Syska Hennessy Group

J366

INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY AND

WATER CONSERVATION
ISEWC2015

Daniel H. Nall, PE, FAIA, FASHRAE,

LEED Fellow, BEMP, HPDP
Date
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 Approved for:

1
General CE hours
INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS
FOR ENERGY AND WATER
CONSERVATION
By ASHRAE
0
LEED-specific hours

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Course ID: 0920005373

6
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Syska Hennessy Group

© Syska Hennessy Group 2015

Course Description

This presentation discusses the how the

fundamentals of energy and water conservation in
buildings have been applied in four corporate
headquarters offices buildings around the world.
Different approaches to energy conservation are
presented, ranging from architecturally integrated
HVAC systems to innovative applications of
packaged equipment. The rationale behind each of
the diverse strategies is discussed. Presented water
conservation strategies range from low-flow fixtures
through desalination of brackish groundwater to on-
site black-water treatment.
Learning Objectives

At the end of the this course, participants will be able to:

1. Apply the basic principles of building energy conservation in different contexts.

2. Integrate different strategies of water conservation for dramatic reductions in
consumption.
3. Select conservation strategies in different locations, based on adaptation to climate
and context.
4. Allocate different types of reclaimed water to different types of non-potable uses.
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 INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS FOR ENERGY AND WATER CONSERVATION:
FOUR CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS

20/03/2016
Energy
ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS

• Reduced Heating and Cooling Loads

– Architecture
– Program
• Utilize Environmental Resources
– Daylighting
– Natural Free Cooling/Ventilation
• Improve Efficiency of Active Systems
– Optimized HVAC Systems
– Optimized Lighting Systems
• Utilize Renewable Energy Resources
– Photovoltaics
– Wind

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OPTIMIZED HVAC SYSTEMS

• Reduced Ventilation Load

– Demand Controlled Ventilation
– Heat Recovery
• Reduced Transport Energy
– Pumping
– Ventilation Fans
• Reduced Cooling Source Energy
– Reduced compressor lift
– Increased compressor/refrigerant efficiency
– Variable capacity compressor for part load efficiency
• Reduced Heating Source Energy
– Improved Equipment Efficiency
– Recovered Heat Source
• Load Management

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Water
THE NATURAL WATER CYCLE

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WATER CONSERVATION IN BUILDINGS

• Reduced Primary Potable Consumption

• Low flow Fixtures
• Water Sense Appliances
• Identify Non-Potable End Uses
• Flushing
• Irrigation
• Cooling Tower Make-up
• Exterior Housekeeping
• Harvest Non-potable Resources
• HVAC Condensate
• Stormwater Roof Run-off
• Cooling Tower Blow-down
• Surplus Groundwater

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WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES

• Water Conserving Fixtures

– Dual-Flush toilets
– Waterless or Very Low flow Urinals
– Aerated Faucets and Showerheads
• Water Efficient Appliances
– WaterSense Clothes Washers
– WaterSense Dishwashers
• Reduced Non-Potable Usage Technologies
– Trickle Irrigation
– Conductivity Controlled Cooling Tower Blowdown
• Non-Potable Water Treatment
– Graywater Treatment – Enhanced Aerobic Digestion
– Blackwater Treatment - Membrane Bioreactor (MBR)
– Living Machine Micro-ecology Water Treatment
– Reverse Osmosis for Reduction of Dissolved solids

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ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF NON-POTABLE WATER

Water Debris Suspended Dissolved Dissolved Microbia

Source Solids Inorganics Organics
City Water None Very Low Low Very Low Very Low
HVAC None Very Low Very Low Very Low Very Low
Condensate
Stormwater Low Medium Low Low Low
(Roof)
Stormwater Medium Medium Varies Varies Medium
(Grade)
Washwater Low Low Low Medium Low
CT Low Medium Medium Low Low
Blowdown
STP Effluent None Very Low Low Very Low Very Low
Blackwater High High Medium High High

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MATCHING WATER SOURCES AND USES

Water Source Primary Use Secondary Use

City Water Ingestion Personal Hygiene
HVAC Condensate Flushing Domestic Hygiene
Stormwater Flushing CT Make-up
(Roof)
Stormwater Irrigation
(Grade)
Washwater Irrigation
CT Blowdown Irrigation (R.O. ?)
Treated Blackwater CT Make-Up Irrigation

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THE “IMPROVED” URBAN WATER CYCLE

Optimal Usage of Alternative Water Sources

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CASE STUDY
SAP US Headquarters

20/03/2016
LEED Platinum LEED NC 2.2 21
SAP US HEADQUARTERS EXPANSION

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HVAC SYSTEM ENERGY COST REDUCTION
MEASURES

• Load Reduction: Envelope and Lighting

• Load Reduction: Demand Controlled Ventilation
• Load Reduction: South Facing Buffer Zone
• Environmental Resource: Airside Economizer, Daylight
• Reduced Transport Energy: Low Temperature Primary Air
Distribution
• Reduced Transport Energy: Underfloor Air Distribution
• Reduced Transport Energy: Thermally Active Floor
• Reduced Heating/Cooling Source Energy: Ground Coupled
Heat Pump System
• Load management: Ice Thermal Storage

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SAP
Under Floor Air System

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STRATEGIES

East/West Perimeter Strategy

• Thermostatic Underfloor VAV Fan Terminals
• Two pipe changeover coils for heating/peak cooling
North Perimeter Strategy
• Perimeter Upflow Slot Diffusers, non-fan forced
• Thermostatic Dampers for Diffusers
• Overhead Electric Radiant Panels interlocked with cooling
dampers
SAP HQ Interior HVAC Strategy
• Manually Adjustable Swirl Diffuser for Open- Office
• Thermostatic Diffusers for Private Offices
• Fan Coils with Electric Reheat and CO2 Sensors for Large
Conference Rooms

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SAP ATRIUM SYSTEM

• Outside Air System for Ventilation and Dehumidification

• Updraft Air Supply for Perimeter Heating
• Thermally Active Slab for Removal of Solar Heat Gain
• In heating mode, slab elevates mean radiant temperature
reduced by large window area
• Ground coupled heat pump provides 100ºF water for heating,
60ºF for cooling
• Cooling Water Economizer Cycle

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ATRIUM GROUND COUPLED THERMALLY ACTIVE
SLAB SYSTEM

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THERMALLY ACTIVE SLAB IN CONSTRUCTION

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ATRIUM THERMALLY ACTIVE SLAB

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CASE STUDY
BASF US Headquarters

LEED Platinum LEED CI 2009

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BASF HVAC SYSTEM
Energy Cost Reduction Measures

• Load Reduction: Envelope, Lighting and Daylighting

• Load Reduction: Airside Economizer
• Load Reduction: Demand Controlled Ventilation
• Reduced Transport Energy: Low Temperature Primary Air
Distribution
• Reduced Transport Energy: Underfloor Air Distribution
• Reduced Transport Energy: DX Rooftop Air Conditioner
• Reduced Heating/Cooling Source Energy: Evaporatively
Cooled Condensers
• Reduced Heating/Cooling Source Energy: Variable Speed
Magnetic Bearing Refrigeration Compressors

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AIR TOWERS FOR UNDERFLOOR AIR DISTRIBUTION

Side Profile of Column Fan Unit

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UFAD SYSTEM FLOOR LAYOUT

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CFD STUDY OF FLOOR SUPPLY PLENUM

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BASF EVAPORATIVE CONDENSER DX CUSTOM
PENTHOUSE

• Refrigerant Temperature Range Comparable to Water Cooled

Water Chiller
• Condenser Recirculation Pump Much Smaller than Condenser
Water Pump
• No Chilled Water Pump
• Reduced Fouling of Refrigerant Heat Transfer Surfaces
• Small Centrifugal Compressors Slightly Higher EIR Compared
with Large Centrifugal Water Chillers
• Variable Speed Drive Improves part Load Performance
• Overall Energy Savings Compared with Water Cooled Chiller
Plant

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CUSTOM PENTHOUSE LAYOUT

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VARIABLE SPEED MAGNETIC BEARING
REFRIGERATION COMPRESSOR

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CASE STUDY
Godrej Headquarters

LEED Platinum – India Green Building Council LEED NC

20/03/2016 38
GODREJ WATER EFFICIENCY MEASURES

• Potable Water Use limited to Ingestion, Personal Hygiene and

Food Service
• All Other Uses Non-Potable
• Non-potable Resource Reclamation
– HVAC Condensate Centrally collected
– One Million Gallon Stormwater Storage Tank
– Brackish Foundation Drain Effluent Collected
– Cooling Tower Blowdown Collected
• Reclaimed Water Treatment
– Stormwater Filtered and Chlorinated
– Tertiary Blackwater Treatment with MBR System
– CT Blowdown and Groundwater Treated with Reverse
Osmosis to Remove Dissolved Solids

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MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR BLACKWATER
TREATMENT

Effluent has Very Low BOD,

Little Impact on TDS
20/03/2016 40
PACKAGED REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS

14,000 gpd input at 1000 ppm TDS

11,000 gpd output at 80 ppm TDS
3,000 gpd waste at 4,400 ppm TDS
< 1.0 kWh/ per m3 water output

20/03/2016 41
GODREJ HEADQUATERS WATER DIAGRAM

20/03/2016 42
GODREJ WATER EFFICIENCY RESULTS

Usage
124,740 l/day Potable from City
94,500 l/day Non Potable flushing
124,740 l/day Non Potable Cooling Tower Make-up
15,120 l/day Non Potable Irrigation
359,100 l/day Total Usage

Sources
124,740 l/day Ingestion, Food Service, Personal Hygiene
177,660 l/day Blackwater Treatment
23,436 l/day Treated Foundation Drain Efluent
18,144 l/day Treated Cooling Tower Blowdown
11,340 l/day HVAC Condensate
3,780 l/day Stormwater Storage
359,100 l/day Total Supply

20/03/2016 43
CASE STUDY
Bank Headquarters, Buenos Aires

LEED Gold (target) LEED NC 3.0

20/03/2016 44
BUENOS AIRED HQ HVAC SYSTEM ENERGY COST
REDUCTION MEASURES

• Load Reduction: Envelope, Lighting and Daylighting

• Load Reduction: Heat Recovery Dedicated Outside Air
Ventilation System
• Reduced Transport Energy: Direct Refrigerant Fan Coils
• Reduced Heating/Cooling Source Energy: Water Cooled
Condensers with Cooling Tower
• Reduced Heating/Cooling Source Energy: Variable Speed
Refrigeration Compressors
• Reduced Heating Source Energy: Thermal Storage to Source
Morning Warm-up Heat

20/03/2016 45
BUENOS AIRES HQ HVAC SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

• Water Source Variable Refrigerant Flow Multi-split Heat Pumps

• Heat Recovery Mode for Heat Pumps – Reject Heat from
Cooling Zone into Heating Zone
• Thermal Storage on Tempered Water Loop
• Dedicated Outside Air Ventilation System with Enthalpy
Recovery Wheels
• 300 kW Electric Boiler on Tempered Water Loop for Everyday
Operation
• 3 mW Electric Boiler on Stand-by Generator for Cold Start-up
(Avoids Utility Connected Load Charge)

20/03/2016 46
BUENOS AIRES HQ HVAC SYSTEM VRF MULTI-
SPLIT HEAT PUMP

Building
Envelope
Tempered Water
Loop Piping
Refrigerant Fan
Coil (Typical)

Water Source
“Indoor” Heat
Pump Unit

Ventilation Air
Duct to Each
Floor

20/03/2016 47
BUENOS AIRES HQ HVAC SYSTEM THERMAL
STORAGE STRATEGY

• Design Heating Temperature is 0°C

• Peak Heating Occurs at Morning Warm-up after a Clear Night
• Clear Night Likely Follows a Sunny Day with High Temperature
Above 8°C
• Building Likely in Cooling Mode on Previous Day
• Heat Rejected into Tempered Water Loop Stored in 277m3 Fire
Protection Water Storage Tank
• Energy Modeling Estimates 60 Hours Use of Boiler
• Maximum boiler Output of 300 kW for Building Heating Load of
1 mW

20/03/2016 48
BUENOS AIRES HQ HVAC SYSTEM VRF MULTI-
SPLIT HEAT PUMP

• VRF Heat Pump “Indoor” Units

Each Floor
• Single Tempered Water Loop
• All Cooling Units, including
Server Rooms Cooled by
Tempered Water Loop
• Strategy is to Provide All
Building Heating with
Recovered Heat
• Thermal Storage Retains Heat
Overnight
• Energy Savings Approximately
30% with All Measures

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:

SAP US Headquarters Expansion, Newtown Square, PA

Architect – FX Fowle, New York, NY, USA
MEP Engineering – WSP Flack + Kurtz, New York, NY, USA

BASF US Headquarters, Florham Park, NJ

Architect – Rotwein and Blake Architects, Livingston, NJ; KPF Architects, New York, NY, USA
Base Building MEP engineering – AKF, Princeton, NJ
Interior Designer – Gensler, NYC
MEP Engineering – WSP Flack + Kurtz, New York, NY, USA

Godrej Headquarters, Mumbai, India

Architect – Pelli, Clarke, Pelli, New York, NY, USA
MEP Engineering – WSP Flack + Kurtz, New York, NY, USA

Bank Headquarters, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Architect – Pelli, Clarke, Pelli, New Haven, CT, USA
MEP Engineering – WSP Flack + Kurtz, New York, NY, USA

The engineering work described here was performed or supervised by Mr. Nall while he was a
Senior Vice President at WSP Flack + Kurtz, in New York City, NY

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 Dan Nall, P.E., FAIA, FASHRAE, LEED Fellow, BEMP, HBDP
dnall@syska.com

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