EMPIRICAL

score on LS

stat symbol X

"OBJECT" property: Life Satisfaction

unique person A 1
unique person B 2
unique person C 3
unique person D 4
unique person E 5

TOTAL 15
(summation)
A SAMPLE OF *common
Unique persons A, B, C, D, and n or df 5
attributes* - is techincally
E, together in a group, have the
used to describe the
same attributes on properties
condition of being or
that define the scope of the
having these *common
sample. AVERAGE 3
attributes*
(TYPICAL; per
person in a
given sample)

difference between E and T = how different is the E from the T? diff = (E - T)

THE TERMS VARIABILITY, VARIANCE, AND VARIATION ARE NOT INTERCHANGEABL

how do we describe dataset/set of observations?

object <-- sample size

property
attribute <-- M, s

The average LS score observed in a sample of 5 DLSU psych majors is 3

APA In this study, we observed the LS scores of a sample of 5 DLSU psych
 THEORETICAL EMPIRICAL theoretical
score on LS
deviation from the mean standardized score
M x = (X-M) z

True X or Expected X THE EXTENT OF DEV

in context of "EXTENT OF" deviation, variation, dispersion, FROM THE MEAN
describing an spread, difference, discrepancy, error THAT YOU OBSERVED
individual as a BETWEEN X AND M RELATIVE TO WHAT
member of a sample; YOU EXPECT
or as having the
common attributes in
the sample
3 -2 1.58113883008419 -1.26491106406735
3 -1 1.58113883008419 -0.632455532033676
3 0 1.58113883008419 0
3 1 1.58113883008419 0.632455532033676
3 2 1.58113883008419 1.26491106406735

15 0

3 1.58113883008419

<-- VARIABILITY = a statistical concept used to describe the difference between an empirical observation and

a) deviation from the mean = extent of variability observed from an individual as a unique person
b) squared devition from the mean = amount of variability observed from an indivi as a unique person

c) sum of squares = total amount of variability observed in the entire sample

d) variance = average squared deviation from the mean = amount of variability that you would observed from a mem
e) standard deviation = average deviation from mean = extent of variability that you would observe from a member

ARE NOT INTERCHANGEABLE

e of 5 DLSU psych majors is 3, with a standard deviation of 1.58.
of a sample of 5 DLSU psych majors (M = 3, s = 1.58).
 EMPIRICAL
squared deviation
from the mean
x^2 = (X - M)^2

"AMOUNT OF"
deviation, variation,
dispersion, spread,
difference,
discrepancy, error
BETWEEN X AND M
4
1
0
1
4

10

df = (n - 1) = 4

2.5

een an empirical observation and a central value (allegedly, the true score)

unique person
i as a unique person

at you would observed from a member in that sample

ou would observe from a member in that sample