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智能激光植物补光器的设计及应用
智能激光植物补光器的设计及应用
18
2023 年 9月 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering Sept. 2023 211
▪ 农业生物环境与能源工程 ▪
智能激光植物补光器的设计及应用
谷 乐 1,兰艳亭 1※,王春林 2,陈晓栋 3,方 炜 1,王瑞峰 1
(1. 中北大学电气与控制工程学院,太原 030000;2. 河北省特种设备技术检查中心张家口分中心,张家口 075000;
3. 北京中农博后农业科学研究院/中国健康农业产学研协同创新平台,北京 100193)
摘 要:针对目前植物补光设备照射范围有限、电-光转换效率不高、布线安装成本较高和使用环境有限等问题,该研
究设计了一种智能激光植物补光器。系统阐述了智能激光植物补光器的工作原理和结构设计,以“红颜”草莓为补光试
验对象,分析其补光效果。试验结果表明:使用该设备能增加草莓植株的叶片厚度和叶绿素含量,相比自然光照分别增
长了 6.6% 和 10.5%;能显著提高草莓果实的硬度和糖度(P<0.05),相比自然光照分别增长了 20.2% 和 15.5%。设计的
激光驱动电路电流精度达到 1 mA,在调节光照强度时精度高;使用型号为 VMS-300AL-GH-N01 的光合有效辐射传感器
测得光量子通量密度约为 55 µmol/(m2·s),标准偏差仅为 2.689,补光器出光均匀。使用智能激光植物补光器能促进植物
的生长发育及果实品质,在植物补光领域和农业现代化方面具有一定的推动作用。
关键词:植物;补光;激光;恒流驱动;智能控制;调光方式
doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.202305021
中图分类号:TM923 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1002-6819(2023)-18-0211-07
a. 正视图 b. 俯视图
a. Front view b. Top view
图 1 智能激光植物补光器 图 3 散热装置
Fig.1 Intelligent laser light-supplementation devices Fig.3 Heat dissipating arrangement
1.1.1 光源模组 通常把 LD 垂直与 PN 结的方向称为快方向,平行
光源模组由 LD、散热装置和光束整形装置组成,光 于 PN 结的方向称为慢方向,由于其特殊的工作原理,
源模组的结构如图 2 所示。大量的研究表明,红、蓝光 这两个方向上的光束质量和发散角极不均衡。为了解决
第 18 期 谷 乐等:智能激光植物补光器的设计及应用 213
VEN
F1
− F2
R1 R4 −
+
+
R5 F3
Rcs
−
VDAC
+
图 5 激光驱动电路
Fig.5 LD driver circuit schematic
读取补光强度
判断串口
否
触摸屏是否有补光数据 手动-开 手动-关
输入? 补光方式
是 自动 a. 试验场景 b. 补光效果
a. Experimental scenarios b. Light-supplementation effect
使用输入的 使用默认的 装载自动补光
补光数据 补光数据 时间段
图 8 试验场景
设定 Fig.8 Experimental scenario
时间
补光处理 开启补光 关闭补光
测定指标及方法:待草莓成熟后,从对照组和试验
a. 主流程图 b. 子流程图
组中各随机挑选 12 株草莓植株,每次测试选择一株,任
a. Master flowchart b. Subflowchart 取 5 片叶片和 5 个草莓果实,将叶片表面和果实清理干
图 6 控制流程图 净。1)用电子厚度计测定叶片的厚度,测定方法:把叶
Fig.6 Control flowchart 片放于厚度计两测量面之间,将测量面接触叶片,使其
与 叶 片 之 间 无 间 隙, 读 取 测 试 数 据 。 2) 使 用 SPAD-
1.2.2 上位机设计
502Plus 便携式叶绿素测定仪测定叶片的叶绿素相对含
考虑到植物补光装置的使用场地和使用人员,选择 量,测定方法:每个叶片选取 10 个不同的位置进行测
使用电容触摸屏作为上位机。其优点在于操作方便,界 定,取平均值。3)使用果实硬度仪测定果实硬度,测定
面直观。人机交互界面能实时显示补光装置的当前时间、 方法:将硬度计垂直于草莓表面,压头均与压入草莓中,
补光强度、补光时间和补光方式,使用人员也可以通过 当压头压到刻度线处停止,指针指示的读数即为果实硬
界面上的“设置”按键,对系统参数和补光参数进行更 度[31]。4)使用数字折光仪测定果实糖度,测定方法:用
改。人机交互界面如图 7 所示。 四分法对草莓果汁进行取样,榨取果汁并混合均匀后使
第 18 期 谷 乐等:智能激光植物补光器的设计及应用 215
表3 植物补光试验数据
Table 3 Experimental data on plant supplemental light
叶片厚度 叶绿素相对含量 果实硬度 果实糖度
试验号 Leaf thickness/mm Soil and plant analyzer development (SPAD) Fruit firmness/(N·cm−2) Fruit brix/%
Test No. 试验组 对照组 试验组 对照组 试验组 对照组 试验组 对照组
Test group Control group Test group Control group Test group Control group Test group Control group
1 0.32 0.35 47.8 44.6 1.81 1.35 13.7 12.6
2 0.39 0.36 45.4 45.2 1.98 1.78 13.4 10.1
3 0.38 0.34 39.2 39 2.22 2.1 13.5 11.3
4 0.35 0.32 42.9 35.4 2.08 1.45 12.2 10.9
5 0.40 0.34 43.6 40.8 2.05 1.82 12.8 10.5
6 0.40 0.37 40.6 39.5 1.78 1.55 11.6 11.8
7 0.38 0.38 45.6 41.3 2.32 1.60 12.1 12.8
8 0.40 0.37 44.8 40.2 1.99 1.54 13.8 9.8
9 0.39 0.37 44.1 39.8 1.82 1.42 12.8 11.6
10 0.35 0.33 46.8 36.2 1.80 1.87 13.2 10.8
11 0.39 0.36 45 40 1.99 1.76 13 11.4
12 0.38 0.36 46.8 40.2 2.08 1.67 13.6 11.2
平均值 Average value 0.378 0.354 44.383 40.183 1.993 1.659 12.975 11.232
标准偏差 Standard deviation 0.025 0.018 2.532 2.814 0.171 0.217 0.702 0.903
表明,使用补光器相比自然光照草莓植株的叶片厚度增
表 4 植物补光试验分析结果
Table 4 Analysis results on plant supplemental light
长了 6.6%,叶绿素含量增长 10.5%;草莓果实硬度增长
指标 叶片厚度 果实硬度 果实糖度 了 20.2%,糖度增长了 15.5%。使用智能激光植物补光
SPAD
Index Leaf thickness/mm Fruit firmness/N·cm−2 Fruit brix/% 器对草莓植株的生长发育有促进作用,能显著提高草莓
t 2.614 3.844 4.192 5.281
P <0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
果实的品质(P<0.05)。除此以外,经测试人员反馈,
还发现使用该补光器可以有效抑制红蜘蛛虫害。
4 结 论 由于补光试验周期较长,智能激光植物补光器和
LED 补光灯的对照试验还在进行中,目前试验数据不足,
本文研究并设计了一种智能激光植物补光器,系统 无法判断两者的补光效果是否存在差异,下一步将讨论
阐 述 了 补 光 器 的 工 作 原 理 和 结 构 设 计。 使 用 型 号 为 并解决该问题。
DP3020 的可调直流稳压电源对补光器进行性能试验,试
验结果:补光器的额定电压为 24 V,额定电流为 1.6 A, [ 参 考 文 献]
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第 18 期 谷 乐等:智能激光植物补光器的设计及应用 217
Abstract: Light is one of the most important influencing factors on plant growth. Light environments have also a significant
impact on plant growth and development. In the absence of natural light, crops in many areas can suffer from long harvest
cycles, low yields and poor quality. Fortunately, light-supplementation devices have been invented to supplement the light for
the crops. Among them, the light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been the main light source for the plant-filling light. But the
conventional LEDs can not fully meet large-scale production in recent years, due to the limited lighting range, low efficiency of
electricity-light exchange, high cost of line installation, and limited usage environment of light filler for plants. It is particularly
important to develop a new light source for plant filling. Compared with the commonly used light sources, laser can be
expected to the strong directionality, excellent monochromaticity, strong coherence, and high brightness. Moreover, lasers have
been widely used in various scientific and technological fields in the past few decades, such as medicine, material processing,
and communications. The lasers can also be used to improve the germination rate and the quality of seeds for the better growth
and development of plants, even to delay the decay of plant fruits. In this study, the laser diode (LD) was selected as the light
source of the fill light device, in order to design a plant light filler with the intelligent laser. The light source module was used
as 35 LDs with wavelengths of 450 nm (blue light) and 660 nm (red light). A heat sink was also designed with the aluminum
alloy, in order to ensure the output power and wavelength. The reason was that the LDs generated high heat when working for a
long time. The laser driver circuit achieved the adjustable LD drive current, that is, the output power of LD was adjustable. The
light intensities of red and blue lights were adjusted to set the light-matching ratio. The laser plant light filler was tested using
an adjustable direct current (DC) regulator with a voltage of 24 V, a current of 1.6 A, and a power of 38 W. The photosynthetic
photon flux density (PPFD) of the laser plant light filler was measured using a sensor for a total of 16 tests, with an average
value of about 55 µmol/(m2·s). An experimental and the control group were set with the "Red Face strawberry" as the subject of
the supplemental light test. The control group received the natural light, while the experimental group received the laser
supplemental light of 80 cm above the strawberries for 4 hours from 06:00 pm to 10:00 pm every day until the strawberry fruits
ripened. Twelve strawberries were randomly selected from the experimental and control groups and then examined for the leaf
thickness, chlorophyll content, fruit firmness and sugar content. The results show that the leaf thickness and chlorophyll content
of the plant increased by 6.6% and 10.5%, respectively; and the hardness and sugar content were significantly improved by
20.2% and 15.5%, respectively, compared with the natural light. The light-supplementation device can be expected to promote
the growth, development and quality of fruits, particularly on the precise adjustment and uniform light output. The compact
structure and fine waterproof properties can greatly contribute to the field of plant light in agricultural modernization.
Keywords: plants; supplemental light; laser; constant current drive; intelligent control; dimming technology