VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi,Karnataka -590 018.

An Internship Report on

“Accident Detection sing IOT”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
by

Abhishek P USN:4JN20EC002
Under the Guidance of
Mr. Abhijith N M.Tech.
Assistant Professor,
Dept. of ECE,
JNNCE-577 204.

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

JNN College of Engineering, Shimoga - 577 204.
Internship Carried out in
AIROBOSOFT Product And Services LLP
BENGALURU, Karnataka-560024
May 2024
 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Jnana Sangama, Belagavi-590 018.
JNN College of Engineering
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Shimoga-577 204.

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the internship entitled “Accident Detection sing IOT”
is carried out at AIROBOSOFT Product And Services LLP ,BENGALURU.,
submitted by Abhishek P (4JN20EC002) , the bonafide student of JNN College of
Engineering, Shimoga in partial fulfillment for the award of “Bachelor of Engineering”
in department of “Electronics and Communication Engineering” of the Visvesvaraya
Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2023-2024. It is certified that all the
corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated. The
internship report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect
of internship prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the Coordinator

Mr. Abhijith N Mrs. Shwetha B
Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor
Dept. of ECE, Dept. of ECE,
JNNCE, Shimoga. JNNCE, Shimoga.

Signature of the HOD

Dr. S.V. Sathyanarayana
Professor & HoD
Dept. of ECE, JNNCE, Shimoga.
External Viva
Name of the examiner Signature with date
1.

2.
 ABSTRACT

Nowadays, the deaths caused by road accidents in urban areas are increasing consider-
ably due to various factors. These Death rates can be considerably reduced by providing
medical assistance immediately. The major elements that delay the provision of medical
help are traffic congestion, lack of ambulance services, no network connectivity and neg-
ligence. To resolve these factors, an automated response system is required. Smartphone
with their in-built sensors are excellent platforms for building such automated systems.
Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back.
According to this project, when a vehicle meets with an accident, the Micro electro
mechanical system (MEMS) sensor will detect the signal and this signal will be analyzed
by Arduino. The Arduino sends the alert message through the GSM Module including
the location to police control room or a rescue team. So, the police can immediately
trace the location through the GPS Module, after receiving the information. Then after
confirming the location necessary action will be taken. The aim of this work is to auto-
matically detect an accident and alert the nearest hospital or medical services about the
exact location of the accident and will help to decrease the action time and thus reduce
the death tolls.

Keywords: Micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensor,Arduino,GSM Module,GPS

Module;

i
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible whose con-
stant guidance and encouragement crowned the efforts with success.

I thank to Dr. Y. Vijaya Kumar, Principal, JNNCE, Shivamogga for giving facil-
ities to undertake internship work.

I thank to Dr. Manjunatha P, Dean Academics, JNNCE, Shivamogga for giving

facilities to undertake internship work.

I would wish to express my gratitude to Dr. S.V Sathyanarayana , Head of De-

partment , Electronics and Communication Engineering for providing the good working
environment and for his constant support and encouragement.

It gives me great pleasure in placing on record a deep sense of gratitude to our guide
Mrs. Shwetha B, Assistant Professor and to our internship coordinator, Mr. Abhijith
N, Assistant Professor , Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for
their expert guidance, initiative and encouragement that led me through the presentation.

I also thank AIROBOSOFT Product And Services LLP ,BENGALURU and

my guide Mr. Syed Asim Ahmed for providing me an opportunity to work in the
company and complete the internship program.

And lastly, I would hereby acknowledge and thank my parents who have been a source
of inspiration and also instrumental in the successful completion of internship. Thank
you All,

Likhithkumar S 4JN20EC043

ii
 COMPANY PROFILE

AIROBOSOFT Product And Services LLP is an Indian based engineering

and Electronics Company headquartered in Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
It is both product and service oriented software company having its prod-
ucts in wireless communication Technology and provides quality service
to its valuable clients in its domain.

The company was legally registered in the year 2013, but it made its
humble beginning in the year 2012 with a team of six members. In the
beginning the team started designing some protocols for wireless commu-
nication.

The company handled various projects and successfully completed them

satisfying the client requirement. After the successful completion of the
project and achieving customer satisfaction the number of clients increased
who sincerely served with respect and faith.

That is how the company started generating the revenue. Even though
the team members were experts in embedded electronics, Java, Dot net
and android, the company simultaneously established itself to develop
websites and few latest apps based on the client requirement.

Presently the company have around 25 employees including all the de-
partments like Embedded, Java, Dot net, android, Testing, PCB design,
IOT and so on. The company is working with many Industrial projects in
different domains and working for its own products.

iii
Contents

Abstract i

Acknowledgements ii

Company Profile iii

List of Figures vi

List of Tables vii

1 Introduction 1
1.1 General Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 General Trends about the Topic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.6 Scope of the Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.7 Organisation of the report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2 Theoretical Background 6
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2 Literature Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4 Conjectural Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.5 Project Development Stages : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

3 Block Diagram and components 10

3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.2 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3 Working: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.4 Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

4 Hardware and Software Description 12

4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.2 Accelerometer ADXL335: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

iv
 4.3 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.4 GSM module sim800c: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.5 GPS module neo6m: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.6 LEDs: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.7 Arduino Mega 2560: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.8 Arduino IDE: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

5 Results and Outcomes 16

5.1 Results obtained . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

6 Conclusion and Future Scope 17

6.1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
6.2 Future Scopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

References 18

v
List of Figures

3.1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

vi
List of Tables

3.1 Components table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

vii
 Chapter 1

Introduction

Every year in India around 1214 road accidents occur and about 377 casualties happen
every day. Maximum of the accidents result in deaths as ambulance is not called imme-
diately and as people do not inform the ambulance to avoid police interrogation. The
accident might occur at an isolated location where people are not present to report the
accident. Recent technologies in vehicles have inbuilt hardware modules to spot and
report accidents. Such systems are expensive and non-portable

1.1 General Information

Smart Accident Detection System Using GPS and GSM which will identify the accident
with the help of sensors in the Smartphone. Since many Smartphone have the basic
required sensors and good computing power, they could be employed to detect accidents
and request response. As compared to hardware add-ons, Smartphone are portable - we
could carry them in any vehicle we are driving or even travelling in. The way we would
use their sensors will make this system inexpensive and lifesaving.
At its core, the system utilizes water level sensors and flow sensors to accurately
measure water levels and flow rates. These sensors play a pivotal role in detecting any
fluctuations in water levels, allowing the system to promptly transmit this information
wirelessly to a central monitoring unit. Through intuitive visual indicators such as LEDs
and auditory alerts like buzzers, users are promptly notified of any deviations from desired
water levels, empowering them to take timely action to prevent potential issues.
The processes to detect accidents could be updated easily and has more scope for
forthcoming enhancements. As we are using Smartphone for communication we could
use multiple ways of communicating with server, i.e. if the internet connectivity is not
available the SMS could be used to converse with the server for help. This paper proposes
a system that can eliminate the need for an operator. When the vehicle is in an accident
it communicates directly with emergency services and family members giving the severity
of the accident, GPS location, and the car ID.

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 1. Introduction

1.2 Problem Statement

The development in the field of automobiles is highly increasing and which leads to the
accidents and so many hazards due to traffic. People’s lives are under high risk. This
situation prevails, just because there is a lack of emergency facilities in our country.
In our country, many people loose their life with accidents. Because of causalities or
someone has to actively seek help such as calling 108 for emergency services. There is
no automatic notification to the police, ambulance, friends, or family that is improper
communication to rescue team. We are in the process of solving this issue by proposing
an efficient solution and to reduce the loss of lives as much as possible.

1.3 Objectives
ˆ The main objective of the project is to find the accident spot at any place and
intimating it to ambulance through the GPS and GSM network.

ˆ This work aimed at designing efficient transmission model for sharing accident
(collision) information to the gateway (remote user).

ˆ To detect the vehicle accident and transmit the location of the accident to rescue
team and police center, so will get the exact location by the geographical coordi-
nates transmitted via message with the help of map.

1.4 Methodology
ˆ Requirement Analysis: Begin by identifying the specific requirements and ob-
jectives of the project. This includes determining the desired functionality of the
system, such as the range of water levels to be monitored, the frequency of data
transmission, and the methods for controlling water flow.

ˆ Component Selection: Choose appropriate components for the system based

on the identified requirements. This includes selecting microcontrollers, wireless
transceivers, water level sensors, flow sensors, LEDs, buzzers, and power supplies
that are compatible with the project’s goals and budget constraints.

ˆ System Design: Design the overall architecture of the system, including the
physical layout of components, the communication protocols between devices, and

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 1. Introduction

the user interface for monitoring and controlling water levels. This may involve
creating circuit diagrams, flowcharts, and software architecture diagrams to guide
the development process.

ˆ Prototype Development: Build a prototype of the system using the selected

components and following the designed architecture. This involves connecting sen-
sors to the microcontroller, programming the microcontroller to read sensor data
and communicate wirelessly, and integrating feedback mechanisms such as LEDs
and buzzers for user notification. management, enabling historical data tracking
and trend analysis.

ˆ Testing and Optimization: Conduct rigorous testing of the prototype to en-

sure that it functions as intended under various conditions. This includes testing
the accuracy of sensor readings, the reliability of wireless communication, and the
responsiveness of control mechanisms. Iterate on the design and make necessary
optimizations to improve performance and reliability.

ˆ Documentation and Maintenance: Document the design, development, and

testing processes to provide a comprehensive reference for future iterations or trou-
bleshooting. Additionally, establish a maintenance plan to address any issues that
may arise post-deployment and to support potential future enhancements or up-
grades to the system.

1.5 General Trends about the Topic

ˆ Integration with Smart Vehicles: IoT-based accident detection systems are
increasingly being integrated with smart vehicles. These systems utilize vehicle
sensors, GPS, and communication modules to detect accidents and notify emer-
gency services automatically.

ˆ Real-Time Monitoring: There’s a growing emphasis on real-time monitoring of

road conditions and vehicle behavior to detect accidents promptly. This involves
the use of sensors deployed along roadsides or within vehicles to gather data con-
tinuously.

ˆ Predictive Analytics: Some systems leverage predictive analytics algorithms to

anticipate potential accidents based on factors such as road conditions, weather,

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 1. Introduction

vehicle speed, and driver behavior. This proactive approach enables preemptive
measures to be taken to prevent accidents.

ˆ Multimodal Sensor Fusion: Rather than relying solely on one type of sensor,
modern accident detection systems employ multimodal sensor fusion, combining
data from various sensors such as cameras, accelerometers, LiDAR, and radar to
improve accuracy and reliability.

ˆ Machine Learning and AI: Machine learning and AI techniques are increas-
ingly being applied to IoT-based accident detection systems to improve accuracy in
identifying and predicting accidents. These algorithms learn from historical data
to better recognize patterns and anomalies associated with accidents.

ˆ Integration with Smart Cities: As cities become more interconnected and

smart, there’s a trend towards integrating accident detection systems with broader
smart city initiatives. This integration enables seamless data sharing between var-
ious urban infrastructure components, improving overall safety and efficiency.

1.6 Scope of the Project

An IoT-based Accident Detection project encompasses various components including
hardware implementation, data acquisition, accident detection algorithms, communica-
tion systems, user interfaces, integration with existing infrastructure, testing, and regu-
latory compliance.
The project aims to enhance road safety by leveraging sensors, data processing tech-
niques, and real-time communication to detect accidents promptly and notify relevant
parties for timely response. Key aspects include selecting and deploying appropriate
sensors, developing algorithms for anomaly detection and predictive analytics, designing
communication protocols, creating user interfaces for interaction and visualization, in-
tegrating with existing transportation infrastructure, conducting thorough testing, and
ensuring compliance with regulatory standards. The scope of the project may vary
depending on the application scenario and stakeholders’ requirements, but these com-
ponents provide a comprehensive overview of the key aspects involved in developing an
IoT-based Accident Detection system.

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 1. Introduction

1.7 Organisation of the report

The report is organized into six chapters.
The chapter 1 includes the introduction about the project with objectives and method-
ology.
The chapter 2 contains the theoretical information about the components and their as-
sembly with IEEE Papers. It also includes brief explanation about the developmental
stages of project.
The chapter 3 includes implementation and design of the project and a brief explanation
about circuit diagram and the components used in the project.
The chapter 4 contains the brief introduction of the hardware components used in this
project and the software platforms used for this project.
The chapter 5 includes results and outcome of the project.
Lastly chapter 6 contains the Conclusion and Future scope of the project.

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 Chapter 2

Theoretical Background

2.1 Introduction
IoT-based Accident Detection project encompasses knowledge from multiple domains in-
cluding sensor technology, signal processing, machine learning, communication systems,
transportation engineering, and human factors. This interdisciplinary approach is cru-
cial for developing a comprehensive system that effectively detects accidents, facilitates
timely response, and enhances road safety. Key aspects include understanding sensor
characteristics, signal processing techniques, machine learning algorithms, communica-
tion protocols, transportation infrastructure, regulatory standards, and human-machine
interaction principles. By integrating these theoretical foundations, the project aims to
create an intelligent system capable of accurately detecting accidents, notifying relevant
stakeholders, and mitigating the impact of road incidents.

2.2 Literature Survey

[1] Khan, A., Pohl, M., Bosse, S., Hart, S.W. and Turowski, K., 2017, April.
A holistic view of the IoT process from sensors to the business value. In
International Conference on Internet of Things, Big Data and Security (Vol.
2, pp. 392-399). SCITEPRESS.

ˆ The paper provides a holistic view of the IoT process, spanning from sensor de-
ployment to the creation of business value. It explores the various stages involved,
including sensor selection, data collection, transmission, storage, analysis, and
decision-making.

ˆ Emphasis is placed on the integration of IoT technologies into existing business

processes and workflows, highlighting the potential for improved efficiency, produc-
tivity, and innovation.

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 2. Theoretical Background

ˆ Key topics covered include sensor technology, data management, connectivity op-
tions, analytics techniques, and the impact of IoT on business models and strategies.

ˆ By understanding the end-to-end IoT process and its alignment with organiza-
tional objectives, businesses can harness the full potential of IoT to drive growth,
competitiveness, and value creation.

[2] John, A. and Nishanth, P.R., 2017, April. Real time embedded system
for accident prevention. In 2017 International conference of Electronics, Com-
munication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA) (Vol. 2, pp. 645-648). IEEE.

ˆ It likely discusses the architecture, hardware components, and software modules

of the system, emphasizing its ability to monitor relevant parameters like vehicle
speed, proximity to obstacles, driver behavior, and environmental conditions.

ˆ Key aspects covered likely include the sensing and data acquisition process, accident
detection algorithms, real-time decision-making, intervention strategies, system val-
idation, performance evaluation, and potential applications.

ˆ The paper likely offers insights into how such embedded systems can contribute to
enhancing road safety through proactive accident prevention measures, showcasing
its effectiveness through testing and validation methodologies.

ˆ Overall, the paper contributes to the understanding of embedded systems’ role in

accident prevention and highlights avenues for further research and application in
this domain.

[3] Shaik, A., Bowen, N., Bole, J., Kunzi, G., Bruce, D., Abdelgawad, A.
and Yelamarthi, K., 2018, December. Smart car: An IoT based accident de-
tection system. In 2018 IEEE global conference on internet of things (GCIoT)
(pp. 1-5). IEEE.

ˆ The paper introduces a novel IoT-based accident detection system designed for
smart cars. It likely discusses the architecture, components, and functionality of
the system. The system is likely to incorporate various sensors capable of detecting
parameters indicative of accidents

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 2. Theoretical Background

ˆ The paper discusses the testing and validation processes used to assess the system’s
performance and reliability.

ˆ This include simulation studies, controlled experiments, or real-world field trials to

evaluate the system’s effectiveness in accurately detecting accidents and minimizing
false alarms.

ˆ Integration with existing smart car systems is also likely explored, allowing the ac-
cident detection system to interact with the vehicle’s onboard systems and provide
feedback to the driver.

2.3 Summary
The literature survey on ACCIDENT DETECTION using IoT provides a comprehensive
overview of research and developments in this field. It starts by introducing IoT tech-
nology and its potential applications in accident prevention. The survey then delves into
various aspects, including sensor technologies, accident detection algorithms, communi-
cation protocols, integration with smart vehicles and infrastructure, privacy and security
considerations, case studies, and future directions.Sensor technologies, such as accelerom-
eters, GPS modules, cameras, and LiDAR, are discussed in terms of their capabilities and
limitations for accident detection. Different algorithms, including rule-based approaches
and machine learning techniques, are explored for their effectiveness in analyzing sensor
data and identifying accident patterns.
Communication protocols and network architectures play a crucial role in enabling
data transmission between IoT devices, vehicles, and infrastructure components. The
survey covers various protocols and wireless technologies used for communication, as
well as edge and fog computing architectures for data processing.Overall, the literature
survey provides valuable insights into the state-of-the-art in ACCIDENT DETECTION
using IoT, helping researchers and practitioners understand current trends, identify areas
for further research, and guide future developments in this important area of study.

2.4 Conjectural Support

A project focused on ACCIDENT DETECTION using IoT holds conjectural support
from various factors indicating its potential benefits, feasibility, and relevance. These

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 2. Theoretical Background

factors include the enhancement of safety by enabling real-time monitoring and inter-
vention, improvement of efficiency through automation and data-driven decision-making,
cost savings from minimizing accident-related expenses, compliance with regulatory man-
dates, advancements in IoT technology, market demand for innovative safety solutions,
positive public perception of road safety initiatives, and opportunities for collaboration
with stakeholders. Together, these conjectural supports underscore the significance of
implementing an IoT-based accident detection system to mitigate risks, enhance road
safety, and address evolving challenges in transportation and public safety.

2.5 Project Development Stages :

ˆ Choosing sensors

ˆ Integration of sensors with the microcontroller

ˆ Collecting sensor data

ˆ Sending the data to the mobile using IOT

ˆ observing the detection message on mobile.

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 Chapter 3

Block Diagram and components

3.1 Introduction
This project requires Arduino Mega, Accelerometer ADXL335, Ultrasonic Sensor HC-
SR04, GSM module sim800c, GPS module neo6m, and Power supply.

3.2 Block Diagram

Figure 3.1: Block diagram

System Overview:-
The proposed system uses the Arduino Mega microcontroller as a processing unit that
collects the data from ultrasonic and mems sensors and processes it. One GSM module
is connected with the Arduino board to send the message notification to a particular
contact number. Apart from all these we are using one GPS module to find the loca-
tion of the device during the accident. This device is also connected with the Arduino
mega board. 9-volt dc battery is used to provide power supply to the Arduino and GSM
modules individually. All these devices are working continuously without any manual
interference. Here’s how the individual components may work together:

Power Source:-
POWER SUPPLY: This is the primary power source for the entire system. A 12VDC
power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to a load.

3.3 Working:
When the vehicle encountered an accident. The vehicle will tilt with some axis. Since the
device is fitted inside the vehicle on any flat surface, it will also tilt with the vehicle during

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 3. Block Diagram and components

the accident. At the same point of time the proximity sensor will recognize the change
in the angular orientation of the axis, and it starts sending the data to the Arduino.
The Arduino will process the new axis changed during the accident and if it found any
changed in the original axis provided in the code then it will trigger the GSM and GPS
Module for further action.
It has a triple axis feature and was easy to mount in the vehicle.

ˆ The x-axis refers to a forward or backward acceleration in order to detect front or

rear end collision.

ˆ The y-axis reading detects an impact from either side of the car.

ˆ The z-axis reading is used to detect a collision from above or below.

3.4 Components

Serial No. Components

1 Microcontroller unit (Arduino Mega)
2 Accelerometer ADXL335
3 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04
4 GSM module sim800c
5 GPS module neo6m
6 Adaptor supply

Table 3.1: Components table

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 Chapter 4

Hardware and Software Description

4.1 Introduction
The hardware components used in this project play a critical role in the successful imple-
mentation and functionality Accident detection using IOT. These hardware components
include sensors, microcontrollers, actuators, power supply modules, and various electronic
components. Each component has specific functionalities and contributes to the overall
operation and performance of the system.

4.2 Accelerometer ADXL335:

Accelerometer module is based on the popular ADXL335 three-axis analog accelerometer
IC, which reads off the X, Y and Z acceleration as analog voltages. By measuring the
amount of acceleration due to gravity, an accelerometer can figure out the angle it is
tilted at with respect to the earth. By sensing the amount of dynamic acceleration, the
accelerometer can find out how fast and in what direction the device is moving. The
accelerometer is very easy interface to an Arduino Micro-controller using 3 analog input
pins, and can be used with most other micro controllers, such as the PIC or AVR.

4.3 Ultrasonic Sensor HC-SR04:

This is the HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance sensor. This economical sensor provides 2cm to
400cm of non-contact measurement functionality with a ranging accuracy that can reach
up to 3mm. Each HC-SR04 module includes an ultrasonic transmitter, a receiver and
a control circuit. There are only four pins that you need to worry about on the HC-
SR04: VCC (Power), Trig (Trigger), Echo (Receive), and GND (Ground). This sensor
has additional control circuitry that can prevent inconsistent ”bouncy” data depending
on the application.

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 4. Hardware and Software Description

Ultrasonic sensor module can detect existence of an object by sending ultrasound

signals and monitoring its reflection. It’s one of the most common techniques to detect
an obstacle in front of a robot. Another known usage is to measure the distance from an
object. Ultrasonic sensor provides the facility to detect an accident not only in various
street situations but also it might perform well under various natural conditions like
rains.

4.4 GSM module sim800c:

In this project we use the GSM Module for sending messages during accident. This
Module consists of a slot which is used for insert SIM and with commands of Arduino we
can designed it send alert messages during accidents. Mobile phones have keyboard to
send and receive SMS but a GSM modem doesn’t have a keypad and it displays and send
SMS at very low power consumptions. It just accepts certain commands through a serial
interface and acknowledges for those. These commands are called as AT commands.
There is a list of AT commands to instruct the modem to perform its functions. Every
command starts with ”AT”. That’s why they are called as AT commands. AT stands
for attention.

4.5 GPS module neo6m:

In this project we are using GPS module to track the location of the vehicle by via
satellite. A satellite navigation system that displays the location and time information
in all climate conditions. The GPS module which we are using in this project is NEO-6M
GPS module.NEO- 6M is a well-performing complete GPS receiver with a built-in 25 x
25 x 4mm ceramic antenna, which provides a strong satellite search capability. With the
power and signal indicators, you can monitor the status of the module. GPS module
sends the data related to tracking position in real time, and it sends so many data in
NMEA format. NMEA format consists several sentences, in which we only need one
sentence. This sentence starts from $GPGGA and contains the coordinates, time and
other useful information. This GPGGA is referred to Global Positioning System Fix
Data.

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 4. Hardware and Software Description

4.6 LEDs:
LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric
current passes through them. They work based on the principle of electroluminescence,
where electrons and holes recombine at the p-n junction of the LED, releasing energy
in the form of photons. This process occurs due to the bandgap in the semiconductor
material. LEDs are energy-efficient, converting electrical energy directly into light with
minimal heat generation. The specific materials used in an LED determine the color of
the emitted light, and LEDs can emit light across a wide range of wavelengths. LEDs
operate under forward bias conditions, where positive voltage is applied to the p-type
material and negative voltage to the n-type material, allowing current flow and light emis-
sion. LEDs require specific voltage and current levels for optimal operation and can be
controlled using external circuits for brightness control and color mixing. Overall, LEDs
offer advantages such as energy efficiency, long lifespan, and versatility in application

4.7 Arduino Mega 2560:

Arduino Mega 2560 is a Microcontroller board based on Atmega 2560. As compared to
UNO it comes with more memory space and I/O pins. It is most important part of the
project because it acts as an interface between GSM, GPS, interface and sensors and
with the help of jumping wires it enables the connection with Arduino. It is the brain or
backbone of our project. There are 54 digital I/O pins and 16 analog pins incorporated
on the board that make this device unique and stand out from others. This board comes
with USB cable port that is used to connect and transfer code from computer to the
board. DC power jack is coupled with the board that is used to power the board.

4.8 Arduino IDE:

The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a software tool specifically
designed for programming and deploying code to Arduino microcontroller boards. It
provides a user-friendly interface that simplifies the process of writing, compiling, and
uploading code to Arduino boards, making it accessible to beginners and experienced
developers alike. The IDE supports the Arduino programming language, which is based
on C and C++, and includes a vast library of pre-written code examples and libraries

Dept. of ECE, JNNCE, Shimoga May-2024 14

 4. Hardware and Software Description

that users can easily incorporate into their projects.

With its intuitive interface and extensive features, the Arduino IDE streamlines the
development workflow, allowing users to focus on implementing their ideas rather than
grappling with complex programming tasks. It offers built-in tools for code editing,
syntax highlighting, and error checking, as well as a serial monitor for debugging and
communication with Arduino boards. Additionally, the IDE seamlessly integrates with
Arduino boards via USB or serial connection, enabling quick and straightforward up-
loading of compiled code. Overall, the Arduino IDE serves as a powerful and versatile
tool for prototyping and developing electronics projects, empowering users to bring their
creative ideas to life with minimal barriers to entry.

Dept. of ECE, JNNCE, Shimoga May-2024 15

 Chapter 5

Results and Outcomes

5.1 Results obtained

ˆ If accident occurs, the acceleration due to the collision occurred iS sensed by the
ADXL335 Accelerometer and its x, y and z-axis ADC output pins are directly
connected to Arduino.

ˆ After receiving GPS signal, the latitude and longitude of the current position of
the vehicle is displayed, also the speed is displayed in knots.

ˆ When the accelerometer is shaken abnormally, i. e., in case of an accident when

there is an abrupt change of axis, SMS is sent to the mobile number mentioned in
the code and the latitude and longitude is also sent in the form of Google maps.

Dept. of ECE, JNNCE, Shimoga May-2024 16

 Chapter 6

Conclusion and Future Scope

6.1 Conclusions
The main objective of the proposed system is developed to design a smart vehicle sys-
tem using Arduino. Here a prototype of the smart vehicle is developed which can be
integrated to form an application for installing in smart vehicles in future. This system
will help people receive emergency services on time and will reduce the causes of road
accidents.

Since smart India is the new trend, every working system is being upgraded to an
automatic or smart system, then why not a smart vehicle system. The proposed system
is developed to provide the information about the accident occur and the location of
the accident. It helps to easily provide the assistant and help to the victim of the
accident. This system uses GPS module to locate the vehicle. GSM is used to provide
the information of accident. The results of the proposed systems are satisfactory.

6.2 Future Scopes

ˆ This can also be developed by interconnecting camera to controller module that
takes the photographs of the accident spot that makes the tracking easier.

ˆ They may include providing a network between proposed systems to create an

accident alert and vehicle tracking.

ˆ This system can be interfaced with vehicle airbag system that prevent vehicle oc-
cupant from striking interior objects such as the steering wheel or window.

Dept. of ECE, JNNCE, Shimoga May-2024 17

References

[1] A. Khan, M. Pohl, S. Bosse, S. W. Hart, and K. Turowski, “A holistic view of the iot
process from sensors to the business value,” in International Conference on Internet
of Things, Big Data and Security, vol. 2. SCITEPRESS, 2017, pp. 392–399.

[2] A. John and P. Nishanth, “Real time embedded system for accident prevention,” in
2017 International conference of Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Tech-
nology (ICECA), vol. 2. IEEE, 2017, pp. 645–648.

[3] A. Shaik, N. Bowen, J. Bole, G. Kunzi, D. Bruce, A. Abdelgawad, and K. Yelamarthi,

“Smart car: An iot based accident detection system,” in 2018 IEEE global conference
on internet of things (GCIoT). IEEE, 2018, pp. 1–5.

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