f dx =
c
b x 1 b b
(a) ∫ a
f dx
c
(b)
c ∫ f (x ) dx
a
(c) ∫a f ( x ) dx (d)None of these
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n
45. If n is a positive integer and [x] is the greatest integer not exceeding x, then ∫
0
{ x − [ x ]} dx
equals
2
(a) n 2 /2 (b) n(n − 1) / 2 (c) n / 2 (d) n −n
2
1
46. ∫ −1
x | x | dx =
π /2
47. ∫0
log sin x dx =
(a) π
− log 2 (b) π log 1 (c) − π log 1 (d) π log 2
2 2 2 2
1
48. ∫−1x 17 cos 4 x dx =
π /2
49. ∫0
| sin x − cos x | dx =
π /4
51. ∫
| 1 − x 2 | dx =
−2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) − (d) +
n +1 n+2 n +1 n + 2 n+1 n+ 2
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π x tan x
54. ∫0 dx =
sec x + cos x
π2 π2 3π 2 π2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 2 2 3
b
55 If f (a + b − x ) = f ( x ), then ∫ x f (x ) dx =
a
a+b b a+b b b −a b
(a)
2 ∫ f (b − x ) dx
a
(b)
2 ∫ f (x ) dx
a
(c)
2 ∫ f (x ) dx
a
(d) None of these
a+T
56. If f (x ) is a continuous periodic function with period T, then the integral I= ∫ f (x ) dx is
a
1
57. The value of ∫−1
( 1 + x + x 2 − 1 − x + x 2 ) dx is
58. ∫
| log x | dx =
1/e
1 1
1− 2 1 −
(a) e (b) e
(c) e −1 − 1 (d) None of these
3π / 4 φ
59. The value of ∫π /4 1 + sin φ
dφ, is
π
(a) π tan (b) log tan π (c) tan
π
(d) None of these
8 8 8
3 x
60. The value of ∫2 5−x + x
dx is
1
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) −1 (d)
2
π /2 4 + 3 sin x
61. The value of ∫0
log dx
4 + 3 cos x
is
3
(a) 2 (b) (c) 0 (d) None of these
4
1
−1 2x − 1
62. The value of ∫ tan
0
1 + x − x
2
dx is
1 sin x 1 − x2 1 sinx − x2
(a) 0 (b) 2 ∫ 3 − | x | dx
0
(c) 2 ∫ 3 − | x | dx
0
(d) 2 ∫
0 3−| x |
dx
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2a a
64. If ∫
0
f (x ) dx = 2 ∫ f (x ) dx , then
0
π /2 sin x
65. ∫0 dx equals
sin x + cos x
π π π π
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4 6
π /2 2 sin x
66. The value of ∫0 2 sin x + 2 cos x
dx is
π π
(a) (b) (c) π (d) 2π
4 2
e2 log e x
67. The value of ∫ e −1 x
dx is
3 5
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 5
2 2
2
68. The value of ∫ 0
[ x 2 ] dx , where [.] is the greatest integer function
2π
69. ∫0 (sin x + | sin x |) dx =
1
(a) 0 (b) log 2 (c) log (d) None of these
2
5
71. If [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, then the value of ∫
1
[| x − 3 |] dx
is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 8
e2 log e x
72. The value of ∫ e −1 x
dx is
3 5
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 5
2 2
1 0
73. Suppose f is such that f (− x ) = − f ( x ) for every real x and ∫0
f (x ) dx = 5, then ∫
−1
f (t) dt =
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2a
74. ∫0 f ( x )dx =
a a 2a
∫ ∫ ∫
a a
(c) ∫ f (x )dx + f (2a − x )dx
(a) 2
0
f (x )dx (b) 0
0
f (x )dx + ∫
0
f (2 a − x )dx (d) 0 0
2
75. ∫ −2
[ x ] dx =
e 1000 − 1 e −1
(a) e 1000 − 1 (b) (c) 1000 (e − 1) (d)
e −1 1000
b
x
77. The value of ∫ | x | dx , a < b < 0 is
a
−2
2 1 + x 1 − x
78. The value of ∫ p ln
−2
+ q ln
1 − x
+ r dx
1 + x
depends on
5 4 5 6
(c) ∫ −3
f ( x )dx = ∫ f (x − 1)dx
−4
(d) ∫− 3 f (x )dx = ∫ f (x − 1)dx
−2
∫ [x ]
0
80. The integral value 3
+ 3 x 2 + 3 x + 3 + ( x + 1) cos( x + 1) dx is
−2
π
(a) 2π (b) π (c) (d) 0
4
x
82. If g( x ) = ∫0
cos 4 t dt , then g( x + π ) equals
π
(a) π log 2 (b) (c) π (d) None of these
log 2
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3 3
84. Let be non-zero real numbers such that ∫ (3ax + 2bx + c) dx = ∫ (3ax + 2bx + c) dx , then
2 2
a, b, c
0 1
x
(a) L( x + y ) = L( x ) + L(y ) (b) L = L(x ) + L(y ) (c) L( xy ) = L( x ) + L(y ) (d) None of these
y
3
86. The value of ∫
−2
| 1 − x 2 | dx is
1 14
(a) (b) (c) 7 (d) 28
3 3 3 3
1 π 1
87. If ∫
sin x
t 2 f (t ) dt = 1 − sin x , x ∈ 0,
2
then f
3
equal to
1 1
(a) 3 (b) c) (d) 3
3 3
n 1
88. The value of the integral ∑ ∫ f (k − 1 + x ) dx is
k =1
0
1 2 n 1
(a) ∫ f (x ) dx
0
(b) ∫ f (x ) dx
0
(c) ∫0 f (x ) dx (d) n ∫0 f (x ) dx
∞ xdx
89. ∫0 =
(1 + x )(1 + x 2 )
2 4 6 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
15 15 15 15
x
1 1
91. The greatest value of the function F ( x) = ∫1 | t | dt on the interval − 2 , 2 is given by
3 1
(a) (b) − (c) − 3 (d) 2
8 2 8 5
1 d 1
92. The value of the integral ∫−1
tan −1 dx
dx x
is
π π
(a) (b) (c) − π (d)None of these
2 4 2
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∞ x dx
93. ∫ =
0 (1 + x)(1 + x 2 )
π π
(a) (b) (c) π (d)None of these
4 3 6
x x
94. The points of intersection of F1 (x ) = ∫2 (2 t − 5) dt and F2 (x ) = ∫ 2t dt, are
0
6 36
(a) , (b) 2 , 4 (c) 1 , 1 (d) 1 , 1
5 25 3 9 3 9 5 25
∞ x ln x dx
95. ∫0 is equal to
(1 + x 2 )2
(a) sin x 2 − sin x (b) 4 x 3 sin x 2 − 2 x sin x (c) x 4 sin x 2 − x sin x (d) None of these
∞ dx
98. ∫0 3
=
x + x2 +1
3 1
(a) (b) (c) − 3 (d)None of these
8 8 8
a
99. ∫0 x 4 a 2 − x 2 dx =
π π π
(a) (b) a6 (c) a6 (d) π a 6
32 32 16 8
d e sin x 4 3 sin x 3
100. Let
dx
F( x ) =
x
; x > 0
. If ∫1 x
e dx = F(k ) − F(1) , then one of the possible value of k, is
πa 6 2a 5 6
(a) (b) (c) a (d)None of these
32 15 32
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1 99
+ 2 99 + 3 99 + ....... n 99
103. nlim =
→∞ n 100
9 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
100 100 99 101
1 p
+ 2 p + 3 p + ..... + n p
104. nlim =
→∞ n p +1
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 1 − 1
(d) 1
p +1 1− p p p −1 P+2
1/n
n!
105. nlim
→∞ n
equals
n
1
(a) π log (b) π log 2 (c) 2π log 1 (d) 2π log 2
2 2
108. lim 1 + 1
+
1
+ ..... +
1
is equal to
n →∞
n n2 + n n 2 + 2n n 2 + ( n − 1) n
1 xb − 1
110. The value of integral ∫
0 log x
dx is
1 1 1 1
111. lim + + + ..... =
n →∞ n n +1 n + 2 2n
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DEFINITE INTEGRATION
π /4 π /4
1. (a) ∫0
tan 2 xdx = ∫
0
(sec 2 x − 1)dx
π /4 π /4 π
= ∫
0
sec 2 xdx − ∫0
1dx = [tan x ]π0 / 4 − [ x ]π0 / 4 = 1 −
4
.
π /2
2. (b) Let I= ∫ 0
e x sin x dx
π /2
= − [e x cos x ]π0 / 2 + ∫0
e x cos x dx
π /2
= −[e x cos x ]π0 / 2 + [e x sin x ]π0 / 2 − ∫ 0
e x sin x dx
b 1 b 1
3. (c) Let I= ∫
a x
log x dx = (log x log x )ba − ∫a x
log x dx
1
⇒ 2 I = [(log x )2 ]ba ⇒ I = [(log b )2 − (log a)2 ]
2
1 1 b
= [(log b + log a)(log b − log a)] = log(ab ) log .
2 2 a
1 1 −1 / 2 e −1
4. (d) Put t=−
x
⇒ dt = 2 dx
x
, then it reduces to ∫ −1
e t dt = [e t ]−−11 / 2 = e −1 / 2 − e −1 =
e
.
1/ 2 sin −1 x
5. (b) I= ∫0 (1 − x 2 )3 / 2
dx
1
Put sin −1 x = t ⇒ dx = dt and x = sin t
1 − x2
π 1
Also t = 0 to as x =0 to
4 2
π /4 π 1
⇒I= ∫ 0
t. sec 2 t dt =
4
−
2
log 2 .
k 1 1 k dx 1 2k dt
6. (b) ∫0 2 + 8x 2
dx =
2 ∫ 0 1 + (2 x ) 2
=
4 ∫ 0 1 + t2
1 1
= | tan −1 t | 02 k = tan −1 2k .
4 4
π 1
Comparing it with the given value, we get tan −1 2k = ⇒ 2k = 1 ⇒ k = .
4 2
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1 dx
7. (d) Let I= ∫0 [(a − b)x + b ] 2
Put t = (a − b )x + b ⇒ dt = (a − b )dx
As x = 1 ⇒ t = a and x = 0 ⇒ t = b , then
a
1 a 1 1 1 1 a−b 1
I=
a−b ∫
b t 2
dt = − = =
(a − b ) t b (a − b ) ab ab
.
1 1 π
8. (d) Put t= ⇒ dt = − 2 dx as t= and π
x x 2
1
sin
2 /π π
x
∴ ∫ 1 /π x2
dx = − ∫ π /2
sin t dt = −[cos t ]ππ / 2
π
= − cos π − cos = 1 .
2
2
2 ax 4 bx 2
9. (c) ∫
−2
(ax 3 + bx + c)dx =
4
+
2
+ cx =
− 2
4c.
1
10. (d) Put t = tan −1 x ⇒ dt = dx , then
1 + x2
π /4
1 tan −1 x π /4 t2 π2
∫
0 1 + x2
dx = ∫ 0
t dt =
2 0
=
32
.
1
1+ 1 1
= [log e t − t ]2 e = log e 1 + − 1 + − log e 2 + 2
e e
e +1 1
= log e − +1.
2e e
π /2 cos x
12. (c) ∫
0 1 + cos x + sin x
dx
π /2 cos 2 (x / 2) − sin 2 (x / 2)
= ∫
0 2 cos (x / 2) + 2 sin(x / 2) cos( x / 2)
2
dx
1 π /2 1 − tan 2 (x / 2) 1 π /2 x
=
2 ∫ 0 1 + tan( x / 2)
dx =
2 ∫ 0
1 − tan dx
2
π 1 π 1
+ log = − log 2 .
4 2 4 2
1 dx 1 dx
13. (d) ∫
0 x + 2 x cos α + 1
2
= ∫ 0 (x + cos α )2 + 1 − cos 2 α
1
1 dx 1 x + cos α
= ∫ 0
=
( x + cos α )2 + sin 2 α sin α
tan −1
sin α 0
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1 α α 1
= tan −1 cot − tan −1 cot α = . .
sin α 2 2 sin α
3 −1 x x 2 + 1
14. (b) I= ∫ −1
tan 2
+ tan −1
x +1 x
dx
3 −1 x x
= ∫−1
tan 2
+ cot −1 2
x +1
dx
x + 1
3 π
= ∫−1 2
dx = 2π .
1
10
15. (b) Required value = − (1 − x ) = 1 .
10 0 10
2
x x x2 1 1 1 x2
16. (c) Integrate it by parts taking log 1 + as
2
first function = log 1 +
−
2 2 0 ∫0
1+
x 2 2
dx
1 3 1 1 x2
=
2
log −
2 2 ∫ 0 x+2
dx
1 3 1 1 3 3 2
= log − − 2 + 4 log 3 − 4 log 2 = + log
2 2 2 2 4 2 3
Also as x = e to e 2 , u = 1 to 2
2 eu 2 ex
Thus, I1 = ∫1 u
du = ∫ 1 x
dx . Hence, I1 = I2 .
2
18. (c) ∫
1
log xdx = [ x log x − x ]12 = 2 log 2 − 2 + 1
4
= log 4 − 1 = log 4 − log e = log .
e
1 e x (x − 1) 1 e x ( x + 1 − 2)
19. (b) ∫
0 (x + 1) 3
dx = ∫0 (x + 1) 3
dx
1
1 ex 1 ex ex e
∫
0 (x + 1) 2
dx − 2 ∫0 (x + 1) 3
dx =
( x + 1) 2
0
= −1 .
4
π /4 1 + tan x π /4 π
20. (a) ∫
0 1 − tan x
dx = ∫0
tan + x dx
4
−π / 4
π 1
= log sec + x =− log 2 .
4 0 2
1 1 1
21. (a) Put sin x = t ⇒ cos x dx = dt, so that reduced integral is ∫ 1 + t − 2 + t dt = [log(1 + t) − log(2 + t)]
1
0
0
2 1 4
= log − log = log .
3 2 3
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π /2
22. (c) Let I= ∫ π /4
e x (log sin x + cot x )dx
π /2 π /2
I= ∫ π /4
e x log sin x dx + ∫
π /4
e x cot x dx
π /2 π /2
= ∫ π /4
e x log sin xdx + [e x log sin x ]ππ // 42 − ∫
π /4
e x log sin x dx
π π 1 π /4
= e π / 2 log sin − e π / 4 log sin = e log 2 .
2 4 2
2 2+x 0 1 + cos θ
∫
0 2−x
dx = −2 ∫
π /2 1 − cos θ
sin θ d θ
π /2 cos(θ / 2) θ θ
=4 ∫
0 sin(θ / 2)
sin cos d θ
2 2
π /2
∫
= 2 (1 + cos θ ) d θ
0
π
= 2[θ + sin θ ]π0 / 2 = 2 + 1 = π + 2 .
2
2
2 1 1 1 e2
24. (c) ∫
1
e x − 2 dx = e x =
x x x 1 2
−e .
π /2 (1 + 2 cos x ) π /2 2(cos x + 2) − 3
25. (c) ∫
0 (2 + cos x ) 2
dx = ∫0 (2 + cos x ) 2
dx
π /2 dx π /2 dx
=2 ∫0 2 + cos x
−3 ∫
0 (2 + cos x ) 2
1 dt 1 1 + t2 x
=4 ∫0 3+t 2
−6 ∫
0 (3 + t ) 2 2
dt , Put tan 2 = t
1 dt 1 dt
= −2 ∫ 0 3+t 2
+ 12 ∫ 0 (3 + t 2 ) 2
1
1 dt 1 t 1 1 dt
= −2 ∫ 0 3 + t2
+ 12 . 2 +6
t + 3 0
6 ∫ 3+t
0 2
1
t 1
= 2 2 = .
t + 3 0 2
1 t.dt 1 2 1
I= ∫0 2
t + 3t + 2
= ∫
0
t + 2 − t + 1 dt
9
= [2 log 3 − 3 log 2] = [log 9 − log 8 ] = log .
8
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π /4 sec 2 x
∴ ∫ 0 (1 + tan x )(2 + tan x )
dx
2 dt 2 dt 2 dt
= ∫1 t(1 + t)
= ∫ 1 t
− ∫1 1+t
= [log t − log(1 + t)]12
4
= log e 2 − log e 3 + log e 2 = log e .
3
sin 2 x cos 2 x
28. (c) We have I= ∫0
sin −1 t dt + ∫
0
cos −1 t dt
Putting t = sin 2 u in the first integral and t = cos 2 v in the second integral, we have
x x
I= ∫ 0
u sin 2u du − ∫π /2
v sin 2v dv
π /2 x x
= ∫ 0
u sin 2udu + ∫ π /2
u sin 2u du − ∫ π /2
v sin 2v dv
π /2
π /2 − u cos 2u 1 π /2
I= ∫ 0
u sin 2udu =
2
0
+
2 0 ∫
cos 2u du
π /2
− u cos 2u 1 π
= + (sin 2u)π0 / 2 = .
2 0 4 4
1 x4 +1 1 x4 −1 1 dx
29. (a) I= ∫ 0 x +1
2
dx = ∫ 0 x +1 2
dx + 2 ∫ 1+ x
0 2
⇒
1 1 dx
I= ∫ (x − 1)dx + 2 ∫ 1+ x
2
0 0 2
1
x3 2 π (3π − 4 )
⇒ I= − x + 2 [tan −1 x ]10 = − + = .
3 0 3 2 6
π /2 dx
30. (d) I= ∫ 0 a 2 cos 2 x + b 2 sin 2 x
.
π
Substituting b tan x = t and b sec 2 x dx = dt limit when x = 0 , then t =0 and when x= , then t = ∞,
2
dt ∞
∞ 1 1 −1 t
therefore, I= ∫0
b =
a2 + t 2 b a
tan
a 0
=
1
[
tan −1 ∞ − tan −1 0 =
1 π
− 0 =
ab 2
π
] .
ab 2 ab
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π /2 (sin x + cos x ) 2 π /2 (sin x + cos x )2
31. (c) I= ∫ 0 1 + sin 2 x
dx = ∫0
(sin x + cos x )2
dx
π /2
I= ∫ 0
(sin x + cos x )dx = (− cos x + sin x )π0 / 2
I = 1 − (−1) = 2 .
1 1+x
∫ sin 2 tan dx
−1
32. (b)
0 1− x
1 + cos θ
Put x = cos θ , then sin 2 tan −1
1 − cos θ
θ
= sin 2 tan −1 cot
2
π θ π θ
= sin 2 tan −1 tan − = sin 2 −
2 2 2 2
1 1+ x 1
∫ sin 2 tan dx =
∫
−1
Now, 1 − x 2 dx
0 1−x 0
π
1
1 1
= x 1 − x 2 + [sin −1 x ]10 = .
2 0 2 4
3 −1 x x
33. (a) I= ∫ −1
tan 2
+ cot −1 2
x +1
dx
x + 1
π π x
3
3 π
= ∫ dx =
−1 2
= 2π
2 −1
, ∵ tan −1 (x ) + cot −1 (x ) = .
2
2 dx 2 dx
⇒ 1
<
1
, ∀x ∈ (1, 2) ⇒ ∫ < ∫
1+ x 2 x 1
1+ x 2 1 x
⇒ I1 < I 2 ⇒ I 2 > I1 .
π /4 π /4 sin x + cos x
35. (c) I= ∫ 0
[ tan x + cot x ]dx = ∫ 0 sin x cos x
dx
π /4 sin x + cos x
= 2 ∫0
1 − (sin x − cos x ) 2
dx
0 dt
∴ I= 2 ∫ −1
1 − t2
π
I = 2 [sin −1 t]0−1 = 2 [0 − (−π / 2)] = .
2
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π /4 5π / 4 π /4
36. (d) I= ∫ 0
(cos x − sin x )dx + ∫π /4 ∫
(sin x − cos x ) dx + (cos x − sin x )dx
2π
π 5π π
= [sin x + cos x ]04 − [sin x + cos x ]π4 + [sin x + cos x ]24π
4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
I= + − 1 − − − − + + + − 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
I = [ 2 − 1] − [− 2 − 2 ] + [ 2 − 1]
15 dx
37. (a) I= ∫ 8 (x − 3) x + 1
dx = 2 tan θ sec 2 θ d θ
tan −1 15
1 (sec θ − 2)
= log
2 (sec θ + 2) tan −1 8
π /4
38. (d) In = ∫ 0
(sec 2 θ − 1) tan n − 2 θ d θ
π /4 π /2
In = ∫ 0
sec 2 θ tan n − 2 θ d θ − ∫0
tan n − 2 θ d θ
π /4
tan n −1 θ 1
In = − In − 2 ⇒ In + In − 2 =
n − 1 0 n −1
1 1
Hence I8 + I6 = = .
8 −1 7
e2 dx
39. (a) I= ∫ 1 x (1 + ln x )2
Let (1 + ln x ) = t ⇒ dt =
1
dx
x
3
3 dt − 1 1 2
∴ I= ∫1
= = − − 1 =
t 2 t 1 3 3
.
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π /2 cot x
40. (c) I= ∫ 0 cot x + tan x
dx .....(i)
π
cot − x
π /2 2
= ∫ 0
π π
dx
cot − x + tan − x
2 2
π /2 tan x
= ∫ 0 tan x + cot x
dx .....(ii)
π π π
41. (b) ∫ x f (sin x )dx = 2 ∫ f (sin x )dx
0 0
a 1 a
Since ∫
0
xf (x )dx = ∫
a f (x )dx , if f (a − x ) = f ( x ) .
2 0
π /2 cos x − sin x
42. (c) ∫0 1 + sin x cos x
dx = I …..(i)
π π
cos − x − sin − x
π /2
2 2 dx
Now I= ∫
0 π π
1 + sin − x cos − x
2 2
π /2 sin x − cos x
= ∫ 0 1 + sin x cos x
dx .....(ii)
On adding, 2I = 0 ⇒ I = 0 .
−1
2 − sin θ 2 − sin θ
43. (a) Since f (−θ ) = log = − log = − f (θ )
2 + sin θ 2 + sin θ
∴ f (x ) is an odd function of x .
π /2 2 − sin θ
Therefore, 2 ∫
0
log dθ = 0
2 + sin θ
.
1 bc
44. (c) I=
c ∫ f (x / c)dx
ac
x
Put = t ⇒ dx = c dt and x = bc ⇒ t = b
c
b b
x = ac ⇒ t = a then, I= ∫
a
f (t)dt = ∫ f (x )dx .
a
∫ {x − [x ]}dx = n ∫ (x − [ x ]) dx
n 1
∴
0 0
x 2
1
1 1 − 0 = n
= n
∫
0 0 ∫
x dx − [ x ] dx = n
2
0 2
.
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1
Therefore ∫ −1
x | x | dx = 0 ,
π /2 π /2
47. (a) ∫ 0
log sin x dx = ∫ 0
log cos x dx
π /2 π /2 π /2
⇒ ∫
2 I = log sin x cos x dx = log sin 2 x dx −
0 ∫ 0 ∫0
log 2dx
1 π π
=
2 ∫0
log sin tdt −
2
log 2 , (Putting 2x = t )
1 π /2 π
=
2
.2 ∫ 0
log sin t dt −
2
log 2
π −π b b
⇒ 2I = I −
2
log 2 ⇒ I =
2
log 2 , ∵
∫a
f (x )dx = ∫ f (t)dt .
a
π /4
48. (c) I= ∫ log(1 + tan θ )d θ ⇒ I= ∫
π /4 π
log 1 + tan − θ d θ
0 0
4
π /4 1 − tan θ
⇒ I= ∫ log 1 + dθ
0 1 + tan θ
π /4 π /4
⇒ I= ∫ 0 ∫
log 2d θ − log(1 + tan θ ) d θ
0
1 π /4 log 2 π
⇒I=
2 ∫0
log 2d θ =
2
| θ | π0 / 4 = log 2 .
8
π /2
49. (b) ∫ 0
| sin x − cos x | dx
π /4 π /2
= ∫ − (sin x − cos x )dx + ∫
0 π /4
(sin x − cos x )dx = 2( 2 − 1) .
1 1 + t2
Put tan x = t , we get 2 ∫
0 t4
dt
1 1 1 1
1
1
8
= 2
∫ 0
t − 4 dt + ∫ 0
t − 2 dt = 2 − 3
3 t 0
+− =−
t 0 3
.
2 −1 1 2
51. (b) ∫ | 1 − x 2 | dx = ∫ | 1 − x 2 | dx + ∫ | 1− x | dx + ∫ | 1−x
2 2
| dx
−2 −2 −1 1
−1 1 2
= − ∫ −2
(1 − x 2 ) dx + ∫
−1
(1 − x 2 ) dx − ∫1
(1 − x 2 ) dx
4 4 4
= + + = 4.
3 3 3
π
∫
2
52. (b) Let f (x ) = e sin x
cos 3 (2n + 1)x .dx
0
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1
53. (c) I= ∫ x (1 − x ) dx
n
0
1 1
−I= ∫ − x (1 − x ) dx = ∫ (1 − x − 1)(1 − x ) dx
n n
0 0
1 1
∫ (1 − x ) ∫ (1 − x ) dx
n +1
= dx − n
0 0
1 1
(1 − x )n + 2 (1 − x )n +1 1 1
= − = −
− (n + 2 ) 0 − (n + 1 ) 0 n + 2 n +1
1 1
⇒I= − .
n +1 n + 2
π x tan x π (π − x ) tan(π − x )
54. (a) Let I = ∫ dx = ∫ dx
0 sec x + cos x 0 sec(π − x ) + cos(π − x )
π π sin x
2∫
It gives I= dx
0 1 + cos 2 x
π π π2
Now put cos x = t and solve, we get I= × = .
2 2 4
b b
55. (b) Since I= ∫ a ∫
xf (x )dx = (a + b − x ) f (a + b − x )dx
a
⇒
b b
∫
I = (a + b )f (x )dx − xf (x )dx
a ∫ a
{∵ f (a + b − x ) = f (x )given}
a+b
⇒ ⇒
b b b
2 I = (a + b) f ( x )dx ∫ a
I= ∫ a
x f (x )dx =
2 ∫ f (x )dx .
a
a+T
56. (c) Consider the function g(a) = ∫ f (x )dx
a
0 T a+T
= ∫ a
f (x )dx + ∫0
f (x )dx + ∫T
f (x )dx
a+T a a
Putting x −T = y in last integral, we get ∫
T
f (x )dx = ∫
0
f (y + T )dy = ∫ f (y)dy
0
⇒
0 1 a T
g(a) = ∫ a
f (x )dx + ∫ 0
f (x )dx + ∫ f (x )dx = ∫ f (x )dx
0 0
Then f (− x ) = 1 − x + x 2 − 1 + x + x 2 = − f (x )
1
Hence f (x ) is an odd function and so ∫ f (x )dx = 0 .
−1
e 1 e
58. (b) ∫1/e
| log x | dx = ∫ 1/e
− log x dx + ∫ log x dx
1
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1 1 2 1
= (1 − 0 ) − − (−1) + e − e + 1 = 2 − = 2 1 − .
e e e e
3π / 4 φ 3π / 4 π −φ
59. (a) I= ∫ π /4 1 + sin φ
dφ = ∫ π /4 1 + sin(π − φ )
dφ
π 3π
∵ + = π
4 4
3π / 4 π
⇒ 2I = ∫ dφ
π /4 1 + sin φ
π
On simplification, we get I = π ( 2 − 1) = π tan .
8
3 x
60. (d) I= ∫ 2 5−x + x
dx …..(i)
b b
Using the property I= ∫ a
f (x )dx = ∫ f (a + b − x )dx
a
2 5−x 3 5−x
∴I = ∫ 3 x + 5−x
(−dx ) = ∫2 5−x + x
dx …..(ii)
3 x + 5−x 3
Adding (i) and (ii), 2I = ∫ 2 5−x + x ∫
dx = 1dx
2
1
= [ x ] 32 = 3 − 2 = 1 ⇒ I = .
2
π /2 4 + 3 sin x
61. (c) Let I= ∫ 0
log dx .
4 + 3 cos x
π /2 4 + 3 cos x
Then, I= ∫ 0
log dx
4 + 3 sin x
,
π /2 π /2 π
∵
∫ 0
f ( x )dx = ∫ 0
f − x dx
2
π /2 4 + 3 sin x
⇒ I=− ∫ log dx = − I
0 4 + 3 cos x
⇒ 2I = 0 ⇒ I = 0 .
1
−1 2x − 1 1
−1 x + (x − 1)
62. (b) I= ∫ tan
0
1 + x − x
2
dx = ∫ tan
0
1 − x ( x − 1) dx
∫ (tan
−1
I= x + tan −1 (x − 1)) dx
0
1 1
∫ tan −1 x dx + ∫ tan
−1
I= (x − 1) dx
0 0
1 1
∫ tan ∫
−1
I= x dx + tan −1 (1 − x − 1) dx ,
0 0
a a
{Using ∫0
f (x )dx = ∫ f (a − x )dx in second integral}
0
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1 1
∫ tan ∫ tan
−1 −1
I= x dx + (− x ) dx
0 0
1 1
∫ tan ∫ tan
−1 −1
I= x dx − x dx = 0 .
0 0
1 sin x − x 2 1 sin x 1 x2
63. (c) I= ∫ −1 3 −| x |
dx = ∫−1 3−| x |
dx − ∫−1 3− | x |
dx
sin x x2
Here, f (x ) = is an odd function but f (x ) = is an even function
3− | x | 3− | x |
1 x2 1 x2 1 − x2
∴I=− ∫−1 3 − | x |
dx = −2 ∫0 3− | x |
dx = 2 ∫0 3− | x |
dx .
a a
∵
∫
0
f (x )dx = ∫ f (a − x )dx
0
π /2 π
2 I = dx ⇒ I = ∫ 0 4
.
π /2 2 sin x
66. (a) I= ∫ 0 2 sin x + 2 cos x
dx …..(i)
π
sin − x
π /2 2 π /2 2 cos x
∫
2
I= ∫ dx = dx …..(ii)
0 π
sin − x
π
cos − x 0 2 cos x
+ 2 sin x
2 2
+2 2
π
Therefore, I= .
4
1 log x e2 log x 0 2
= ∫e −1
−
x
dx + ∫
1 x
dx = ∫ −1
− zdz + zdz ∫ 0
,
(Putting log e x = z ⇒ (1 / x ) dx = dz )
0 2
z2 z2 1 5
= − + = +2= .
2 −1 2 0 2 2
2 1 2
68. (c) I= ∫ 0
[ x 2 ] dx =
∫ [x0
2
] dx + ∫1
[ x 2 ] dx
1 2
= ∫ 0
0 dx + ∫ 1
dx = [ x ]1 2 = 2 − 1 .
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π 2π
69. (b) ∫0
2 sin x dx + ∫ 0. dx
π
= 2 [− cos x ]π0 + 0
[(1 + x 2 ) − x 2 ]
= log = log 1 − log( 1 + x 2 + x )
( 1+ x 2
+ x)
= − log( 1 + x 2 + x ) = − f (x )
1
Hence, ∫ −1
log ( x + 1 + x 2 ) = 0 ,
a
∵
∫ −a
f (x ) = 0, if f (− x ) = − f (x ) .
2 3 4 5
⇒I= ∫ [−(x − 3)]dx + ∫ [−(x − 3)]dx + ∫
1 2 3
[ x − 3 ] dx + ∫
4
[ x − 3 ] dx
2 3 4 5
⇒I= ∫ dx + ∫ 0 dx + ∫ 0 dx + ∫
1 2 3 4
dx = [ x ]12 + [ x ] 54
⇒ I = (2 − 1) + (5 − 4 ) = 2 .
1 log x e2 log x 0 2
= ∫ e −1
−
x
dx + ∫
1 x
dx = ∫ −1
− zdz + zdz ∫
0
,
(Putting log e x = z ⇒ (1 / x ) dx = dz )
0 2
z2 z2 1 5
= − + = +2= .
2 −1 2 0 2 2
a 0 a
We know that, ∫ −a
f (x )dx = 0 = ∫ f (x )dx + ∫ f (x )dx
−a 0
0 1 0
⇒ ∫ −1 ∫
f (x ) dx + f (x ) dx = 0 ⇒
0 ∫ f (x )dx = −5
−1
0
⇒ ∫ −1
f (t) dt = −5 .
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−1 0 1 2
= ∫−2
2 dx + ∫−1
1dx + ∫ 0 dx + ∫ 1dx
0 1
= 2[ x ] −−12 + [ x ] −0 1 + 0 + [ x ]12
= 2(−1 + 2) + (0 + 1) + (2 − 1) = 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 .
∫ e x −[ x ] dx = 1000 ∫e
x −[ x ]
∴ dx ,
0 0
[∵ [ x ] = 0, if 0 < x < 1]
1 1 π
∫ tan
−1
=2 x dx = 2 [tan −1 x − log(1 + x 2 )]10 = − log 2 .
0 2 2
1 + x
78. (c) Since log is an odd function
1 − x
−2
2 1 + x 1 − x
∴ ∫ −2
p log
1− x
+ q log
1+ x
+ r dx
2
=r ∫ −2
dx = 4 r. Hence depends on the value of r.
∴ dx = dt . When x = −3 → 5 , then t = −2 → 6
5 6 6
Therefore, ∫ f (x )dx = ∫ f (t − 1)dt =∫ f (x − 1)dx .
−3 −2 −2
π π
Now, 2I = ∫
0 ∫
xf (sin x )dx + (π − x ) f [sin(π − x )]dx
0
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π π
∫
= πf (sin x )dx = π f (sin x )dx
0 ∫
0
π /2
⇒ 2 I = 2π f (sin x )dx ∫0
π /2 π
∴ I =π ∫ f (sin x )dx
0 ∫
= A f (sin x )dx
0
. Hence A =π .
x +π π x +π
82. (a) g( x + π ) = ∫
0
cos 4 t dt = ∫ 0
cos 4 t dt + ∫π
cos 4 t dt
= g(π ) + f ( x )
x
f (x ) = ∫
0
cos 4 u du = g( x ) , (∵ t = π + u )
θ
2
π /2 π /2
83. (a) Let I= ∫
0
θ
sin
d θ = [−θ 2 cot θ ]π0 / 2 + ∫0
2θ . cot θ . d θ
π /2
= 2[θ . log sin θ ]π0 / 2 − 2 log sin θ d θ ∫ 0
I π /2
⇒
2
= 0 − lim θ log . sin θ − log sin θ d θ
θ →0 0 ∫
π
⇒ log 2 . Hence I = π log 2 .
2
3 3
84. (c) ∫
0
(3 ax 2 + 2bx + c)dx = ∫1
(3 ax 2 + 2bx + c)dx
⇒
1 3
3
= ∫ 1
(3 ax 2 + 2bx + c)dx
⇒
1
1
3 ax 3 2bx 2
⇒ + + cx = 0 ⇒ a + b + c = 0 .
3 2 0
x 1
85. (c) Given function L(x ) = ∫
1 t
dt = [log t]1x = log x − log 1
−1 1 2
2 x2 x2
=x − x + x − + − x
3 − 2 3 −1 3 1
2 2 2 1 10 28
= + + 2 + (9 − 3) − − 1 = +6 = .
3 3 3 3 3 3
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1
⇒ f (sin x ) =
1
⇒ f (x ) =
1
⇒ f =3.
sin 2 x x2 3
1
88. (c) Let I= ∫ f (k − 1 + x )dx
0
⇒ ⇒
k k
I= ∫k −1
f (t) dt , Where t = k − 1 + x I= ∫ f (x )dx
k −1
∑∫
k 1 2 n
∴
k =1
k −1
f ( x )dx = ∫ 0
f ( x )dx + ∫ 1
f ( x )dx + ..... + ∫ f (x )dx
n −1
n
= ∫ f (x ) dx .
0
1 1 1
− dx x+
∞ ∞ ∞
xdx 2 2
∫ ∫ ∫
89. (c) = 2 + dx
0 (1 + x )(1 + x 2 ) 0 (1 + x ) 0 1+ x2
∞
−1 1 1 1
= log(1 + x ) + × [log (1 + x 2 )] ∞0 + [tan −1 x ] ∞0
2 0 2 2 2
1 π π
=0+0+ − 0 = .
2 2 4
π /2
90. (b) ∫−π / 2sin 2 x cos 2 x (sin x + cos x )dx
π /2 π /2
= ∫−π / 2 sin 3 x cos 2 xdx + ∫ −π / 2
sin 2 x cos 3 x dx
π /2 2 4
=0+2 ∫ 0
sin 2 x cos 3 xdx = 0 + 2 × =
15 15
1 1
91. (c) F ' ( x ) =| x | > 0 ∀x ∈ − ,
2 2
1 1
Hence the function is increasing on − 2 , 2 and therefore F(x ) has maxima at the right end
1 1
point of − 2 , 2 .
1 1/2
⇒ Max F(x ) = F = ∫ | t | dt = −
3
.
2 1 8
1 d 1 π
92. (c) ∫ −1
tan −1 dx = −2[tan −1 ( x )]10 = −
dx x 2
.
∞ xdx
93. (a) I= ∫ 0 (1 + x )(1 + x 2 )
x x
94. (a) Let ∫
F1 ( x ) = y 1 = (2 t − 5 )dt
2
and F2 ( x ) = y 2 = ∫ 2t dt
0
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6 36
On solving, we get x 2 = x 2 − 5x + 6 ⇒ x = and y = x2 = . Thus point of intersection is
5 25
6 36
, .
5 25
∞ x log x
95. (a) I= ∫
0 (1 + x 2 ) 2
dx
π /2
= ∫ sin θ cos θ log (tan θ ) dθ
0
1 π /2
=
2 ∫ sin 2θ log ( tan θ ) dθ
0
=0,
π /2
0 ∫
∵ sin 2θ log tan θ d θ = 0 .
1
2 x π
96. (c) I = sin −1 −1 −1
= sin (1) − sin (0 ) =
2
.
1 + x 0 2
x4
97. (b) We have f (x ) = ∫ x2
sin t dt
∴ f ' (x ) = d
( x 4 )(sin x 4 ) −
d
( x 2 ) (sin x 2 )
dx dx
= 4 x 3 sin x 2 − 2 x sin x .
∞ dx
98. (a) Putting x = tan θ , we get ∫
0
x + x2 +1
3
π /2 sec 2 θ d θ π /2 cos θ
= ∫
0 (tan θ + sec θ )3
= ∫0 (1 + sin θ ) 3
dθ
π /2
1 1 1 3
= − 2
=− + = .
2(1 + sin θ ) 0 8 2 8
a π /2
Now ∫ 0
x 4 a 2 − x 2 dx = a 6 ∫0
sin 4 θ cos θ cos θ d θ
π /2
= a6 ∫0
sin 4 θ cos 2 θ d θ
Put x 3 = t ⇒ 3 x 2 dx = dt
64 e sin t 64
F(t) = ∫
1 t ∫
dt = F(t)dt = F(64 ) − F(1),
1
On comparing, k = 64 .
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a
101. (a) I= ∫
0
x 2 (a 2 − x 2 ) 3 / 2 dx
π /2
I= ∫
0
a 2 sin 2 θ .a 3 cos 3 θ .a cos θ d θ
3 5
π /2 Γ .Γ
=a ∫ sin θ cos θ d θ = a 2 2
6 2 4 6
0 8
2 .Γ
2
1 3 1
. π. . . π
2 2 2 πa 6
=a 6
= .
2 .3 .2 .1 32
n n 1
102. (b) We have, lim + + ...... +
n →∞ 1+n
2
4 + n2 2n
n n n n
= lim ∑ = lim ∑
n →∞ r =1 r +n2 2 n →∞ r =1 r2
n 2 1 + 2
n
∑
1 1 dx
= lim
n →∞
r =1
r 2
= ∫0 1+ x2
,
n 1 + 2
n
1 99
+ 2 99 + ..... + n 99 n r 99
103. (b) nlim = lim ∑
100
→∞ n 100 n →∞ r =1 n
99 1
1 n
r 1 x 100 1
= lim ∑ = ∫0 x dx = 100 = 100 .
99
n →∞ n n
r =1 0
1 p + 2 p + 3 p + ..... + n p
n
rp
104. (a) lim
n →∞ n p +1
= lim
n →∞
∑ n
r =1
p +1
1
1
n
r
p
1 x p +1 1
= lim
n →∞ n
∑ =
r =1
n ∫ 0
x p dx = =
p + 1 0 p + 1
.
1/n 1/n
n ! 1 2 3 4 n
105. (b) Let P = lim n = lim . . . ..........
x →∞ n n →∞ n n n n n
1 1 2 n
∴ log P = lim log + log + ...... + log
n n → ∞ n n n
n 1 r
log P = lim ∑ log
n →∞ r =1 n n
∞ log(1 + x 2 )
106. (b) Let I= ∫0 1+ x2
dx
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π /2 π /2
∴ I= ∫0
log(sec θ ) 2 d θ = 2 log sec θ d θ ∫
0
π /2 π 1 1
= −2 ∫ 0
log cos θ d θ = −2 .
2
log
2
= −π log = π log 2 .
2
n n
r2 r2
∑n ∑ n sec
1 1 2 4 3 9 1 r 1 r
107. (b) lim 2 sec 2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 + 2 sec 2 2 + ..... + sec 2 1 is equal to lim sec 2 = lim 2
n →∞
2
n n n n n n n n →∞
r =1 n 2 n →∞ n r =1 n2
1 1
= 1 ∫0 2 x sec 2 x 2 dx = 1 ∫0 sec 2 t dt , [Put x2 = t ]
2 2
1 1
= [tan t ]10 = tan 1 .
2 2
1 1 1
108. (b) y = lim + + .... +
n →∞ n
n2 + n n 2 + (n − 1)n
1 1 1
⇒ y = lim +
n →∞ n
+ .... +
1 (n − 1)
n 1+ n 1+
n n
1 1 1
⇒ y = lim 1 + + .... +
n n →∞ 1 (n − 1)
1+ 1+
n n
1 n 1 k −1 1
y = lim ∑ , Put =x and = dx
n →∞ n k =1 (k − 1) n n
1+
n
n −1
[ ]
n −1
n
⇒ y = lim ∫
dx
= lim 2 1 + x n
0
n →∞
0 1+ x n →∞
2n − 1 2n − 1
⇒ y = 2 lim
n →∞
− 1 = 2 lim
→ ∞
−2
n n n
⇒ y = 2 lim 2 −
n →∞
1
−2 = 2 2 −2.
n
2n 1 r/n 2 x
109. (b) L = lim
n → ∞ r =1
∑ . = ∫0 dx = 5 − 1 .
n 1 + (r / n) 2 1+ x2
1 xb −1 1 x b log x
110. (d) Let I(b ) = ∫0 log x
dx ⇒ I' (b ) = ∫0 log x
dx
b b
(If I(α ) = ∫ f (x , α )dx , then
0
I' (α ) = ∫ f ' (x, α )dx , where
0
f ' (x , α ) is derivative of f (x , α ) w.r.t. α keeping x
constant)
1 1
I′(b ) = ∫x dx =
b
0 b +1
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⇒ I(b ) =
db
∫ b + 1 + c = log(b + 1) + c
If b =0, then I(b ) = 0 , so c=0 ⇒ I(b ) = log(b + 1) .
1 1 1 1
111. (d) nlim + + + ..... +
→∞ n n +1 n + 2 2n
1 1 1 1
= lim + + + .... +
n →∞
n n +1 n + 2 n + n
1 1 1 1
= lim 1 + + + .... +
n n →∞ 1 2 n
1+ 1+ 1+
n n n
1 n 1 1 1
= lim ∑ = ∫0 1 + x dx
n n→∞ r =0 r
1+
n
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