Cambridge International AS & A Level

* 6 1 7 1 3 8 5 9 1 3 *

CHEMISTRY 9701/22
Paper 2 AS Level Structured Questions February/March 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 60.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.
● Important values, constants and standards are printed in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (RW/CB) 309508/3
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
 2

1 The Pauling electronegativity values of elements can be used to predict the chemical properties of
compounds.

Use the information in Table 1.1 to answer the following questions.

Table 1.1

element H Li C O S
Pauling electronegativity value 2.1 1.0 2.5 3.5 2.6
first ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 1310 519 1090 1310 1000
second ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 — 7300 2350 3390 2260

(a) (i) Define electronegativity.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) O and S are in Group 16.

Explain the difference in the Pauling electronegativity values of O and S.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) (i) LiH is an ionic compound.

Draw a dot‑and‑cross diagram of LiH.

Include all electrons.

[2]

(ii) Suggest the shape of a molecule of H2S.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23

 3

(c) (i) Write an equation that represents the first ionisation energy of H.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Explain why there is no information given in Table 1.1 for the second ionisation energy
of H.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Give the full electronic configuration of S2+(g).

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) CO2 and SO2 are acidic gases.

(i) Write an equation for the reaction of SO2 with H2O.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of SO2 with NaOH.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Construct an equation for the reaction of CO2 with Mg(OH)2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23 [Turn over

 4

(e) (i) Complete Table 1.2 by placing a tick (✓) to show which of the compounds have molecules
with an overall dipole moment.

Table 1.2

compound O=C=O O=S=O S=C=S S=C=O

overall dipole
moment
[2]

(ii) At 150 °C and 103 kPa, all of the compounds listed in Table 1.2 are gases.

Under these conditions, 0.284 g of one of the compounds occupies a volume of 127 cm3.

Use this information to calculate the Mr of the compound. Hence, identify the compound
from those given in Table 1.2.

Show your working.

Mr = .............................................. identity of compound = ..............................................

[3]

[Total: 17]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23

 5

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23 [Turn over

 6

2 The Group 2 elements Mg to Ba are all silvery‑white reactive metals.

(a) (i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the bonding and structure of the Group 2 metals at
room temperature.

[2]

(ii) Explain why Mg has a higher electrical conductivity than Na.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Write an equation for the reaction of magnesium with cold water.

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Identify a single reagent that can be used to distinguish separate samples of dilute
Mg(NO3)2(aq) and dilute Ba(NO3)2(aq).

Explain your answer.

reagent .....................................................................................................................................

explanation ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23

 7

(d) (i) Describe what is observed when SrI2(aq) reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Compound X, an anhydrous Group 2 bromide, is dissolved in water and titrated against
aqueous silver nitrate.

A solution containing 0.250 g of X requires 33.65 cm3 of 0.0500 mol dm–3 AgNO3(aq) for
complete reaction.

Identify X.

Show your working.

X = ......................................................... [3]

[Total: 11]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23 [Turn over

 8

3 Alkenes undergo an addition reaction with a 1:1 mixture of CO and H2 to form aldehydes.

Fig. 3.1 shows the reaction of propene with a 1:1 mixture of CO and H2.

CO CHO
CHO and
H2
propene A B

Fig. 3.1

(a) (i) Define addition reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Aldehydes A and B are structural isomers.

State the type of structural isomerism shown by A and B.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Name A.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) The complete reaction of propene with a 1:1 mixture of CO and H2 produces A and B
only. The product mixture contains 96% A and 4% B.

Calculate the mass of A produced in this reaction when 5.00 × 103 kg of propene is used.

mass of A = ..................................................... kg [1]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23

 9

(b) A and B show reactions typical of aliphatic aldehydes.

(i) A undergoes a nucleophilic addition reaction with a mixture of HCN and KCN, forming
compound C.

Complete the diagram to show the mechanism for this reaction.

Include charges, dipoles, lone pairs of electrons and curly arrows, as appropriate.

Draw the structure of the organic intermediate.

A C
O OH
C H C C3H7
H C3H7
CN

[4]

(ii) Table 3.1 shows information about three experiments involving B.

Complete Table 3.1.

Table 3.1

experiment reagents observation with B

1 solution turns from orange to green

a silver mirror forms on the sides of

2
the reaction vessel

3 Br2(aq)

[3]

(iii) B, C4H8O, is oxidised by acidified potassium manganate(VII).

Complete the equation for this reaction. Use [O] to represent one atom of oxygen from
the oxidising agent.

C4H8O + ...................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23 [Turn over

 10

(iv) C is a chiral molecule.

Circle any chiral centres in the structure of C shown in Fig. 3.2.

C
OH H H H
H C C C C H
C H H H
III
N

Fig. 3.2
[1]

(c) When propene reacts with CO and an excess of H2, an alkane and a mixture of alcohols are
formed instead. The alcohols are isomers of each other.

Suggest the molecular formulae of the alkane and the alcohols that are formed under these
conditions.

molecular formula of alkane .....................................................................................................

molecular formula of alcohols ...................................................................................................

[2]

(d) The reaction of ethene, C2H4, with a 1:1 mixture of CO and H2 is shown in equation 1.

equation 1 C2H4(g) + CO(g) + H2(g) CH3CH2CHO(g)

At atmospheric pressure a cobalt‑based catalyst is used in this reaction.

(i) State and explain the effect of using a catalyst on this reaction.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23

 11

(ii) Explain why the yield of CH3CH2CHO(g) increases when the overall pressure of the
reaction mixture is increased.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Use the information in Table 3.2 to calculate the enthalpy change, ΔHr, of the reaction in
equation 1.

equation 1 C2H4(g) + CO(g) + H2(g) CH3CH2CHO(g)

Table 3.2

enthalpy change of
compound
formation, ΔHf / kJ mol–1
C2H4(g) +52
CO(g) –111
CH3CH2CHO(g) –187

ΔHr = ............................................ kJ mol–1 [2]

(iv) The reaction mixture is cooled to collect CH3CH2CHO as a liquid.

Identify all types of van der Waals’ forces that are present between molecules of
CH3CH2CHO.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 21]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23 [Turn over

 12

4 Fig. 4.1 shows some reactions of compound D, 2‑bromobutane.

D E
reaction 1 addition
Br
polymer

reaction 4
reaction 2 KCN dissolved
AgNO3(aq) in in ethanol
ethanol

F G H
reaction 5
OH CN CH2NH2
LiAl H4

reaction 3
alkaline I2(aq)

yellow
precipitate
+
an organic ion

Fig. 4.1

(a) (i) State the reagent and conditions used to form E in reaction 1.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Draw the structure of one repeat unit of the addition polymer that forms from E.

[1]

(iii) E also forms when F is heated strongly in the presence of an Al 2O3 catalyst.

Write an equation for this reaction.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23

 13

(b) (i) Predict what is observed in reaction 2.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Identify the yellow precipitate and the organic ion formed in reaction 3.

yellow precipitate ...............................................................................................................

organic ion .........................................................................................................................

[2]

(c) (i) State the type of reaction that occurs in reaction 4.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Reaction 5 is similar to the reaction of LiAl H4 with carboxylic acids to form alcohols.

Suggest the role of LiAl H4 in reaction 5.

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) (i) Fig. 4.2 shows the infrared spectrum of one of the compounds D, E, F, G or H.

100

transmittance
50
/%

0
4000 3000 2000 1500 1000 500
wavenumber / cm–1

Fig. 4.2

Use information from Table 4.1 (on page 14) to identify which of the compounds D, E, F,
G or H produces the infrared spectrum in Fig. 4.2.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23 [Turn over

 14

Table 4.1

bond functional groups containing the bond characteristic infrared absorption range
(in wavenumbers) / cm–1
C–O hydroxy, ester 1040–1300
C=C aromatic compound, alkene 1500–1680
C=O amide 1640–1690
carbonyl, carboxyl 1670–1740
ester 1710–1750
C≡N nitrile 2200–2250
C–H alkane 2850–2950
N–H amine, amide 3300–3500
O–H carboxyl 2500–3000
hydroxy 3200–3600

(ii) In the mass spectrum of D, the relative abundance of the molecular ion peak is 3.4.

Predict the relative abundance of the M+2 peak for D.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 11]

© UCLES 2023 9701/22/F/M/23


Important values, constants and standards
molar gas constant
Faraday constant
Avogadro constant
electronic charge
molar volume of gas
ionic product of water
specific heat capacity of water
© UCLES 2023
15
R = 8.31 J K–1 mol–1
F = 9.65 × 104 C mol–1
L = 6.022 × 1023 mol–1
e = –1.60 × 10–19 C
Vm = 22.4 dm3 mol–1 at s.t.p. (101 kPa and 273 K)
Vm = 24.0 dm3 mol–1 at room conditions
Kw = 1.00 × 10–14 mol2 dm–6 (at 298 K (25 °C))
c = 4.18 kJ kg–1 K–1 (4.18 J g–1 K–1)
9701/22/F/M/23
© UCLES 2023
The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
1 2 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1.0 4.0
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
6.9 9.0 relative atomic mass 10.8 12.0 14.0 16.0 19.0 20.2
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23.0 24.3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 27.0 28.1 31.0 32.1 35.5 39.9
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39.1 40.1 45.0 47.9 50.9 52.0 54.9 55.8 58.9 58.7 63.5 65.4 69.7 72.6 74.9 79.0 79.9 83.8
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
16

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85.5 87.6 88.9 91.2 92.9 95.9 – 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3

9701/22/F/M/23
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.8 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.6 204.4 207.2 209.0 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
138.9 140.1 140.9 144.4 – 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.1 175.0
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232.0 231.0 238.0 – – – – – – – – – – –

Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge