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Abstract - Reinforced concrete (RC) columns are critical owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio, resistance to
structural elements whose performance under compressive corrosion, excellent durability and ease of application.
loading is of importance. This experimental study investigates Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is particularly
the compressive behaviour of circular and square RC columns suitable for flexural and axial strengthening of RC columns
wrapped with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) because of its high elastic modulus and ultimate tensile
composites. CFRP wrapping is an effective retrofitting strength.
technique that enhances the strength and ductility of concrete
columns. A total of 12 columns, with 6 circular and 6 squares 1.1 Fibre-Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
in cross-section, were tested under axial compression. For each
shape, 3 columns were wrapped with CFRP, while 3 were left Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have an
unwrapped as control specimens. important application in providing confinement to reinforced
The objectives were to evaluate the influence of cross-sectional concrete (RC) columns, enhancing their load-carrying. This
geometry and CFRP confinement on the load-carrying strengthening method is based on the phenomenon that the
capacity, failure modes. Previous research has indicated that axial compressive strength and ultimate axial compressive
circular columns exhibit higher confinement effectiveness strain of concrete can be significantly increased through
compared to square columns due to the continuous curvature lateral confinement.
providing more uniform confining stresses. The experimental Externally bonding CFRP composites onto the surface of
results were critically analysed and compared with findings existing RC columns through wet layup or precured laminates
from relevant literature to validate this observation. provides supplemental strength and stiffness. The CFRP
Additionally, the CFRP confinement method was compared to confines the inner concrete core and enhances its
other retrofitting techniques, such as steel jacketing in terms compressive capacity. It also provides additional shear
of ease of application, cost-effectiveness, and resistance. Moreover, the reinforcement continues to
performance enhancement. function even after concrete crushing. Many previous studies
have experimentally demonstrated that CFRP wrapping
Key Words: Carbon Fibre Wrapping, Column, Experimental significantly increases the load carrying capacity of RC
columns under axial, flexural and seismic loads. However,
Testing, Reinforced Cement Concrete, Feasibility Study
optimization of parameters like the CFRP stiffness, thickness,
orientation and layout is critical to maximize the
1.INTRODUCTION strengthening efficiency. Various techniques have been
employed to achieve confinement of columns using FRP
Structural retrofitting refers to the addition and upgrade of composites. The most common method is in-situ FRP
structural components in existing buildings, bridges and wrapping, where unidirectional fiber sheets or woven fabric
infrastructure to make them safer, stronger and more sheets are impregnated with polymeric resins and wrapped
resistant to forces. It enhances the load carrying capacity, around columns in a wet lay-up process, with the main fibers
stability, ductility, and service life of structures. oriented in the hoop direction. Additionally, filament winding
and prefabricated FRP jackets have also been utilized.
Conventional techniques for strengthening RC columns like
concrete or steel jacketing have several drawbacks. Addition This project aims to investigate structural retrofitting of
of concrete jackets increases the column size and self-weight RC columns using externally bonded CFRP composites. The
significantly. It also requires temporary formwork support effectiveness of CFRP retrofitting will be studied through
and longer construction time.Fiber-reinforced polymer experimental modeling of CFRP wrapped columns.
(FRP) composites have emerged as an advantageous
strengthening material in civil engineering applications
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 03 | Mar 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
When an FRP-confined RC column is subject to axial 1.) Total 12 columns of reinforced concrete design
compression, the concrete expands laterally and this were built to be tested on Universal Testing Machine (UTM).
expansion is confined by the FRP. For circular columns, the The columns were casted by using steel rebars (6mm and
concrete is subject to uniform confinement. 8mm) and M20 grade of concrete for which 3 cubes of
It has been well established that CFRP confinement is 150x150x150mm were tested again on UTM. 6 of the
much less effective for square columns than for circular columns cast in lab were square of size 150x150x700mm
columns, even with the rounding of corners. This is because and 6 were circular columns of size 150x160x700mm. Out
in the former, the confining pressure is non-uniformly the 6 square and circular columns, 3 of the columns were
distributed and only part of the concrete core is effectively unwrapped while the remaining 3 were wrapped with CFRP
confined. Failure generally occurs at the corners by FRP of 400 microns single layer by using epoxy adhesive. The
tensile rupture. The stress–strain curves are more likely to reinforcement for square and circular column were 12mm
feature a descending branch, but in such cases FRP bars of main reinforcement and 8 mm bars for shear
confinement normally provides little strength enhancement. reinforcement with appropriate cover.
The effectiveness of confinement increases as the amount of
FRP or the corner radius increases, and as the aspect ratio of
the section reduces.
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 03 | Mar 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 3
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 03 | Mar 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION On average, the axial stress for unwrapped square column is
12.75 Mpa while for wrapped square column is 17.78 Mpa.
1.) The testing was done after 28 days which gave the Also, for unwrapped circular column, the axial stress is 8.37
following results:- Mpa and for wrapped circular column it is 16.23 Mpa.
Column Specimen 2.) The above results show on average an increase for
Axial Stress (Mpa) circular and square columns as 93% and 34%. The highest
SU1 13.73 increase seen easily for the circular columns compared to
SU2 12.53 square columns as the confining is less effective for square
SU3 columns due to sharp edges.
12
For comparison two research paper were chosen. Among
SW1 18.22 one done by Riad (2013) shows an increase for circular and
SW2 16.4 square sections were 69% and 22% respectively for
SW3 specimens of similar nature.
16.93
While, for the research paper done by Wang (2010), it shows
CU1 8.32 for a similar size specimen with similar reinforcement
CU2 7.9 structure and increase of 100% times for circular columns
CU3 while an increase of 18% for square columns.
8.9
CW1 15.78 3.)
CW2 16.29
CW3 16.64 REFERENCES
Table-4: Test Results [1] D. Kornack and P. Rakic, “Cell Proliferation without
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Here, the first alphabet refers to the cross-section of the doi:10.1126/science.1065467.
specimen, the second alphabet refers to whether the column [2] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley,
is wrapped or unwrapped (U for unwrapped and W for CA: University Science, 1989.
wrapped), the end number refers to the specimen number. [3] R. Nicole, “Title of paper with only first word
The second columns has the axial stress for each specimen in capitalized,” J. Name Stand. Abbrev., in press.
Mega-Pascal (Mpa). Total 12 columns were tested for only [4] K. Elissa, “Title of paper if known,” unpublished.
axial compression to plot specimen vs axial stress chart.
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 4