INTERVIEW QUESTION AND ANSWER

FATHER OF SAFETY- HERBERT

William Heinrich – was an American Industries Safety

WORLD SAFETY DAY- 28 APRIL

SAFETY: THE ABSENCE OF RISK OF SERIOUS PERSONAL INJURY.

1) Safety: it is a condition which give you freedom from accident, hazard risk which may cause injury,
damage material or property damage

2) Accident: It is an unexpected and unplanned event which not or may result in injury or damage or
property loss or death.

3) Hazard: Inherent property of a substance or an occurrence which has potential to cause loss or
damage property, person environment.

4) Risk: In probability of the realization of potential for loss or damage injury.

HEALTH THE ABSENCE OF DESEASE.

5) Incident: It is an event which represent deviation from the indented sequence designed step.

6) Policy: Any company has a social and legal obligation to provide a safe and health working
environment to all his employees.

7) LEL: The minimum concentration of vapour, gasses and dust in air below which propagation of
flame does not accrue on content with a source of ignition is called LEL.

WELFARE → ACCES TO BASIC FACILITIES

8) UEL: Maximum concentration of vapour gasses and dust in air.

9) JSA: The procedure of analysing job for the specific purpose of finding the hazard of developing.

10) INSPECTION TYPE

 Continuous inspection
 Periodic inspection
 Intermitted inspection
 Statutory inspection- accident, ppe

HAZARD SOMETHING TO POTENTIAL CAUSE HARM

11) Fire

A Wood, paper, cloth

B oil, grease, petrol. (liquid)

C Chlorine, methane, acetylene (metal)

 E Cooking oil and fats (kitchen fire)

12) Fire Extinguisher

 Water- A fire
 Form- B fire
 CO2- C fire
 DCP- C, D or E

13) HAVS Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome can be caused by frequent and prolonged use of hand held
power tools.

RISK PROBEBILITY OF OCCURRENCE

14) Hydrogen Sulphide H2s

It is a by-product formed by the decompression of organic matter.

 ppm parts per million

 Percentage 1% of H2s- 10000 ppm
 Density- 1.187 (19% heavier than air)
 Flammability- auto ignite 260◦

Sulphur Dioxide (So2)

 4.3% LEL and 46% UEL

 Iron sulphide on carbon steel.
 1 to 5 ppm- rotter egg
 5 to 75 ppm- live
 1000 ppm- stop breathing
 7000 ppm- loss of consequences death almost instantly

15) 1988 disaster occurred on the piper alpha platform in UK. (PTW) (google it)

16) Conveyor: fixed guard – converter drum nip guard – between belt and rotating roller edge guard
– prevent falling of the conveyor

Adequate space – working space maintenance, noise, dust, illumination emergency stops.

17) Procedural Measure such as PTW.

18) Physical Measure such as mats and appropriate tools.

19) Suspension Trauma / Orto Static Intolerance.

20) DAVIT HARM SYSTEM

OEL Occupational Exposure Limit.

21) LEL Local Exhaust Ventilation

22) Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Cloud Explosion (BLEVE)

 It is on explosion caused by the rapture of vessel contacting a pressurised liquid that has
reacted temperature above its poling point (192)
23) HEAT DETECTOR: fixed temperature type → rate of rise detector it is detect abnormally fast
temperature rises by means of Elec monic resistor or thermistor.

24) GPR Ground Penetrating Radar is a high resolution electromagnetic technique that is designed
primarily to investigate the shallow surface of earth, building, materials, road.

25) ELECTROLYTIC CORROSION- it is an electrochemical process in which one metal corrodes

preferentially when in electrical contact with different type of metal and both metals are immersing
in an electrolyte.

26) SMOKE DETECTOR: ionising and optical detector and photo electric detect.

27) ERGONOMICS: The applied science of equipment designed as for the workplace intended to
maximum production by reducing operator fatigue and discomfort.

28) Occupational Safety And Health Administrator (OSHA)

29) ACUTE EXPOSURE: Immediate exposure to a hazardous substance in a short term period.

30) CHRONIC EFFECT: Multiple exposure long period of time.

CONFINED SPACE MINIMUM OXYGEN LEVEL = 19.5% TO 23.5%

31) CONFINED SPACE: an enclosed area that has the potential to cause serious harm from hazardous
subtends or condition with in the space.

32) COSHH: Control of substance hazardous to health.

33) EMERGENCY PLAN: A plan detailing the exact action to be taken in the event of emergency with
the aim of evacuation all person from dangers environment or condition.

34) ERGONOMIC HAZARD: working method that have the potential to damage the musculoskeletal
system including forceful movement, vibration, extreme temperature, improper lifting technique
and inappropriate work station.

35) CONTROL MEASURES: [TIMMSPIES] Training, inspection, maintain, monitoring, supervise,

prevent contact, information, environment, Safe system of work.

36) AEROSOL: This is solid or liquid particular, nature or manmade which can remain suspended in
air [ paint spray, and smoke]

37) ASPHYXIATE: A chemical usually in a gas or vapour state, which displays oxygen or prevent its
use in the body by other chemical.

38) AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE: this is the lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite
and sustain combustion in the absence of an ignition source.

39) PYROPHORIC GAS: means a chemical in a gaseous state that will ignite spntonenusly in air at a
temperature of 130-degree f [54.4c] or below

DP DYE PENETRANT

RT RADIOGRAPHY TEST

40) NEAR MISS: undesirable event which has the potential to cause loss.

41) RADIATION MEASURING UNIT: micro server or mille ram.

42) MOBILE CRANE: Pneumatic crane, crawler crane, tower crane, EOT crane, overhead crane,
gantry crane, single rail crane.

43) HYPO TEST: it is insulation leakage test done for high electrical cable, with high voltage merger.

44) Smothering- cut off oxygen.

Starving- remove fuel.

Cooling- reduce heating.

45) Reactive monitoring which is used in the investigation of accident incident or dangerous
occurrence.

46) Proactive monitoring which involve checking that standards practice procedure and system
compare.

47) BARRIER TO GOOD STANDARDS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

 Complexity: different kind of people different task different equipment one working is a
same place
 Conflicting Demand: organisation and people training to make profit and target of
production at the same time they need to comply different standards and lows.
 Behavioural Issues: working there on Way, they do wrong thing it is the wright think to
do.

48) REASON FOR MAINTAIN GOOD HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS

 Moral Reason
 Legal Reason
 Economic Reason

49) DUTIES OF EMPLOYER

 Safe Work Place

 Safe Plant and Equipment
 Safe System of work
 Training Supervision and Competency of statics.

50) DIRECT COST

 Fire in criminal cost

 Compensation of victim
 First Aid Treatment
 Work Sick Pay
 Repair and replacement of equipment
 Loss of damaged product
 Over time and loss time
51) INDIRECT COST

 Lost of staff from productive duties they dealing investigation hospital visit, prepare
report.
 Loss of staff moral
 Cost of remedial action following an investigation
 Enforcement Notice
 Cost of recruiting new labour
 Loss of goodwill
 Damage Public Image
 Damage Industrial Relation

52) Consequences Of Non-Compliance

 Formal Enforcement Action

 Prosecution of the organisation in the criminal court
 Prosecution of individual such as direction manager and worker

53) ISO 9001: Quality

ISO 14001: Environmental

ISO 12100: Safety of machine

OSHAS 18001-H AND S

ISO 45001- OSH MS

54) KEY ELEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Policy
 Organisation
 Planning
 Evaluation
 Action for Improvement

55) PDCA of SMS

Plan: what you want to do

Do: implement your plan

Check: see if the plan work

Act: modify your action accordingly

56) POLICY SECTION

 General Statement of Indent: goal and objective of organisation it spells out overall HSMS
approach signed by CED, reduce accident ratio
 Organisation Section: Duties and responsibility of CEO, Manager, employee, HSE
  Arraignment Section: risk assessment documentation for accident report, incident, near
miss, housekeeping, welfare facility, fire and safety prevention emergency procedure,
compline monitoring, training, lone work, vibration, noise, toxic materials, waste disposal.

57) WAY THAT A CLIENT MANAGE CONTRACTOR

 Selection of the right contractor

 Planning of the work
 Coordination of the work between client and contractor
 Monitoring the work to ensure they working on health safety standards.

58) INDICATORS USED TO ACCESS SAFETY CULTURE

 Accident: accident rate that is higher than the national average might be seen as an
indicator of negative safety culture.
 Absent sum
 Sickness Rate
 Staff Turnover: workers stay with their employer for long so low staff turnover may
indicate positive safety culture.

59) FACTORS INCLUDING SAFETY RELATED BEHAVIOUR

 Organisation
 Job Factor
 Industrial Factors

60) ERGONOMICS: The study of the relation between the worker the work they are doing and the
environment in which they are doing it.

61) ORGANISATION FACTORS

 Safety Culture
 Policy
 Commitment and Leadership of Management
 Level of Supervision
 Peer Group Pressure
 Communication with Worker
 Training

62) JOB FACTOR

Task, work factor, environment, procedure

63) INDIVIDUAL FACTOR

 Attitude
 Competence
 Motivation

64) LIFTING PLAN

 Total load weight information

CC- certified capacity 50 tone

LW- Load weight 03.75tone

LGW- lifting gear weight 0.5 tone

TLW= LW+LGW

65) IMPROVING HEALTH AND SAFETY BEHAVIOUR

 Management Commitment and Leader Ship

 Disciplinary Action
 Competent Staff
 Keeping Update
 Effective Communication
 Training

66) COMMUNICATION

 written, verbal, graphical, broadcasting method

67) RISK ASSESSMENT

 Identify the hazard

 Identify the people who might be harmed and how
 Evaluate the risk and decide on precaution
 Record the significand finding and implement them
 Review and update as necessary

68) HAZARD IDENTIFICATION METHOD

 Inspection
 Task analysis
 Legislation
 Manufacture information
 Incident date

AMENOMETER- WIND SPEED MEASURING INSTRUMENT

69) EMERGENCY CONTROL MEASURE

 Isolation or total enclosure

 Separation or segregation
 Partial enclosure
 Safety device
70) ADMINISTRATION CONTROL

 Safe system of work

 Reduce exposure
 Information, instruction, training and supervision

71) RISK ASSESSMENT

 Formalised process of identifying hazard, assessing the risk that they generate and them
either eliminating and controlling the risk.

72) SAFETY SIGNS

 Prohibition: directed to stopping dentures behaviour [no smoking]

 Warning: Tell people to particular hazard [forklift track operating in the area]
 Mandatory: instruct people to take a specific action
 Safe condition: identify safe behaviour or safe place of safety. [ First aid station]
 Firefighting equipment: identify particular item of equipment

BOATSWAIN CHAIRS BEING USED FOR PAINTING

73) Runaway Reaction: an uncontrolled exothermic reaction where the heat produced exceed the
heat removed. The surplus heat raises the temperature of the reaction mass and hence reaction rate
resulting in a runaway mechanism.

74) KEY ELEMENT OF PTW

 Issue
 Receipt
 Clearance
 Cancellation

75) EMERGENCY ARRANGEMENTS

 Procedures to be followed
 Provision of suitable equipment
 Nomination of responsible staff
 Provision of training and information
 Drill and exercise
 Contracting the emergency service

76) THREE PS OF FIRST AID

 Preserve Life
 Prevent Deterioration
 Promote Recovery
77) Active monitoring: before accident

78) Reactive monitoring: after accident

SCAFFOLDING PLANK MUST BE PROVIDE MAXIMUM 1 INCH GAP

79) SYSTEMATIC INSPECTION

 Plant: machine vehicle

 Premises: environment
 People: behaviour
 Procedure: PTW, JSA, MS

80) DIFFERENT INSPECTION

 Routine inspection
 Statutory inspection
 Periodic inspection
 Pre use check

81) ACCIDENT INCIDENT ROTE

Air number of accident during a specific period *1000

Average number of workers over the same time

82) BASIC INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE

 Gather factual investigation about the event

 Analyse that information and draw conclusion about the immediate and root course
 Plan the remedial action

83) ACCIDENT: unplanned and uninvent which leads to injury damage or loss.

 Injury Accident: an unplanned unwanted event which leads to personal injury of some short
 Damage Only Accident: an unplanned unwanted event which lead to damage on equipment
or property

84) NEAR MISS: unplanned unwanted event that had the potential lead to injury damage or loss but
not do so

85) DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE: a specific event that has to be reported to the relevant authority by
statute law.

86) WORK RELATED ILL HEALTH: disease or medical condition caused by a person at work.

87) STROBOSCOPIC EFFECT: it is a visual phenomenon caused by analysing that occurrence when
continues motion is represented by a serious of short or instantaneous sample
88) AUDITING

The structural process of collecting indented information on the efficiency, effectiveness, and
reliability of the total health and safety management system and drawing up plans corrective action,

89) PRE AUDITING PREPARATION

 The scope of audit

 The area of audit
 The extent of audit
 Who will be require
 Information gathering

90) ISSUE TO BE CONSIDER IN THE REVIEW

 Legal compliance
 Accident and incident date
 Absence of sickness data
 Quality assurance report
 Audit report
 Monitoring data, records, report,
 Consultation
 Objective met
 Action from previous reviews
 Legal and best practice development
 External communication and compliance

UT ULTRASONIC TEST NDT NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST ET ELECTROMAGNETIC TESTING

91) WORK ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENT

Space, seating, ventilation, lighting, heating, noise

92) MINIMUM WELFARE STANDARDS

Drinking water, toilet, washing, change room, accommodation clothing, resting, eating facility.

93) HEAT EFFECT EXPOSURE

• Dehydration: water loss

• Muscle Cramps: salt loss
• Heat Stress
• Heat Exhaustion
• Heat Stroke
94) EFFECT OF WORKING IN COLD

 Hypothermia: below 35 c, shivering, mood swing, irritation behaviour

 Frost bite: body tissue frozen
 Slip hazard

95) Flash Point: the lowest temperature of the liquid of which sufficient vapour is given off to flash

96) Fire Point: the lowest temperature at which the application of the ignition source will leads to
continues burning.

97) Auto Ignition Temperature: the lowest temperature at which the substance ignites without the
applicant of on extreme ignition source.

98) TIE WITH BUILDING SCAFFOLDERS

 Reveal Tie
 Through Tie
 Racer Tie

99) SCAFFOLDING MATERIALS

 standards, ledgers, transoms, bracing, base plate, sole board, work platform, guard rails,
toe board, ladders, zig zag, joint pin, couplers.

100) Mobile scaffolding manufacturing ratio base: height ratio

1:3.5 base = 1mtr

Height = 3.5 mtr

101) PREVENTION OF EXCAVATION SIDE

BATTERY: the side of the excavation can be stopped back at an angle that is sufficiently shallow that
the soil will not.

SHORING: the side of the excavation can be supported with metal or timber that is fixed in place
inside the excavation.

TRENCH BOT: the side of the excavation can be temporally supported by a metal box that can be
lifted in to the excavation and moved along to give a protected work area.

102) ROLL BAR OR ROLL GAGE: part of the structure of the vehicle that prevents the driver from
being crashed should the vehicle roll over on to side or top it is also known as a roll over protective
structure.

MOBILE ELEVATED WORK PLATFORM [MEWPS]

103) MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDER [MSD]

 Work related upper limp disorder [WRULDS]

 Repetitive shrine injury [RSI]
 Display screen equipment

104) ERGONOMICS

The study of the relationship between the worker the work that they are doing and the
environment in which they are doing

105) ERGONOMICS FACTOR INFLUENCING RISK

 Task factor: reputation force

 Environment factor: lighting temperature humidity ventilation
 Equipment factor: equipment design, equipment adjustability

106) COMMON MANUAL HANDLING INJURY

 Back Injury, tendon and ligament injury, muscle injury, hernias, WRULDS, cut, burn, broken
born

FALL ARRESTER SYSTEM ANCHOR MUST BE CAPABLE OF SUPPORTING A STATIC LOAD OF 5000 LBS

107) MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENT OF EQUIPMENT

 Planned prevent maintenance

 Condition based maintenance: break pad on a car might be inspected every 10000 km
 Breakdown maintenance

108) MECHANICAL HAZARD

 Crushing: the body is trapped between two moving part or one moving part and fixed
object
 Shearing: a part of body [ usually the finger] is trapped between two moving part of the
machine.
 Cutting: contact is made with a moving sharp edge part such as blade.
 Entanglement: lose items such as clothing or heir get caught on a rotating machine part
and the person is drawn in to the machine,
 Impact: the body is truck by a powered part crush but no fixed structure
 Drawing in or Trapping: a part of a body is caught between two moving parts drawn into it
 Stabbing: sharp parts of a machine or parts or materials ejected from the machine
penetrate the body
 Fraction: contact is made with a fast moving surface which may smooth or rough
 High Pressure Fluid Injection: fluid at very high pressure is ejected from the machine and
penetrate the skin.
109) NON MECHANICAL HAZARD

 Electricity
 Noise
 Vibration
 Hazardous substance
 Ionising radiation
 Non noising radiation
 Ergonomics
 Slip trip and fall

110) MACHINE SAFEGUARDING METHOD

 Pressure mate
 Adjustable and self-adjustable guards
 Interlocking guard e.g.: micro wave oven
 Sensitive protective equipment
 Trip bars
 Photo electric device
 Two-hand controls
 Hold to run controls
 Emergency stop controls
 Protective appliance
 PPE

111) BASIC REQUIREMENT OF SAFETY

 Suitable for the intended purpose

 Meets relevant standards
 Strong and robust
 Computable
 O rough or sharp edge
 No easy to default or bypass
 Easy to maintenance
 Must not block any ventilation
 Does not increase overall risk to the operator
 Renewal for maintenance
 Must not interface with any need to see in to the machine

112) OHMS LOW: V = 1*R

V- Voltage: a potential clifterence or electrical driving force pressure that forcing electrically
through the conduction

→ I – current: a measure of the rate of flow of electricity throw a conductor

R- Resistance: a measure of how much a component in the current resist the passage of electricity

Voltage= current* resistance

Volts= Amps* OHMS

SMOKE ALARM PROVIDE 900 SQURE FEET OF COVERAGE

MAXIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO DETECTOR 30 FEET

113) DIRECT CURRENT DC it is used for battery – supplied electrical system circuit current flow in
one direction only.

114) ALTERNATIVE CURRENT AC: domestic house and work place flow forwards and backwords
through the circuit

115) ELECTRIC SHOCK

Current flow effect

0.5- 2 threshold of sensation tingling sensation muscle tremor

2 – 10

10- 60 muscle inability to let go inability to breath

60 above ventricular fibrillation cardio arrest, extreme muscle

contraction,

116) FACTORS INFLUENCING ELECTRIC SHOCK

 Voltage
 Duration
 Frequency
 Resistance
 Contact surface area
 Environment
 Nature of clothing and footwear

117) ELECTRICAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

Fuse: A Week Line in The Circuit

 Miniature circuit breaker MVB: it’s an electro mechanical devise, similar as fuse, but it’s
does not melt it simply tripped out.
 Earthling: A low resistance path to earth for fault current.
 Isolation of supply: cutting the power
 Double isolation: separating people from the conductor using two layer of insulation.
 Residual current devices

118) PRINCIPLE OF HEAT TRANSMISSION AND FIRE SPREAD

 DIRECT BURNING: where a flame frond moves along or through the burning materials
 CONVECTION: that hot rises and cold air sinks
 CONDUCTION: the heat can be transmitted through solid materials
  RADIATION: Heat energy can be radiated through air in the form of infrared heat waves
which travel straight live and can pass through transparent surface.

119) WHAT ARE THE COMPONENTS OF PFAS [Personal Fall Arrester System]

 Anchorage device
 Body wear
 Connecting device

120) CARTRIDGE COLOUR AND CONTAMINANT

 OLIVE- multicontaminant
 WHITE- acid gas
 BLACK- organic vapour
 GREEN- ammonic gas
 YELLOW- acid gas and organic vapour
 MAGENTA- any particularise

121) S- Spot of hazard

A- asses the risk

F- Find a safer way

E- every day

122) BASIC RATE OF WORKER

 Right of know
 Right to participate
 Right to refuse unsafe work
 Right to protection from discrimination

123) THREE PART OF WHMIS

 Labels
 MSDS
 Training

124) INTUMESCENT STRIP: A strip built into the edge of a fire door that expands when it gets hot
sealing. The gap between the door and the door frame.

125) ZONE 0: A place in which an explosive atmosphere is resent continuously or for long period or
frequently.

ZONE 1: A place which an explosive atmosphere I likely to occur in normal operation occasionally.

ZONE 2: A place which an explosive atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation but if it
does occur will persist a short period only.

126) DUST ZONE CLASSIFICATION: zone 20, zone 21, zone 22

127) PHYSICAL FORMS OF CHEMICAL

 Solid
 Dust
 Gas
 Mist
 Vapour
 Liquid

128) BIOLOGICAL AGENT

 Fungal
 Virus
 Prions

129) DERMATITIS: A non-infectious skin condition where the skin becomes dry, flaky cracked and
painful, usually reversible with treatment.

130) CLASSIFICATION OF CHEMICAL HEALTH HAZARD

 Harmful: cause death or serious ill-health when inhaled swallowed or absorbed via the skin
in large doses.
 toxic: small doses cause death or serious ill health, e.g.: potassium cyanide
 corrosive: destroy living tissue on contact, e.g.: sodium by chloride
 irritant: cause inflammable of the skin or brine through immediate, prolongecal or
repentant contact.
 carcinogenic: May cause cancer when inhelated, swallowed or absorbed via skin, e.g.
asbestos

ZOONOTIC DISEASE A DISEASE THAT CAN BE PASSED FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN

131) TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE

Average exposure to a contaminant over a specific period of time.

132) ROUTE OF ENTRY

INHALATION: the substance is breath in through the nose and mouth and drown in to lungs

INJECTIONS: the substance is taken in through the mouth and swallowed down in to stomach and
then moves on through the digest system.

ABSORPTION THROUGH THE SKIN: The substance passes through the skin and into tissue between
and then into blood stream.

INJECTION: the substance passes through the skin barrios either by physical injection or through
damaged skin.
133) RESPIRATORY DEFENCES

• Sneeze reflex
• Filtration in nasal cavity
• Ciliary escalator
• Inflammatory response

134) MSDS INFORMATION

• Identification of supplier
• Composition of incrediance
• Hazard identification
• First aid measure
• Firefighting measure
• Accidental releasing measure
• Handling and storage
• Exposure control and personal PPE
• Stability and reactivity
• Toxicological information
• ecological information
• Disposal consideration
• Transportation information
• Regulatory information
• Others

135) STEL: SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT

In compact the ill health effect of being exposed to very high level of the substance for quite
short period of time 15 min

136) HIERCHY OF CONTROL

 Elimination or substitution the substance

 Change the process
 Reduce exposure time
 Enclose or segregate
 Local exhaust ventilation
 Dilution ventilation
 Respiratory protective equipment
 Other PPE
 Personal hygiene
 Health surveillance and biological monitoring

137) RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT [RPE]

 Filtering face piece respiration

 Half mask or nasal respirator
 Full face respirator
 Powered respirator
  Fresh air hose breathing apertures
 Compressed air BA
 Self-contained BA

138) MUTAGEN: A substance that can cause changes in the genetic (DNA) of a cell, leading to
heritable genetic defect.

ASTHMAGENS: A substance that is related to the development of asthma symptoms.

NOISE- INDUCTED HEARING LOSS [NIHL]

139) ASBESTOS: HEALTH RISK

 Asbestosis, Lung Cancer, Mesothelioma, Diffuse

140) CARBON MONOXIDE CO

Colour less order less gas it is hazardous by inhalation, it prevent oxygen transportation and can
lead to death by asphyxiation.

 0.005% lead to head ache

 1.3% immediate unconsciousness
 Death within 10 min

141) CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE

 Hazardous waste
 Non-hazardous waste

142) NOISE PHYSICAL EFFECT

 Temporary reduction in hearing sensitivity

 Temporary ringing
 NIHL permanent loss
 Tinnitus- continue ringing

143) VIBRATION: HAVS SYMPTOM

 Vibration while finger

 Nerve damage
 Muscle weakening
 Joint damage

144) VIBRATION EXPOSURE LIMIT

 Daily exposure action

 Value = 2.5m .5 hand – arm
 Vibration / 0.5m 5
 Whole body vibration
 Daily exposure limit value
  5.0m .5 hand – arm

145) NOISE EXPOSURE

 Lower exposure action value 80db

 Upper exposure action value 85db

146) TYPE OF IONISING RADIATION

 ALPHA PARTICLE: do not have much penetrating power and stopped by them
 BETA PARTICLE: more penetrating power and can penetrate through the skin into living
tissue
 X-RAY
 GAMMA RAYS: very high energy electromagnetic energy can pass through solid object such
steal ion…
 NEUTRONS: subatomic particle emitted by some radioactive substance consider very
hazardous

MILLISIEVERVTS [MSV] UNIT OF RADIATION

147) NON IONISING RADIATION AND HEALTH EFFECT

 ultra violet UV high frequency electromagnetic radiation e.g. Arch welding damage skin
 visible light: UV and is visible to human eye
 Temporary or permanent blind
 Infrared is low frequency electromagnetic radiation
 Microwaves radiation emitted by microwaves generator
 Radio waves: emitted by antenna.

148) General public shall not be exposed to more than 1 MSV per year

 Occupational exposure shall not exceed 20 MSV per year

149) TVL: threshold limit value of chemical substance is believed to be level to which a worker can
be exposed day after day for a working lifetime without adverse effect.

KEEP PERFORMANCE INDICATOR [KPI]

150) EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

 Procedure to be follow
 Provision of suitable equipment
 Nomination of responsible staff
 Provision of training and supervision
 Drill and exercise
 Contacting the emergency services
151) EFFECTS OF H2S ON INDIVIDUAL

 Duration
 Frequency
 Intensity [ how much dosage]
 Susceptibility [physiological]

152) AIR CONTAINS

 Nitrogen – 78.09%
 Oxygen – 20.95%
 Argon – 0.93%
 Carbon dioxide- 0.04%

153) INSPECTION ITEMS VALUE INSTALLATION

 Valve test certificate

 valve type
 valve tag asper P&ID
 direction of flow as per P&ID
 Gasket both as per isometric & type
 Handle direction
 chain wheel installation
 Valve flange face coordination

PTW SYSTEM IS A FORMAL DOCUMENT SYSTEM USED TO CONTROL HIGH RISK ACTIVITY

154) FUNCTION OF VALVE

 Gate valve
 Isolation valve ball valve
 Plug valve
 Piston valve
 Glob valve
 Regulation valve – needle valve
 Butter fly valve
 Diaphragm valve

155) MATERIALS FOR CONSTRUCTION VALVE

 Cast iron, bronze, gun metal, carbon steel, SS, alloy carbon steel

156) GASKET

 Metallic [ spiral around] high pressure steam & gas line

 Asbestos: low pressure water line
 Rubber: acid line
157) HOW DO IMPLEMENT HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK

- Decide on the prevention & proactive measures needed and put them in place

 Provide right tool & equipment to do the job & keep them maintained
 Train & instruct to ensure everyone is competent to carry out the work.
 Supervise to make sure that arrangement is followed.

158) 7 STEP TO IMPROVE WORKPLACE

 Develop safety plan for identify and control hazards

 Inspect work place
 Train your employees
 Talk regularly with employee
 Investigate incident
 Maintain record
 Make improving h & s a key part of your business

159) COLOUR CODE GAS CYLINDER

 Red – hydrogen
 Maroon – acetylene
 Blue – argon
 Black – oxygen
 Black & grey – nitrogen
 Grey – air
 Yellow – chlorine

160) Thermal work limit it is defined as the limiting sustainable metabolic rate that well- hydrated,
acclimatized individual can maintain in a specific thermal environmental within a deep body core
temperature.

161) Drug: I is any chemical substance that produced physical, mental, emotional or behavioural
change in the user.

162) ISO 18001- Health & Safety management system

 ISO 14001- Environment management system

 ISO 9001- Quality management system

BUOYANCY VEST O BE WORN WORKING OVER WATER

OFFSHORE

163) Vessel: Stand by Vessel, Emergency Support Vessel

Drill Ship

Platform: Semi- submersible platform

 Concrete gravity platform

 Jack up platform
 Tension leg platform
  Steel jacket platform

Barges

 Heavy lift barge

 Flotels accommodation barge

MSDS – ILO RECOMMENDATION R177- CONTAIN 16 CATEGORIES OF INFORMATION

165) What is the principle of fire extinguish.

- cooling: reducing the temperature below the ignition point.

- Smothering: The removal of air or oxygen to the point where combustion causes.

- Starving: The removal of fuel to the point where there is nothing remaining to burn.

- Inhibiting the flame chain reaction in the flame zone combustion grocers is terminated.

DCP FIRE EXTINGUISHER FROST PROOF UP TO -30C

166) Water extinguisher content: 9LTR of water pressurized with air

Duration: 1.5 To 2 MIN

Stream: 8 MTR

167) Foam Extinguisher

- C: Sodium Bicarbonate 0.9kg To 14kg

- D: 90 SEC Upwards for 9 kg

- S: 8 To 4 MTR

169) Co2

C: Liquid carbon dioxide 1 kg – 5.5kg

Duration: 20SEC upwards

Stream: 1 to 2.5 MTR

170) Water: Red

 DCP: blue
 Co2: Black
 Foam: white, cream

171) ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

 Reduce waste
 noise control & assessment
 Pollution control
 Oil leaks
172) ADNOC LIFESAVING RULES

 Work authorization
 Confined space
 Energy isolation
 Bypassing safety controls
 working at height
 Safe mechanical lifting
 Toxic Gas
 Driving
 Line of fire
 Hot work

173) RISK LEVEL

 High
 High Medium
 Medium
 Low

174) BASIC STRUCTURE OF ENVIRONMENT

 Biome, Habitat, & energy

175) HARNESS PARTS

 Anchoring part
 B- Body part
 C- Connecting device

176) COMPREHENSIVE FALL PROTECTION EN 363

Anchoring part of harness – EN 361

Connector- EN 362, Shock absorber in Lanyard EN 354

177) DIFFERENT PHASES OF JSA PREPARATION

 General Safety
 Job preparation
 Job execution
 Reinstatement

178) DIFFERENT PHASES OF CHECKLIST

 Job planning
 Preparation
 Execution
 Close out

179) KEY ELEMENTS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Occupational Health & Safety Policy

 Planning
 Implementing
  Checking & Corrective Action
 Management review
 Continual Improvement

180) ADNOC HSMS KEY ELEMENTS

 Leadership & Commitment

 Policy & strategic objective
 Organisation, Resources & Competence
 Risk evaluation and management
 Planning, Standards & Procedure
 Implementation & Monitoring
 Audit
 Review

181) PROJECT SPECIFIC HSE OBJECTIVE AND TARGET

 Zero lost time injury

 Zero medical treatment cases
 Zero property damage
 Encourage near miss reporting

→ Minimum 2 Near Miss/ Month

 Closeout near miss

→ - All Near Miss Will Be Closeout Within a Month

 Improve HSE awareness of the workers

 Contact behaviour safety audit two month
 Contact TBT talk daily
 Discuss safety flash two month
 Conduct HSE meeting monthly
 Contact HSE management tours

182) HSE PLAN

 Is a systematic and consistent document that contain the project related information,
HSE management issue HSE policy, arrangements, control measures, safe system of
work for performing construction activities in a safe manner.

183) ELEMENTS OF PROJECT HSE PLAN

 Project details
 Project brief description & layout
 HSE management requirement
 Leadership & commitment
 HSE Policy
 Organization roles & responsibility
 Communication
 Training
 Site Inspection
 184) DIFFERENT BETWEEN AN ACCIDENT & INCIDENT

 These words are easy to confuse. But they are not actually the same.

Incident is more general and accident is more specific.

 Incident can refer to any event big or small, good or bad and it is intentional or
unintentional.
 An accident is a bad event caused by error or by chance accident are always unintentional
and the usually result in some damage or injury.
 All accident can also be described as incident.
 But not all incident is accident

ACCLIMATIZATION: GRADUALLY INCREASE WORKLOAD AND EXPOSURE TO HEAT

185) INCIDENT INVESTIGATION METHOD

 ICAM
 Bow Tie Analysis
 Domino effects
 Fish bone
 Fault tree Analysis

186) RADIATION MONITORING DEVICES

 Filim Badge
 Geiger meter [radiation survey meter]
 Thermoluaminescent dosimeters

187) CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR VEHICLE SPARK ARRESTOR

- US NFPA 91 Standard for exhaust system for air conveying of vapours, gases, mists, and
particulate solids

188) HSE STUDIES DURING THE COURSE OF EPC PROJECT

 PHSER: Project HSE review

 HAZID: Hazard Identification study
 HAZAP: Hazard & operability study
 PSSR: Pre-start-up & review
 Project risk management review
 Quantitative risk assessment
 EIA: Environment Impact assessment
 SIMOPS: Simultaneous Operation Study
 MOPO: Management of permitted operation

189) What is QAA: Is a mathematic approach which require calculation of two components of risk

- is a formalized specialised method for calculating individual environment, employee, and public risk
level for comparison with the regulatory risk criteria.

190) BLEVE: Boling Liquid Evaporating Vapour Explosion: Caused by extreme rise in temperature or
by an external fire near the storage tank of flammable liquid causing heating of contents and
pressure build up and vapour expansion weakness the metal structure and explode.
191) REASON FOR FAILURE OF TANK

 Improper maintenance of tank

 Corrosion of the tank structure
 Relief valve of the tank is malfunction or struck.
 Mechanical damage to the tank
 Material failure
 Tank structure severely exposed to flame or fire

192) PRECAUTION TO AVOID BLEVE

 Maintenance of the tank

 Relief valve to be functional
 Emergency preparedness of all staff
 passive fire protection system
 Structure fire protection system
 Heat, Flame, Smoke, detector
 Gas indicators
 Process safety system & controls flares and vents
 Size of relief valve as per standards

TYNDALL EFFECTS: THE LIGHT BEAM IS REFLECTED FROM THE DUST PARTICLES AND MAKE THEM
VISIBLE

193) SIMOPS: Are two or more operation or activity that are close enough to interface with each
other, and there is a transfer risk or performance implications

194) SIMOPS MANAGEMENT

 Single point contact person

 coordination between all workers
 coordination between all team
 Risk assessment
 Control measures

195) PHSE: Is a form of structure hazard risk audit used through at entire project lifecycle

The PHSER provides a review of existing occupational health & safety programmes to ensure that all
HSE Issues have been identified assessed.

196) Hot tapping: Is the precise process of drilling a hole in live stream operational system without
spilling its contents or interrupting its flow.

197) SCAFFOLDING MEASUREMENT

 Gap between board should be 1 inch
 guard rail height 3 feet
 toe board should be 15cm
 Guard rail and toe board shall be fitted inside the standards
 If scaffold erected on soft ground should be used sole plate
 sole plate shall extend at least two standards
 Ladder should be 4:1 ratio 75 angle
 Ladder should be rise 1mtr [42inch]
 scaffolding platform opening should be secured with guardrails & signboard
198) KEY ELEMENTS OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN
 Introduction of scope of the project
 Objective of the ERP
 SAVING LIFE
 Limited damage to asset
 protect environment
 preserve company & contractor reputation
 organisation- role & responsibility
 emergency controller
 rescue team, roll call reorder
 first aider, doctor, fire watcher
 staff & senior personal
 workers
 ERP procedure and allocative of rescue

Type of Emergency

 Toxic gas release

 Fire, medical emergency
 Chemical spill emergency

Type of Alarm
 Toxic gas release
 Fire & other emergency
 All clear
Allocation of Emergency Rescue

 Emergency evacuation area

 Local emergency control centre
 ERT Team
 Escape & evacuation route
 Fire and gas detector system
 Communication system
 Evacuation vehicle escape set
 Fire & gas detector system
 Medical facility
 After emergency action
 Emergency drill
 Review of ERP

CLAW: CONTROL OF LEAD AT WORKING REGULATION 2002

199) LEL: Minimum concentration of vapour or gas in air which will burn when a source of
ignition is introduced.

200) Hydrogen Sulphide: LEL- 4.5% UEL- 45.5% TLV- 10 STEL 15

Sulphur Dioxide: TVL- 2 STEL- 5

Ammonia Nh2: LEL- 15% UEL- 28% TVL- 25 STEL- 35

FIRE HOSE WORKING PRESSURE 21 BAR BURST PRESSURE 63 BAR

201) UEL: Maximum vapour or gas to air concentration above which flame propagation will not
occur e.g.

202) IDLH: Minimum concentration of containment in air which is immediately dangerous to life
and health.

203) PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECT OF H2S

• H2s will enter to the body through long & it is considered as chemical asphyxiate. It
blocks the blood cells & cause paralysis of the respiratory system.

204) FIREFIGHTING AND PROTECTION UAE STANDERS

• NFPA, Chapter 9
• Fire prevention code & NFPA 241altration & demolition operation which provide basic
measures that will be followed to minimise and prevent loss.

205) SPRINKLER SYSTEM DESIGN CODE

• UAE fire & life safety code of practice [2011 edition]

• Chapter 12, fire & safety code daring construction & maintenance.

206) WHAT TO DO WHEN A SPILL OCCUR

• Risk assessment [identify the source]

• Protection cloth [use suitable ppe]
• Containment [seal drain & contain liquid]
• Stop the source [close valve, plug puncher]
• Begin clean up
• Contact authorities [legal authority]
• Disposal of used material [accordance of local law]
• Decontaminant [clean all tools before reuse]
• Restock materials [replace new materials]
• Review contingency plan and procedure

207) HARNESS MATERIALS

• Mixture of high tensile pollster and nylon.

208) CATEGORIES OF HEALTH HAZARD

• Chemical: dust, fumes, vapour, gases

• Physics: Noise, vibration, radiation, and heat
• Biological: Bacteria, fungus, virus, human endoparustes
• psycho Social: Stress, violence, substance misuse.
• Ergonomic: posture, repetition, workplace layout

209) P.P.E: Means all equipment which is intended to be worn or held by a person at work and
which protect him against one or more risks to his health or safety and any addition or necessary
design to meet that object.

210) SCBA

• Compressed air 200 bar

 • Fitted with pressure gage
• On-off control valve
• Wide vision
• Escape SCBA 10 MIN
• General SCBA 40min
• Re-circulating SCBA 3 hrs

211) STA: Safety task assessment

STTI: TOTAL SAFETY TASK INSTRUCTION

212) Inhalable dust particle as large as 100km [microns]

213) CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE

• The globally harmonised system [GHS]

• Classification labelling & packing regulation [CLP] European regulation [EC] No-
1272/2008.

214) CLP Is Giving with an Interpretation

• Index numbers: auto number

• International chemical identification: name
• EC No: official identification NO OF chemical within EU.
• CAS No: The chemical obstruct service no
• Hazard class and categories codes
• Hazard Statement Code
• Pictogram, Signal Word Code

OEL OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT

WORK EXPOSURE LIMIT [WEL] UK

PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT [PEL] USA

215) THE HEALTH HAZARD CLASSES

• Acute Toxicity: 5 Categories one being the most toxic five being toxic
• Skin Corrosion and Irritation
• Series Eye Damage & Irritation
• Respiratory & Skin Sanitation.
• Germ cell mutagenicity: It cause changes to DNA structure, it leads to cancer
• Carcinogenicity: can dance the growth of malignant cancer tumour
• Reproductive Toxicity: can cause sterility miscarriage or birth defect.
• Specific Target Organ Toxicity
• Aspiration Hazard

216) SPECIFIC HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE

• Asbestos
• Carbon Monoxide
 • Isocyanates
• Lead
• Metal Working Fluid
• Silica
• Used Engine Oil
• Wood Dust

217) ASBESTOS HEALTH EFFECTS

• Asbestosis: Symptoms- breathiness, coughing, pain between shoulder blades

• Lung cancer
• Mesothelioma

218) Carbon Monoxide CO: A colour less gas usually encountered as a by-product of partial
combustion

• It is hazardous by inhalation
• This prevent oxygen transportation and can lead to death by asphyxiate
• 0.005% cause worsening headache
• 1.3% immediate unconscious or death within 3 minutes
• Note that this can occur even through oxygen concentration are normal at 21%

219) Isocyanates: are organic solvent used in paint spying

220) Toxic: produce series, acute or chronic ill health or death at very small or small close.

• Corrosive: Destroy living tissue by direct chemical attack

• Irritant: caused inflammation in particular of the mucous membrane

221) 3 PHYSICAL STAGE OF CHEMICALS

• Solid: massive form, dust, fibres, fumes

• Liquid: massive form, fluid mist [acid]
• Gases: vapour [CO]

222) ASSESSING HEALTH RISK FACTORS

 Gather information about the substance, the work & the working procedure
 Evaluation the risk to health
 Decide on the control measure needed to comply with legal standards.
 Record the assessment
 Review & update as necessary.

223) Epidemiology: The study of the pattern of ill health in population.

224) Toxicology: The study of the adverse effect of chemical on living organism and symptoms,
mechanisms, dedication & treatment of those effect.

225) GLOVE BREAKTHROUGH TIME

 Since some chemicals may permeate through the glove material and the glove will have
a breakthrough time.

226) Hazard & Precautionary Statements

 • H 301- Toxic is swallowed
• H320- Causes eye irritation
• H360- may damage fertility or unborn children
• P102- Keep out the reach children
• P271- Use only outdoor or well ventilated area

LONG TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT BASED ON AN 8 HR TWA EXPOSURE

SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT BASED ON A 15 MIN TWA EXPOSURE

227) RPE CHOOSING FACTORS

• Atmosphere substance related factors

• level of protection required and the assigned protection factor.
• Task and work related factor
• Wearer Related Factor
• Quality Related Factor

228) MEANING OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMIT

• Exposure limit to airborne harmful substance of the workplace

229) TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGE [TWA]

measurement is taken and the airborne concentration are overaged out over a given
period of time.

230) VIBRATION HEALTH EFFECTS

• Whole body vibration

• Discomfort, back pain, vertigo
• Hand-arm vibration symptoms [HAVS]
• Circulatory disorder, neurological, Articular effect, muscular effect

231) DIFFERENT TYPES OF TOXICOLOGICAL TEST

Animal testing
Acute toxicity test and the fixed dose test
Alternatives to animal testing in-vitro studies
predictive studies

HUMAN HEARING FREQUENCY RANGE IS FROM 20H2 TO 2000H2

232) HUMAN EPIDEMIOLOGY TEST TYPE

The case control study

Protective control study
Retrospective control study

234) HOW TO CONTROL EXPOSURE

Good design & installation practice

Work system and practice
Personal protection
Total enclosure
 LEV
Segregation of the process
Process modification
Dilution ventilation
Minimize numbers exposed
Restrict access
Reduce exposure duration
Cleaning reigns
Storage & transportation of chemical
Disposal
PPE
Prohibition of eating/ drinking/ smoking
Hygiene facility
Emergency arrangement

235) EXAMPLE OF MUTAGENS

 X-Rays
 Ultra Violet Radiation
 Radioactive Substance
 Ethanol
 Bromine
 Sodium Acid

PPE REGULATION 2002

236) Carcinogen: a substance capable of causing cancer in living tissue

e.g. Asbestos, beryllium, vigil chloride

237) Noves fire extinguisher agent compressed gas- Nitrogen, Helium mixer- UN- 1956

238) BARRICADE COLOUR CODE

• General- Red & white- access allowed with permission

• Pre-commissioning & Hydro operation- Blue & White
• Scaffolding & rigging- Yellow & Black – no entry
• Radiography- Yellow & Magenta-no entry

239) DELUGE FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

A deluge fire sprinkler system is similar to a pre-action system expect the sprinkler heads are
open and the pipe is not pressurised with air. Deluge system are connected to a water supply
through a deluge valve that is opened by the operation smoke or heat deduction system.

240) DIFFERENT TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEM

• Dry pipe, Wet pipe, Deluge

241) 5 MAIN TYPES OF FIRE SUPPURATION

Gas system- FM200, gas system is stored as liquid, with nitrogen used to pressure it.
Kitchen fire suppression- Chemical form [Amerax, Asal,] this system is specifically
designed for commercial kitchens.
 Water mist system
Foam deluge system
Pneumatic heat detection tube

242) SPRINKLER HEAT COMPONENT

• Deflector
• Frame
• Sealing Assembly
• Temperature Sensitive Glass Bulb

243) LEV FIVE MAIN PARTS

• Hoods
• Ducts
• Air cleaner
• Fan
• Discharge

PROPELLER FAN IS USED FOR CONTROLLING AIRBORNE CONTAINMENT AT WORK

ISO- INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDISATION

244) GENERAL PRINCIPLE LEV DESIGN

 Enclose the source of the containment

 Position the hood as close as possible to the containment source.
 Match the hood size to the process and containment close size.
 Keep the containment cloud away from the workers breathing zone.
 Hood is comfortable to use.

245) ASSIGNED PROTECTION FACTORS APF

 Which is the ratio of the concentration of contaminant in the working atmosphere of

the measured concentration within the face- piece when the equipment is in use.

AEROSOL- ANY SOLID OR LIQUID SUBTEND IN AIR, RATHER THAN DUST

246) Type of respirator

 Half mask respirator – particle filter & gas filter

 Full-face respirator
 Powered respirator – mask & helmet
 Breathing apparatus – fresh hose breathing apparatus, compressed BA, Airline BA,
SCBA

247) COHH: It is stand for the control of substance hazardous to health regulations. These
regulations require employers to control exposure to hazardous to prevent ill health.

248) TYPE OF HAND GLOVE FOR CHEMICAL HAZARD

• Nature rubber
• Neoprene
• Nitrile
 • Normal PVC

249) 3 technical terms to characterise the chemical resistance protective of gloves

 Breakthrough time: The time a chemical to permeate through the gloves material and
reach inside.
 Permeation rate: The amount that then permeate through. The chemical will move
through the glove chose a low rate.
 Degradation rating: Some chemical can get harder, softer or may swell choose good
degradation rating.

METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE [MDHS]

250) Safety Gauntlet Gloves: usually extending over some of the forearm e.g. welding gloves

251) WEARER- RELATED FACTORS OF PPE

 Fit: it fit the user correctly

 Compatibility: Must not interface with the use of other PPE that also has to be worn at
the same time.
 Personal issues: Face shape, bread, allergy
 Wearer acceptability: comfortable to were
 Management commitment: provide best quality of product
 Proper suppression of the use

252) DIFFERENT TYPES OF DETECTORS

 Photoionization Detector- Organic Vapour

 Stain Tube [Dragger Tubes]
 Personal Dosimeter- Airborne Containment
 Gravimetric Analysis Of Dust
 Cowled Sampler- Asbestos
 Diffusion Sampling- Vapour
 Mechanical Sampling- Vapour
 Midget Impinge- Vapour
 Sorbent Tubes And Pump Vapour

253) WHAT IS SEVERITY

 The degree to which an agent hazardous to health can cause harm

254) WHAT IS LIKELIHOOD

 The mathematical chance that a given event will occur

255) WHAT IS INJURY RATE

 IR = Total NO of recordable injury *200000/ Total man hours’ works

256) WHAT IS SEVERITY RATE

 SR= Total NO of day lost * 1000/ total man hours worked

257) WHAT IS TVL

  Threshold limit value is the maximum concentration of a chemical a worker can be
exposed 8 hr day after day without any bad effect on his body chlorine.

258) WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY

 Emergency are risky situation which put people at risk but happen when no one’s is not
expecting such situation require to be handle as soon as possible so as to reduce or
eliminate the risk.

259) HUMAN FACTORS THAT CAUSE TO ACCIDENT

• careless
• laziness
• lack of attention
• lack of skill
• hurrying to increase production
• not using PPE
• being intoxicated
• complacency

TRI TOTAL RECORDABLE INJURY

RWDC RESTRICTED WORK DAY CASE

260) HSE POLICY?

A safety policy entails guidelines put in place to enhance safety. The policy outlines the
thing that needs to be done and the thing the need to be avoided so as to avoid
accident and incident.
The policy also stipulates measures that need to be put in place to provide protection
against thing that can cause harm.

261) TWL THERMAL WORK LIMIT

An index of heat stress that gives a measure of the safe work rate based on the existing
environment condition (temperature, humidity and wind speed)

262) HI-PO: An unplanned HSE incident or near miss that has the potential severity to cause
permanent disability or death.

263) TRIR: rate of TRI number of serious injury per million man hours

264) Complacency: when you lose focus about your surroundings sometime you may feel that
nothing bad will happen to you if you take a shortcut or disregards a safety rule.

ADNOC HSE POLICY

265) Protect The People, Community, Environment And Operations

All employees are empowered to intervene and stop an unsafe work.

open and transparent communication between all fades and grads.
Systematic asset integrity steps to avoid incident & accident.
all employees and contractors are responsible & accountable for safety compliance.
Continuously improve HSE performance through regular review of HSE targets.
develop & sustain HSEQ critical competencies
 identify & manage HSEQ risks to ALARP level.
Develop & maintain HSE response plan, crisis management plan & business continuity
measures
collaborate with industrial and commercial partners to maintain HSE culture.
Minimise environmental impact e.g. waste generation, air emission and conservation of
natural resources.

266) 100% HSE_ I AM THE DIFFERENCE

Leadership: enhance HSE commitment, ownership & accountability at all levels.

Behaviour safety: implement behaviour based safety tools & programs to empower safe
choices.
HSE communication: Establish HSE communication channels/ tools to support worker
engagement and awareness.
Effective systems: implement key system to control risk that can impact personal and
process safety.
HSE functional support: provide appropriate HSE resources to facility support & steward
effective implementation.

267) HSMS MODEL

• Policy
• Organisation
• Planning And Implementing
• Evaluation
• Action For Improvement
• Continual Improvement

268) HSE POLICY

• State The Overall HSE Objectives

• Express Commitment To Improving H&S Performance
• Be Authorised By Top Management
• Commit The Organisation To Continual Improvement And Compliance With Legislation.
• Be Communicated To All Employees & Other Interested Parties.
• Be Kept Up To Date By Periodic Review.

269) ROLES & RESPONSIBILITY OF HSE

Formulate & develop HSE policy

Promote a positive H&S culture
Secure the effective implementation of H&S policy
Planning for H&S
day to day implementation & monitoring of policy & plans including accident & incident
investigation, reporting and analysing.
review of performance and audit of the whole HSMS.

270) ACCIDENT RATIO TRIANGLE

 Serious or disability injury

Minor injury- first aid

Damage accident

accident with no damage & near miss

271) SCAFFOLDING TYPES

 Static Scaffolding
 Independent Scaffolding
 Birdcage Scaffolding
 Centilitre Scaffolding
 Hanging Scaffolding
 Mobile Tower Scaffolding

 Gin wheel & platform distance 750mm

 Gap between two plank 50mm
 Toe board size 150mm
 Plank thickness 2mm
 Sole plate size 300*300*6mm
 Base plate size 150*150*6mm

272) ISO 45001:2018 OHSMS LEAD AUDITOR

4: context of the organisation

4.1: understanding the organisation and its context

4.2: understanding the needs and expectation of workers and other interested parties

4.3: determining the scope of the OH&S management system

4.4: OH&S management system

5: Leadership and worker’s participation

5.1: Leadership and commitment

5.2: OH&S and policy

5.3: organisation roles responsibility accountability & authorities

5.4: Participation & consultation

6: planning

6.1: action to address risk and opportunity

6.1.1: general

6.1.2: hazard identification and assessment of OH&S risk

6.1.2.1: hazard identification

6.1.2.2: assessment of OH&S risks and other risk to the OH&S MS

6.1.2.3: Identification of OH&S opportunity & other opportunities

6.1.3: determination of applicable legal requirements & other requirement.

6.1.4: planning to take action

6.2: OH&S objectives & planning to achieve them

6.2.1: OH&S objectives

6.2.2: planning to achieve OH&S objectives

7: support

7.1: resources

7.2: competence

7.3: awareness

7.4: information & communication

7.5: documented information

7.5.1: general

7.5.2: creating & updating

7.5.3: control of documental information

8: operation

8.1: operational planning & control

8.2: management to change

8.3: outsourcing

8.4: procurement

8.5: contractors

8.6: emergency preparedness and response

9: performance evaluation

9.1: monitoring, measurement analysing & evaluation

9.1.1 general

9.1.2: evaluation of compliance with legal requirement and other requirement

9.2: internal audit

9.2.1: internal audit objective

9.2.2: internal audit process

9.3: management review

10: improvement

10.1: incident, non-conformity and corrective action

10.2: continual improvement

10.2.1: continual improvement objectives

273) HSE OFFICER RESPONSIBILITY

HSEO will receive full support of management in the implementation and monitoring of
HSE MS
Provide competent HSE advise to the management
Is responsible for ensure the issue of revision information contained within the HSE plan.
Advise the management team & other line manager on the implementation of HSE plan
Distribute all necessary HSE performance and static information
Fully understands the requirement of the HSE plan and is familiar with all project HSE
standards together with all relevant legislation, statutory provision & code of practice.

274) COLLIMATOR: in x-ray optics, gamma ray’s optics, and neutron optics a collimator is a device
that filter a stream of rays so that only those travelling parallel to a specified direction are allowed
through [multiple materials lead, tungsten, tin high density plastic, bismuth.]

275) lifeboat load testing

Frequency every 5 year specially designed water bag for load test.

276) LIFTING CODE OF PRACTICE CP 113 (REW-1)

Boom up limit: limit switch cut off @80 degree

Boom lower limit: limit switch cut off @6 degree
Automatic safe load indicator ASLI/ rated capacity indicator RCI

Lifting equipment classification

Lifting appliance: Crane forklift, life boat, power hoist, pallet truck
Lifting Accessories: wire rope shackle, rings, lifting beam, eye bolts
lifted equipment: frames, pallets containers, cargo basket, waste skips

Different lifting categories

routine: risk assessment, lift plan, TBT, rigger level 2

non routine: (simple): RA, PTW, Lift plan, TBT, rigger level 2
non routine (complicated): RA, PTW, TBT, Lifting plan, rigger level 3
non routine (complex): method statement, HAZID, HAZOP, dropped objective study, TBT,
rigger level 3, 3rd party lifting specialist

Lifting plan include

Task unique identification number

Description of lift
Engineer drawings
Detail list of lifting equipment
 Load information: net weight, gross weight, load integrity, centre of gravity stability,
maximum radius, lift suspension, point dimension of load.
Lifting equipment certification
Crane information with load chart
HIRA / HAZOP
Detail safe operating limit
Load bearing capacity & MS

277)MOC MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE

 it is the best practice used to ensure that safety, health and environment & risks and
hazard are properly controlled when an organisation make changes to their facility,
operational or personal.
 MOC is a process for preventing and mitigating business loses including degradation of HSE
as the result of changes made to how you conduct operate manage or repair your facility
your process.

USL- UNDER SLUNG LOAD – HELICOPTER

278) COP Code of practice: high level standard, setting document, which in effect, set out a series of
principle that shall be incorporated in ADNOC group system & procedure.

279) HSE assurance programme: A formal documentation owned by contractor, which contain
proactive HSE measures intended to prevent and control incident from occurring subject to periodic
assurance review.

280) HSEIA: HSE impact assessment systematic process of identifying HSE impact of existing new or
substablishing prevention & mitigation requirement.

COMAH- CONTROL OF MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS

281) SOUR GAS: Nature Gas Containing Significant Amount Of Hydrogen Sulphide.

282) SWEET GAS: Gas That Are Without H2S

283) UNSAFE ACT: An Action Of A Person That Can Lead To An Injury Damage To Property Or
Production Loss

284) UNSAFE CONDITION: A Condition That May Lead To An Injury, Damage To Property Or
Production Loss.

285) AMMONIA0_NH3

IUPAC

Boiling Point: 33.3d

Density : 0.73ng /M3

Melting Point: -77.73

Colour Less

ABANDON SHIP_ LEAVE A SHIP BECAUSE IT IS SINKING

MAN OVERBOARD: A WORKER HAS FALLEN OFF OF THE SHIP INTO WATER
286) SPILL KIT MATERIALS

• Oil Absorbent Boom Rolls, Granules, Pads

287) PYROPHORIC MATERIALS

 A liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition source, can
ignite within 5 min after coming in contact with air.
 pyrophoric iron sulphide residual hydrocarbons

→ Pyrophoric Present In

 Crude oil & high sulphur naphtha

 Fuel oil tank
 Sour water tank
 Marine tankers & barges
 Pipeline
 Any equipment of refinery in sour service

→ Mitigation Method

 Steaming and water washing as pre stage of chemical neutralization

 Chemical neutralization before opening any equipment e.g. potassium permanganate
solution
 Keeping the deposits & scale wet until a safe disposal

→ Temporary Storage

 Use metallic drums

 4 drums maximum at the selected location
 30 – 35% its volume with water
 Red colour drum & tag
 Drums shall be kept always closed

288) PROCESS SAFETY & FIRE FIGHTING

foam deluge system

FM 200
SCBA
Fire extinguisher
Gas detector
PPE
First aid box
Eye wash
Shower
Waste management

289) HEALTH HAZARD OF CHEMICAL

• High toxic – H304, H310, H330

• Carcinogenic – H350, H35
• Mutagenic – H340, H34
 • Teratogen – H360, H30
• Sensibiliser- H334, H317

290) Interim action: A limit one-time transient action which is used to control some chemical
hazardous unit the definitive action can be implemented. It aims business continuity under a risk
based decision making process.

SHIP SIDE PORT [LEFT] STARBOARD [RIGHT]

291) APPLY THE WASTE HIERARCHY

 prevent the occurrence of waste

 reuse the waste if it cannot be prevent
 recycle the waste if it cannot be reuse
 recover the waste if it cannot be recycle
 disposal the waste if none of the above are possible

292) Hazard: electrical voltage or electrical magnetic field

Event: contact with harmful electrical voltage/ currents or harmful

Consequence: serious personal injury including fatal event, tissue heating, stimulation of nerves
organs & other body implant hazard.

How to treat electrical hazard

 Design and construction standards

 Work dead wherever possible [eliminate risk wherever possible]
 Identification [prevent work on the wrong/ line equipment]
 Competence [workers only]
 Safe working zone [reduce risk of contact with line parts during work]
 Approved tools for testing and measurement
 Access control
 Switching control [minimize risk to individual of coming in to contact with arc flush]
 Identification, emasculation and other arrangement [prevent contact with exposed HV
conductor: & insulator.
 Safety procedure by location define precaution based on the 5 principle to prevent exposure
to electrical danger.
 Risk based control [identify and control exposure from high EMFS and to vulnerable persons.
 PPE [reduce or prevent contact with harmful electrical current.]

GRP GLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC

ALL WORK NEAR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MUST COMPLY WITH EUROPEAN STANDARDS EN-
50110-1-2013

AND THE UNIPER STANDARDS ON ELECTRICAL

293) Difference between PRV & PSV. PRV opens gradually in relation to the pressure, while PSV
is opened suddenly once the pressure hits a certain level in order to avoid over pressurization
and a potential process safety incident.

294) An exothermic process releases heat, causing the temperature of the immediate
surrounding to rise, an endothermic process absorbs heat and cools the surrounding.
295) P.P.E SPECIFICATION

 Helmet: ANSI Z 89.12003

• EN 397: 1995 Approved
• PVC- material
• Chemical resistant HDDE thermoplastic Helmet with retched band.
 Safety goggle: EN: 166:2001
• ANSI Z 87.1
• Impact resistant polycarbonate scratched resistant, ant: fog
• 100% polycarbonate lance.
• 100% UV protection, chemical splash proof
 Safety shoes: Low angle, PV sole
• EN 345 S3A
• Toe protection 200j
• Puncture resistant steel plate
• Anti-resistant insole, oil / chemical and heat resistant, rust proof D ring.
 Face shield welder: EN 379 eye protection.
• EN 175 Face protection
• EN 397 heat protection
• Welding helmet with auto darkening filter.
 Face shield fabricator: ANSI Z 87.1
• Zero power transparent visor size 9*9
• Resistant to UV radiation, scratch, penetration, impact chemical, cold, heat.
 Nose mask [reusable]
• EN 149 FFP 1, FFP IS
• Efficiency: filers dust 85-90% up to 3-micron size of dust
• Twin heat bands having good elastic retention properties
 Dust mask disposal: Dust mask disposal all non over type micro fibre filters

296) GRANDER SELECTED SAFETY STANDARDS

 Be fitted & used with handle

 Be fitted with anti-kickback devices
 Be fitted with an emergency break, mechanism with stop the disc within 3 secs after
releasing the start button.

297) BASIC ELEMENT OF GOOD HSE PERFORMANCE.

 management commitment and leadership

 risk management- minimize risk
 objectives & improvement plan
 organization & responsibility
 competence, training & awareness.
 information communication & documentation.
 supplier’s contractors & business partners- reporting, procedure.
 operational control & assets
 Emergency preparedness & response
 incident reporting, investigation & analysis
 performing monitoring & compliance
  Assessment & improvement plan –DO- CHECK- ACT

QA- QUALITY ASSURANCE QC QUALITY CONTROL

298) HAZARD TYPE H&S

 Moving Object- Moving Vehicle

 Stike in to Object- Fall from Height
 Electricity
 Noise
 Vibration
 Radiation
 Fire and Heat
 Hazardous Substance Biological
 Explosion
 Mechanical Failure
 Sharp Edge
 Manual Handling
 Repetitive Movement
 Lighting Strike
 Insufficient Oxygen
 Moving Machinery

IRCA INTERNATIONAL REGISTER OF CERTIFICATION AUDIT

CQI CHARTERED QUALITY INSTITUTE

299) PROCESS SAFETY

 SIS- safety instrumented system

 SIL- safety integrity level
 SIF- safety instrument function
 HFO- heavy fuel oil
 GTP- Gas treatment plan
 CCR- central control room
 MCC- motor control centre
 P& ID- Piping & instrument diagram
 VFD/VSD- variable speed [frequency] drive
 SCADA- supervisory control & data acquisition

300) BA –SCBA Self contain breathing aperture

 self-contained, open circuit compressed air, positive pressure breathing aperture use in
where a high level of respiratory protection is required

• DURATION- FACTORS

 Work load, weight of BA

 Work environment with extreme heat or cold
 Physical fitness of the wearer
 Average consumption rate 40L / min[40min]