A

Project Report for Stage I

on
MILITARY SECURITY DRONE
Submitted to

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by

NALLU SAHITHYA (21BF5A0405)

VATTIVELLA CHANDU (21BF5A0408)
G. SAI YASHASWINI (20BF1A0451)
AKULA MOUNIKA REDDY (20BF1A0403)
G. SUKRUTHA (20BF1A0452)

Under the guidance of

Dr. D. Srinivasulu Reddy, Ph. D
Head of the Department, ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(Autonomous)
KARAKAMBADI ROAD, TIRUPATI – 517507
2020-2024
 SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(AUTONOMOUS)
KARAKAMBADI ROAD, TIRUPATI – 517507

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “MILITARY SECURITY
DRONE” is a bonafide record of the stage-I project work done and submitted by

NALLU SAHITHYA (21BF5A0405)

VATTIVELLA CHANDU (21BF5A0408)
G. SAI YASHASWINI (20BF1A0451)
AKULA MOUNIKA REDDY (20BF1A0403)
G. SUKRUTHA (20BF1A0452)

for the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of B.Tech. Degree in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, Sri Venkateswara
College of Engineering, (Autonomous) Tirupati.

Guide Head of the Department

Stage I Project Work Held on: 20/11/2023

EXAMINER 1 EXAMINER 2
 DECLARATION

We here by declare that the project report entitled "MILITARY SECURITY DRONE" submitted to the
Department of ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING in partial fulfillment of
requirements for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY. This project is the result of
our own effort and that it has not been submitted to any other University or Institution for the award of any
degree or diploma other than specified above.

NALLU SAHITHYA (21BF5A0405)

VATTIVELLA CHANDU (21BF5A0408)

G. SAI YASHASWINI (20BF1A0451)

AKULA MOUNIKA REDDY (20BF1A0403)

G. SUKRUTHA (20BF1A0452)
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We are thankful to our guide Dr. D. Srinivasulu Reddy for his valuable guidance and
encouragement. His helping attitude and suggestions have helped us in the successful completion of
the project.

We would like to express our gratefulness and sincere thanks to Dr. D. Srinivasulu Reddy,
Head of the Department of ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING, for his
kind help and encouragement during the course of our study and in the successful completion of the
project work.

We have great pleasure in expressing our hearty thanks to our beloved Principal
Dr. N. Sudhakar Reddy for his constant encouragement and support in all aspects to complete this
project.

Successful completion of any project cannot be done without proper support and
encouragement. We sincerely thank the Management for providing all the necessary facilities during
the course of study.

We would like to thank our parents and friends, who have the greatest contributions in all our
achievements, for the great care and blessings in making us successful in all our endeavors.

NALLU SAHITHYA (21BF5A0405)

VATTIVELLA CHANDU (21BF5A0408)

G. SAI YASHASWINI (20BF1A0451)

AKULA MOUNIKA REDDY (20BF1A0403)

G. SUKRUTHA (20BF1A0452)
 ABSTRACT

Drone is defined as an aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide
vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely and can carry a lethal or nonlethal payload. In today’s
development in design and technology drone is the breakthrough in various applications covering multi-
disciplinary expertise. It is controlled either autonomously by on-board computers or by remote control of a
pilot on the ground. In the proposed model autonomous drone development microcontroller-based drone
control system has been developed where a RF transmitter and receiver operating in the frequency of 2.4 GHz
are used for remote operation for the quadcopter. Drone can be categorized into two types based on the
platform. Firstly, rotor can be single rotor or multi-rotor such as tri-copters, quad-copters, hexa-copters and
octo-copters, second type is fixed wing works based on vertical take-off and landing. This application has
highlighted the UAV’s association with military, civilian, industry, weather monitoring and observing the
water flow in floods affected areas to rescue alive beings from the disaster zones and for precautionary alerts
so as to prevent some sort of damage in natural calamity.

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 CONTENTS

Chapter No Title Page No

Abstract i

Table of Contents ii

List of Figures iii

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Need for Drones 1–2

2 Literature Survey 3 – 12

2.1 Existing System 12 – 13

2.2 Drawbacks 13 – 14

3 Proposed System 15 – 16

3.1 Tools to be used 17 – 18

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 List of Figures

• Fig 2.1: MQ – 1 Predator

• Fig 2.2: DJI Phantom3
• Fig 2.3: DJI Mini Series
• Fig 2.4: Autel Evo Series
• Fig 2.5: Single Rotor Drones
• Fig 2.6: Multi Rotor Drones
• Fig 2.7: Fixed Wing Drones
• Fig 2.8: Small Drones
• Fig 2.9: Reconnaissance Drones
• Fig 2.10: Target & Decoy Drones
• Fig 2.11: GPS Drones
• Fig 2.12: Photography Drones
• Fig 3.1: Block diagram

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Chapter – 1

INTRODUCTION

The full form of drone is Dynamic Remotely Operated Navigation Equipment. Drones can be imaged
as flying robots that can be remotely controlled manually using transmitter and receiver modules, Drones can
also fly autonomously through software-controlled flight plans using embedded module in conjunction with
sensors and GPS.
Drones for military use were started in the mid-1990s with the High-Altitude Endurance Unmanned
Aerial Vehicle Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrator (HAE UAV ACTD) program managed by the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office
(DARO). This ACTD placed the base for the improvement of the Global Hawk. The Global Hawk hovers at
heights up to 65,000 feet and flying duration is up to 35 hours at speeds approaching 340 knots and it costs
approximately 200 million dollars. The wingspan is 116 feet and it can fly 13.8094 miles which is significant
distance. Motherland security and drug prohibition are the main needs Global Hawk was designed for. Another
very successful drone is the Predator which was also built in the mid-1990s but has since been improved with
Hellfire missiles. “Named by Smithsonian’s Air & Space magazine as one of the top ten aircraft that changed
the world, Predator is the most combat-proven Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) in the world”. The original
version of the Predator, built by General Atomics, can fly at 25,000 feet for 40 hours at a maximum airspeed
of 120.

1.1 Need for Drones:

Before the existence of drones, there were several challenges and limitations in various fields such as
Limited Access to Remote areas, High Costs and Resource Requirements, Safety Risks for Humans, Time-
Intensive Operations, Inefficient Data Collection. Hence, the introduction of drones has helped address these
problems by providing a cost-effective, efficient, and safe solution for various tasks.
Drones are necessary for many reasons because of their special advantages and capabilities. The following
justifies the need for drones:
• Aerial photography and videography: Beautiful aerial photos and films can be taken using drones that
have cameras attached to them. They are employed in the cinema, real estate, advertising, and other
businesses that seek out unusual viewpoints and aerial images.
• Surveillance and Security: Drones are utilized for surveillance tasks including keeping an eye on vast
areas, controlling borders, or locating wildlife. When human access may be hazardous or difficult,
they can offer real-time video feeds and assistance.

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• Delivery and Logistics: Businesses are investigating package delivery via drones. Drones have the
ability to go through traffic and reach far-off locations more quickly, which might shorten delivery
times and save money.
• Disaster Management: Drones can be used in disaster-affected areas to seek survivors, assess damage,
and give emergency personnel situational awareness. They can assist in coordinating relief efforts and
gain access to locations that might be dangerous for people.
• Accuracy and Precision: Drones can be programmed to fly along exact routes and to accomplish jobs
with a high degree of accuracy. This is advantageous for uses like crop spraying, where drones can
target exact locations, cutting down on chemical usage and lessening the impact on the environment.
• Cost-Effectiveness and Efficiency: When compared to conventional techniques, drones can complete
jobs more affordably and efficiently. Drones, as opposed to manned aircraft or manual inspections,
can save time and resources when used for aerial surveys and inspections.
• Innovation and Exploration: Drones offer a platform for exploration and innovation across a range of
industries. In ways that were not previously feasible, they allow scientists, researchers, and enthusiasts
to investigate novel viewpoints, carry out investigations, and collect data.

Drones are becoming more and more useful tools across a range of industries as technology develops and new
uses for them appear.

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Chapter – 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), commonly known as drones, have witnessed significant evolution
since their inception. Initially developed for military purposes, UAVs have expanded their applications to
various sectors, including agriculture, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. This literature survey
aims to trace the trajectory of UAV development, examining key advancements and applications from their
early days to the present.
During World War II, UAVs gained prominence for reconnaissance and target practice. The
"Radioplane OQ-2," developed by actor and inventor Reginald Denny, became one of the first mass-produced
UAVs. Military applications continued to drive UAV development during the Cold War, with a focus on
surveillance and intelligence gathering.
The concept of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) dates back to the mid-1800s. The first recognized
drone was the Aerial Target, which was used by the British Royal Navy in 1917. The Aerial Target was a
small, radio-controlled aircraft. UAVs dates back to the early 20th century, with the development of radio-
controlled aircraft during World War I. Notable milestones include the Kettering Bug, an early cruise missile
developed by the U.S. military in the 1910s. These early UAVs laid the foundation for subsequent innovations
in remote-controlled aviation.
Advancements in microelectronics and materials science in the latter half of the 20th century paved
the way for miniaturized UAVs with increased payload capacities. This allowed for the integration of
sophisticated sensors, cameras, and communication systems, expanding the scope of UAV applications.
The integration of GPS technology and advanced onboard computers facilitated autonomous flight
capabilities, reducing the need for constant human control. This marked a significant shift from remote-
controlled to semi-autonomous and autonomous UAV operations.
In recent years, UAVs have transitioned beyond military use into civilian and commercial domains.
Agriculture, environmental monitoring, infrastructure inspection, and filmmaking are among the diverse
applications of modern UAVs. The accessibility of consumer drones has also contributed to their widespread
adoption.
The proliferation of UAVs has raised concerns about privacy, safety, and regulatory frameworks.
Governments worldwide are grappling with the need to balance innovation with safeguarding public interests.
This section explores the evolving regulatory landscape and ethical considerations associated with UAV
deployment.

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The first modern drone was the De Havilland DH. 82B Queen Bee, which was developed in 1935. The
Queen Bee was a low-cost, radio-controlled drone that was used for aerial target practice.

❖ Early Years (2000s):

➢ Predator (General Atomics MQ-1 Predator):
The MQ-1 Predator is a long-endurance, medium-altitude UAV developed by General
Atomics. It has become one of the most well-known and widely used drones by the United
States military and other allied forces. Originally designed for reconnaissance, the MQ-1 has
been adapted for various roles, including surveillance, target acquisition, and even armed attack
missions.
o Advantages:
- One of the first drones used for military reconnaissance and surveillance.
- Offers long-endurance flights, real-time video feeds.
- Ability to carry out missions over long distances.
o Disadvantages:
- Limited payload capacity
- lower image quality compared to modern drones
- Requires skilled operators for effective use.

Fig 2.1: MQ – 1 Predator

❖ Mid-2010s:
➢ DJI Phantom Series (e.g., Phantom 3, Phantom 4):
The DJI Phantom series refers to a line of consumer-oriented quadcopter drones developed
and manufactured by DJI. These drones are designed for recreational and semi-professional
use, offering a balance of user-friendly features and advanced capabilities.

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o Advantages:
- The Phantom series brought consumer drones to the mainstream market.
- Offers easy-to-use controls, stable flight, integrated cameras, and various
intelligent flight modes.
- Popular for aerial photography and videography.
o Disadvantages:
- Limited flight time.
- Less advanced obstacle avoidance systems.
- Larger form factors compared to newer models.

Fig 2.2: DJI Phantom3

❖ Late 2010s:
➢ DJI Mavic Series (e.g., Mavic Pro, Mavic Air):
The DJI Mavic series is a line of compact and foldable consumer drones developed by DJI.
Launched in the late 2010s, the Mavic series is characterized by its portable design, high-
performance capabilities, and advanced features tailored for both recreational users and
professionals.
o Advantages:
- Compact and foldable drones
- Obstacle avoidance, longer flight times, improved camera capabilities, and
portability.
- Offers high-quality aerial imaging and were suitable for both enthusiasts and
professionals.
o Disadvantages:
- Limited camera capabilities compared to higher-end professional drones.
- Smaller sensors which affected low-light performance.

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➢ DJI Inspire Series (e.g., Inspire 1, Inspire 2):
The DJI Inspire series is a line of high-end, professional-grade drones designed for aerial
cinematography and industrial applications. Developed by DJI, these UAVs are characterized
by their advanced features, modular design, and the ability to carry high-quality cameras and
other payloads
o Advantages:
- Targets professional users with its modular design.
- Interchangeable cameras, advanced flight capabilities, and high-quality image
output.
- Offers more flexibility and customization options for professional aerial
photography and cinematography.
o Disadvantages:
- Higher price point compared to consumer-grade drones.
- Larger and less portable.
- Requires more setup time and skilled operators.
❖ Recent Years:
➢ DJI Mini Series (e.g., Mavic Mini):
The DJI Mini series is a line of consumer-grade unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
developed by DJI. Characterized by their compact size, lightweight design, and user-friendly
features, these drones are intended to provide an entry point for individuals interested in aerial
photography and videography without the complexities of larger, professional-grade drones
o Advantages:
- Lightweight and portable drones for recreational use.
- Offers simplified flight controls, good image quality.
- Compliance with drone regulations in many countries.
- Compact and easy to carry.
o Disadvantages:
- Smaller sensors which affected low-light performance.
- Limited flight capabilities compared to higher-end models.

Fig 2.3: DJI Mini Series

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➢ Autel Evo Series (e.g., Autel Evo):
The Autel Evo series is a line of drones developed by Autel Robotics, a company
specializing in the manufacturing of unmanned aerial vehicles. The series includes models such
as the Autel Evo, which is designed to provide users with advanced aerial imaging capabilities,
intelligent flight features, and a user-friendly experience.
o Advantages:
- Aimed to compete with DJI's consumer drones.
- Offers features like foldable design, obstacle avoidance, high-quality cameras,
and longer flight times.
- Alternative option for aerial photography and videography.
o Disadvantages:
- Smaller market presence compared to DJI.
- Potentially smaller ecosystem of accessories and community support.
- Fewer intelligent flight modes compared to DJI drones.

Fig 2.4: Autel Evo Series

❖ Single-Rotor-Drones:
The single-rotor drone type is strong and durable. They resemble real helicopters in structure
and design. These are the most basic drones. It has a single rotor, sometimes called a tail unit.

Fig 2.5: Single-Rotor-Drone

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o Advantages:
- Efficient and capable of carrying heavy payloads.
- Longer flight times compared to multi-rotor drones.
- Better stability and control in windy conditions.
o Disadvantages:
- Complex mechanical design and maintenance.
- Higher cost compared to multi-rotor drones.
- More difficult to fly and require advanced piloting skills.
❖ Multi-Rotor Drones:
Drones with multiple rotors that are easy to fly, offer vertical take-off and landing, but have
limited flight time and stability in windy conditions.

Fig 2.6: Multi-Rotor Drones

o Advantages:
- Easy to fly and manoeuvre.
- Vertical take-off and landing capability.
- Can hover in place, providing stable aerial footage.
o Disadvantages:
- Limited flight time due to battery constraints.
- Less efficient compared to fixed-wing drones.
- Susceptible to wind, making them less stable in adverse weather
conditions.

❖ Fixed-Wing Drones:
Drones with fixed wings that provide longer flight times, greater range, and stability, but require
a runway or catapult for take-off and landing.

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Fig 2.7: Fixed-Wing Drones

o Advantages:
- Longer flight times and greater range.
- More efficient in terms of energy consumption.
- Better stability and resistance to wind.
o Disadvantages:
- Require a runway or catapult for take-off and landing.
- Limited maneuverability compared to multi-rotor drones.
- Not suitable for hovering or capturing stationary footage.
❖ Small Drones:
Portable and affordable drones that are easy to transport, but have limited payload capacity,
shorter flight times, and may be less stable in windy conditions.

Fig 2.8: Small Drones

o Advantages:
- Portable and easy to transport.
- Can be flown indoors or in tight spaces.
- Generally, more affordable compared to larger drones.
o Disadvantages:
- Limited payload capacity and shorter flight times.
- Less stable in windy conditions.

❖ Reconnaissance Drones:
Drones used for intelligence gathering and surveillance missions, covering large areas quickly,
but with limited payload capacity and vulnerability to detection and interception.

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Fig 2.9: Reconnaissance Drones

o Advantages:
- Gather intelligence and perform surveillance missions.
- Can cover large areas quickly and efficiently.
- Provide real-time video feeds and imagery.
o Disadvantages:
- Limited payload capacity for additional equipment.
- Vulnerable to detection and interception.
- Restricted by regulations and airspace limitations.

❖ Target and Decoy Drones:

Drones used for training and testing, mimicking real targets to improve accuracy and divert
enemy fire, but have limited functionality, vulnerability to damage, and require careful control.

Fig 2.10: Target and Decoy Drones

o Advantages:
- Used for training and testing purposes.
- Mimic the behavior of real targets to improve accuracy.
- Can divert enemy fire away from actual assets.

o Disadvantages:
- Limited functionality and payload capacity.
- Vulnerable to damage during training exercises.
- Require careful coordination and control to avoid accidents.

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❖ GPS Drones:

Drones with precise navigation and positioning capabilities, capable of following pre-
programmed flight paths autonomously, but rely on GPS signals and may have limited functionality in
GPS-denied environments.

Fig 2.11: GPS Drones

o Advantages:
- Precise navigation and positioning capabilities.
- Can follow pre-programmed flight paths autonomously.
- Enable accurate mapping and surveying.

o Disadvantages:
- Reliance on GPS signals, which can be disrupted or jammed.
- Limited functionality in GPS-denied environments.
- Require regular updates and calibration for optimal performance.

❖ Photography Drones:
Drones used for capturing aerial photos and videos, providing unique perspectives, but have
limited flight time, susceptibility to wind and vibrations, and may require additional
stabilization equipment.

Fig 2.12: Photography Drones

o Advantages:
- Capture stunning aerial photos and videos.
- Provide unique perspectives and creative possibilities.
- Easy to operate with user-friendly controls.

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o Disadvantages:
- Limited flight time for extended photography sessions.
- Susceptible to wind and vibrations affecting image quality.
- May require additional stabilization equipment for professional-grade results.

2.1 Existing System:

Military security drones have evolved into highly sophisticated tools that provide persistent
surveillance, reconnaissance, and even precision strike capabilities. They are employed for a wide range of
missions, including intelligence gathering, target tracking, search and rescue, and border security. These are
unmanned aerial vehicles that can be remotely operated or operate autonomously. They vary in size and
capabilities, from small hand-launched drones to large, long-endurance systems.

Some of the existing systems of military security drones include:

● Surveillance and Reconnaissance: Military security drones are equipped with cameras and other
sensors that allow them to monitor and gather intelligence on enemy movements and activities. They
can be used to track troop movements, identify potential targets, and provide real-time situational
awareness to military commanders.

● Identifying potential threats: Military security drones can be used to identify potential threats to
military personnel and assets. They can be equipped with sensors that detect heat signatures, motion,
and other indicators of potential danger. This information can be used to alert military personnel to
potential threats and help them take appropriate action.

● Performing air operations: Military security drones can be used to perform a variety of air operations,
including surveillance, reconnaissance, and target acquisition. They can also be used to deliver supplies
and equipment to troops in the field.

● Monitoring the movements of enemies: Military security drones can be used to monitor the movements
of enemy troops and vehicles. They can be equipped with sensors that detect movement and other
indicators of enemy activity. This information can be used to help military commanders plan and
execute operations.

Military security drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are used for a
variety of purposes. They are equipped with cameras and other sensors that allow them to monitor and
gather intelligence on enemy movements and activities. They can be used to track troop movements,
identify potential targets, and provide real-time situational awareness to military commanders. Military
security drones can also be used to identify potential threats to military personnel and assets.
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They can be equipped with sensors that detect heat signatures, motion, and other indicators of potential
danger. This information can be used to alert military personnel to potential threats and help them take
appropriate action.

Military security drones can perform a variety of air operations, including surveillance,
reconnaissance, and target acquisition. They can also be used to deliver supplies and equipment to troops in
the field. Military security drones can be used to monitor the movements of enemy troops and vehicles. They
can be equipped with sensors that detect movement and other indicators of enemy activity. This information
can be used to help military commanders plan and execute operations.

2.2 Drawbacks:

The following are the drawbacks of the existing system drones.

• Identifying Locations Requiring Human Intervention: Drones encounter challenges in effectively

identifying locations where human intervention is necessary. The reliance on basic algorithms for
navigation and location identification is a significant limitation. The lack of advanced artificial
intelligence (AI) algorithms hampers their ability to recognize complex scenarios that may require
human intervention. Furthermore, inadequate object recognition technology poses a risk, as drones
may overlook critical situations, such as identifying specific individuals in distress. The dependency
on pre-defined data, often stored in maps or databases, introduces issues of accuracy and timeliness
in dynamic environments.
• Deployment to Inaccessible Areas: Drones face hurdles in deploying to inaccessible areas, limiting
their effectiveness in scenarios such as dense forests, mountainous regions, or urban environments
with complex structures. The limited terrain adaptability of drones can impede navigation through
challenging landscapes. Vulnerability to adverse weather conditions, such as strong winds, heavy
rain, or snow, compromises drone performance and restricts their ability to reach remote or difficult-
to-access locations. Moreover, legal and regulatory restrictions may limit drone deployment in areas
deemed environmentally sensitive or posing risks to public safety.
• Limited Range: Drones are constrained by limitations in their operational range, affecting their overall
effectiveness. Short flight durations, resulting from limited battery life, constrain the range a drone can
cover before requiring recharging. Communication range restrictions between the drone and its control
center further limit operational range and responsiveness to events beyond this range. Payload capacity
constraints affect a drone's ability to carry necessary equipment or sensors, impacting its capacity to
cover large areas or perform tasks requiring specialized gear.

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• Skill and Training Requirements: Operating drones demands specific skills and training, posing
challenges to their widespread use. Complex operation interfaces, requiring advanced technical skills,
present a barrier to seamless drone operation. Specialized pilot training, especially in scenarios like
search and rescue missions or complex surveillance operations, goes beyond standard drone piloting
courses. The lack of standardized training protocols across different drone models increases the
learning curve for operators, complicating transitions between various systems.

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Chapter – 3
PROPOSED SYSTEM

The concept of surveillance in military using drones assures to avoid the problem of identifying
enemies without risking lives during attacks etc.
Thus, the proposed drone can help in surveillance and monitoring of different locations and terrains.
The use of autonomous surveillance drone is the solution to these problems.

Camera

Fig 3.1: Block diagram

This is a block diagram of a drone system. It shows the different components of the drone and how
they are connected. The diagram is made up of different shapes and lines, with labels on each shape to explain
what it is.

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The components of the drone system include a receiver, GPS, camera, ESC, BLDC motors, telemetry,
and a Pixhawk flight controller. The receiver is connected to the Pixhawk flight controller, which is
connected to the ESC and BLDC motors. The GPS and camera are also connected to the Pixhawk flight
controller.

• The receiver is a device that receives signals from the remote control and sends them to the flight
controller. These signals typically include commands for various drone functions, such as throttle,
pitch, roll, and yaw. The receiver then relays these commands to the flight controller.
• The GPS is used to determine the drone’s location and altitude. It relies on signals from multiple
satellites to calculate the drone's position with high accuracy. This information is crucial for features
like waypoint navigation, return to home, and geofencing.
• The camera is used to capture images and video. Drones can be equipped with various types of
cameras, including RGB cameras for photography, and specialized cameras for tasks like thermal
imaging or multispectral analysis. The camera's feed is often transmitted to the operator's ground
station for real-time monitoring or recording.
• The ESC (Electronic Speed Controller) controls the speed of the motors. An electronic speed controller
or ESC is a device installed to a remote-controlled electrical model to vary its motor's speed and
direction. It needs to plug into the receiver's throttle control channel.
• The BLDC motors (Brushless DC motors) are used to power the drone and provide lift. They are more
efficient and durable compared to brushed motors. BLDC motors are often used in combination with
propellers to generate thrust and lift, allowing the drone to move in different directions.
• The telemetry is used to transmit data between the drone and the ground station. It can include
information such as battery voltage, GPS coordinates, altitude, and more. Telemetry data is crucial for
real-time monitoring, mission planning, and ensuring the drone's safe operation.
• The Pixhawk flight controller is the brain of the drone, which processes all the data from the sensors
and controls the drone’s movement. It processes data from various sensors, including GPS,
accelerometers, gyroscopes, and barometers. The flight controller uses this data to stabilize the drone,
control its movement, and execute flight plans. It also manages communication with other components
like ESCs, GPS, and telemetry.

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3.1 Tools to be used:

The following are the tools to be used in designing the drone.

• S500 Carbon Fiber Frame: The S500 Carbon Fiber Frame serves as the structural foundation for
your drone. Constructed from lightweight and durable carbon fiber material, this frame provides a
sturdy and rigid platform to support the various components of your drone. Its design is optimized for
stability and reliability during flight.
• 1000KV BLDC (Brushless DC) Motor: The 1000KV BLDC motor is a key component responsible
for generating thrust to propel your drone through the air. The 1000KV rating indicates the motor's
rotational speed per volt, helping you achieve a balance between power and efficiency.
• 30A ESC (Electronic Speed Controller): The Electronic Speed Controller, or ESC, regulates the
speed of the BLDC motor by controlling the electrical current. The 30A ESC is capable of handling
up to 30 amps of current, ensuring smooth and precise control over the motor's speed.
• Pixhawk 4 Flight Controller: The Pixhawk 4 Flight Controller is the brain of your drone, responsible
for processing sensor data and translating it into commands for the motors. It features advanced
capabilities for autonomous flight, stability, and navigation, making it a popular choice for hobbyists
and professionals alike.
• PM05 Power Module: The PM05 Power Module is used to monitor and provide power to the Pixhawk
4 Flight Controller. It ensures a stable and reliable power supply, contributing to the overall
performance and safety of the drone.
• M8N/M9N GPS: The M8N/M9N GPS module is crucial for accurate positioning and navigation. It
allows your drone to determine its location with high precision, enabling features such as waypoint
navigation and return-to-home functionality.
• Telemetry: Telemetry enables two-way communication between your drone and a ground station. It
provides real-time data on the drone's status, including altitude, speed, and battery level. This
information is essential for monitoring and controlling the drone during flight.
• 8 – Channel Transmitter and 8-Channel PPM Receiver: The 8-channel transmitter is the handheld
remote control you use to pilot your drone. It communicates with the 8-channel PPM (Pulse Position
Modulation) receiver on the drone, allowing you to send control signals for steering, throttle, and other
functions.

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 Military Security Drone
• 4 ESC Power Distribution Board: The Power Distribution Board distributes power from the battery
to the ESCs, ensuring each component receives the necessary electrical supply. It helps maintain a
balanced power distribution across the drone's system.
• 2200mAh 3S LiPo Battery: The 2200mAh 3S LiPo (Lithium Polymer) battery serves as the energy
source for your drone. The 3S refers to the number of cells in series, providing an appropriate voltage
for the system. This battery capacity is recommended for optimal flight duration.
• 3S LiPo Balance Charger: The 3S LiPo balance charger is used to recharge the drone's battery. It
ensures each cell in the battery pack is charged evenly, promoting longevity and safe operation.
• 1045 or 10x4.5 CW & CCW Propellers: Propellers are crucial for generating thrust and controlling
the drone's stability. The 1045 or 10x4.5 CW & CCW (Clockwise and Counterclockwise) propellers
are specified for their size and rotational direction, contributing to efficient and balanced flight.
• QGround Control: QGround Control is another open-source ground control station software that
supports a variety of unmanned systems, including drones equipped with Pixhawk flight controllers,
which is consistent with your component list. QGround Control provides a versatile and intuitive
interface for mission planning, vehicle setup, and real-time telemetry monitoring.

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