Classify the underlined words as parts of speech (word classes).

Be sure to mark subclasses where

necessary (determiners and pronouns).
I
a) The clown chased a dog (1) around the (2) ring and then fell (3) flat on her face.
b) The geese (4) indolently waddled across the intersection.
c) (5) Yikes! I'm late for class.
d) Bruno's (6) shabby (7) thesaurus tumbled out of the (8) book bag when the bus suddenly pulled out into traffic.
e) Mr. Frederick angrily (9) stamped out the fire that the local hooligans had started on his verandah.
f) (10) Later (11) that (12) summer, she asked herself, "What was (13) I thinking of?"
g) She thought that the twenty zucchini plants (14) would not (15) be enough so she planted (16) another ten.
h) (17) Although she gave hundreds of zucchini away, the enormous mound left over frightened her.
i) Everywhere she went, (18) she talked about the (19) prolific veggies.
j) The manager (20) confidently made his presentation to the board of directors.
k) Frankenstein (21) is the name of the scientist, (22) not the monster.
l) (23) Her greatest fear is that the world will (24) end (25) before she finds a comfortable pair (26) of panty-hose.
m) That suitcase is (27) hers.
n) (28) Everyone in the room cheered (29) when the announcement was made.
o) The sun was shining as we (30) set out for our first winter camping trip.
p) (31) Small children often insist (32) that they can do it by themselves.
q) (33) Dust covered every surface in the locked bedroom.
r) The census taker knocked (34) loudly on all the doors but (35) nobody was home.
s) They wondered if there truly was honour (36) among thieves.
t) Exciting new products (37) and effective marketing strategies will guarantee the (38) company's success.
u) Miles (39) quickly (40) climbed to the (41) very top of the tree to rescue (42) the (43) kitten.
v) Aisha is the (44) smartest (45) girl in (46) our class, and Sam (47) is the smartest boy.
w) The goalie (48) kicked the ball (49) forcefully to the other side of the (50) soccer (51) field.
x) Sometimes I (52) feel that the (53) whole (54) world is going crazy.

1 prep 2n 3 adv 4 adv 5 interj

6 adj 7n 8n 9v 10 adv
11 dem pron/det 12 n 13 pers pron 14 v 15 v
16 q det/indef pron 17 conj 18 pers pron 19 adj 20 adv
21 v 22 negator ‘not’ 23 poss pron 24 v 25 conj
26 prep 27 poss pron 28 indef pron 29 conj 30 v
31 adj 32 conj 33 n 34 adv 35 indef pron
36 prep 37 conj 38 n 39 adv 40 v
41 adj 42 det, art 43 n 44 adj 45 n
46 poss pron 47 v 48 v 49 adv 50 n
51 n 52 v 53 adj 54 n

II
a) Uzezi Abugo, a freshman at (1) the University of Pennsylvania (2) who hopes to become a lawyer, says she, (3) too, wants to be
home (4) with her children (5) at least (6) until they are in (7) school. (8) While the (9) changing attitudes are (10) difficult to
quantify, the shift emerges (11) repeatedly in interviews with Ivy League students, including 138 (12) freshman (13) and senior
females at Yale who replied to e-mail questions sent to members of two (14) residential colleges (15) over the (16) last school
year.

b) Medicine has a reputation (17) as a chauvinistic profession (18) led by powerful (19) male consultants with giant egos. (20) But it
is changing rapidly. (21) Over 60 per cent of new doctors are women and they (22) already dominate the (23) lower echelons of
the profession. In (24) less (25) than a decade, women doctors will (26) outnumber men, Professor (27) Black said in an interview
with The Independent.

1 det, art 2 rel pron 3 adv 4 prep 5 adv

6 conj 7n 8 conj 9 adj 10 adj
11 adv 12 adj 13 conj 14 adj 15 prep
16 adj 17 prep 18 v 19 adj 20 conj
21 prep 22 adv 23 adj 24 adv 25 prep
26 v 27 n

1
III
a) (1) Writing about Keta’s studio practice, Elizabeth Bigham explains that “portrait photographs have in fact involved many
authors.”
b) In Faure’s (2) writing, Olghe is desperate to convert to Christianity, but is paralyzed by fear in the face of the guardian sculpture.
c) After seven periods of service in Gabon from 1895 to 1927, Faure returned home with health problems, and the lay missionary
turned to (3) writing.
d) Almost from the beginning it has its peculiar temperament and quality, and if you happen to be (4) writing that novel you feel
that you must respect its law.
e) That writer, Jimmy what’shis-name, never told the family he was (5) writing a book, exploited them for profit, and humiliated
them by laying bare the difficult reality of their lives.
f) There was (6) writing on it from Duncan.
g) I’m no physicist, but it seemed to me Abe was (7) jumping to conclusions and (8) jumping with stilts on.
h) There was no one in the neighbor’s yard. Not a living soul, unless you counted the cat (9) jumping in and out of the bee’s balm.
i) (10) Jumping spiders have excellent vision and are good hunters that wait patiently until they can leap forward to capture prey.
j) He thought about (11) jumping, but they were too high.
k) The starting order is determined by finish in the (12) jumping competition.
l) Soon, like the surface of a pond disturbed by a (13) jumping fish, the ripples had subsided, and the world’s greatest hospital had
gone back to being the world’s greatest hospital.
m) Like many other writers and artists who flourished in the early decades of the 20th century, Edward Morgan Forster was
homosexual but confined his (14) published work to stories about what were then considered “normal” – which is to say
heterosexual – relationships.
n) To be a (15) published professional writer, to get your story out there, you must take charge and become your own marketing
guru. And with the personal essay, you’ve got a really good shot at getting (16) published.
o) The most stinging responses Rao and his colleagues received were accusations, even before the paper was (17) published, that
they were biased by nationalism.
1v 2n 3n 4v 5v
6n 7v 8v 9v 10 adj
11 n 12 n 13 adj 14 adj 15 adj
16 adj 17 v

IV
a) You should have told me (1) so (2) before.
b) She was dressed (3) as a police officer.
c) He bent (4) over to pick up a book.
d) I have seen (5) that film (6) before.
e) They accepted her (7) as an equal.
f) The year (8) before last he won a (9) gold medal.
g) (10) Those students who fail the exam will be executed.
h) This dress is (11) twice (12) as expensive as the other one.
i) Elizabeth, is (13) that you?
j) Spread a cloth (14) over the table.
k) I can’t walk (15) that far.
l) It was some time (16) before I realised the truth.
m) I can’t believe (17) that you did (18) that!
n) I watched her (19) as she combed her hair.
o) The letter (20) that came this morning was from (21) my father.
p) (22) After you get (23) what you want, you don’t want what you get.
q) (24) All God’s children got rhythm.
r) He left her soon (25) after.
s) He drives a (26) very (27) fast car.
t) C comes (28) after B in the alphabet.
u) (29) Wow, he drives really (30) fast!
v) I don’t know him (31) that (32) well.
w) (33) Why don’t you (34) reason with him?
x) I’m not feeling very (35) well.
y) (36) Why, Jane, it’s you!
z) The shop was closed (37) so I couldn’t get any milk.
aa) I’ve never seen him (38) so angry.
bb) Never mind the (39) wows, the (40) ohs and the (41) ahs, we have no time for that!

2
cc) The whole thing is a bit (42) iffy, (43) if you ask me.
dd) The book deals with the (44) ups and (45) downs of married life.
1 adv 2 adv 3 prep 4 adv 5 dem pron
6 adv 7 prep 8 prep 9n 10 dem pron
11 adv 12 adv 13 dem pron 14 prep 15 adv
16 conj 17 conj 18 dem pron 19 conj 20 rel pron
21 poss pron 22 conj 23 rel pron 24 det 25 adv
26 adv 27 adj 28 prep 29 interj 30 adv
31 adv 32 adv 33 adv 34 v 35 adj
36 interj 37 conj 38 adv 39 n 40 n
41 n 42 adj 43 conj 44 n 45 n

V
a) It is (1) no (2) good worrying any more tonight.
b) He is feeling (3) no better (4) today.
c) I am very (5) well, (6) thank you.
d) It can't hurt (7) that (8) much!
e) Cure (9) that (10) cold (11) with a drink of hot lemon (12) before you go to bed.
f) Drink it (13) quickly! Don't let it get (14) cold.
g) I phoned (15) her at (16) her place, but she was (17) out.
h) (18) Before the fire (19) there had been the plague, the (20) likes of (21) which had not been known (22) before nor (23) since.
i) (24) As a man of great (25) promise, he was admired by (26) all the students.
j) I am really (27) pleased. I was (28) afraid you might be more (29) like your sister. (30) Actually (31) that was what I feared (32)
most.
k) (33) What are you (34) doing?
l) Is it (35) right to say (36) that (37) right (38) wrongs no man?

1 det 2n 3 adv 4 adv 5 adj

6v 7 adv 8 adv 9 dem pron 10 n
11 prep 12 conj 13 adv 14 adj 15 pers pron
16 poss det 17 adv 18 prep 19 existential ‘there’ 20 n
21 rel pron 22 adv 23 adv 24 prep 25 n
26 det 27 adj 28 adj 29 prep 30 adv
31 dem pron 32 adv 33 inter pron 34 v 35 adj
36 conj 37 n 38 v

VI
My Philosophy by Woody Allen (Published in Getting Even, 1971)

The development of (1) my philosophy came (2) about (3) as follows: My wife, inviting me (4) to sample (5) her (6) very (7) first (8)
soufflé, accidentally dropped a (9) spoonful of it on my foot, (10) fracturing (11) several small bones. Doctors were called in, X-Rays
taken and examined, and I was ordered to bed (12) for a month. (13) During (14) this (15) convalescence, I turned to the works of (16)
some of (17) Western (18) society's (19) most (20) formidable thinkers – a (21) stack of books I (22) had (23) laid (24) aside (25) for
(26) such (27) an (28) eventuality. (29) Scorning (30) chronological order, I began with (31) Kierkegaard and Sartre, then moved
quickly to Spinoza, Hume, Kafka, and Camus. I was not bored, (32) as I had feared I might be; rather, I found myself fascinated by
the (33) alacrity with which these great minds (34) unflinchingly attacked morality, art, ethics, life and death. I remember my reaction
to a typically (35) luminous observation of Kierkegaard's: "Such a relation which relates itself to its own self (that is to say, a self)
must either have constituted itself or have been constituted by another." The (36) concept (37) brought tears (38) to my eyes. My
word, I thought, (39) how clever! (I'm a man who has trouble (40) writing two meaningful sentences on "My Day at the Zoo.") True,
the passage was totally (41) incomprehensible to me, but (42) what (43) of (44) it (45) as long as Kierkegaard was having fun?
Suddenly confident (46) that metaphysics was the work I had always been meant (47) to (48) do, I took up my pen and began (49) at
once to jot down the (50) first of my (51) own musings. The work proceeded (52) apace, and in a mere two afternoons – (53) with (54)
time out (55) for (56) dozing and trying to get the (57) two (58) little (59) BBs in to the eyes of the bear – I had completed the
philosophical work that I am hoping (60) will (61) not be (62) uncovered until (63) after my death, or until the year 3000 ( (64)
whichever comes first), and (65) which I modestly believe will assure (66) me a place of reverence (67) among (68) history's (69)
weightiest thinkers. Here is but a small sample of the main body of intellectual treasure that I leave for posterity, or until the (70)
cleaning woman comes.

1 poss pron 2 adv / prep 3 conj 4 infinitive ‘to’ 5 poss pron

6 adv 7 num 8n 9n 10 v
11 det q 12 prep 13 prep 14 dem pron 15 n
3
16 det q / dem det 17 adj 18 n 19 adv 20 adj
21 n 22 v 23 v 24 adv 25 prep
26 det 27 det, art 28 n 29 v 30 adj
31 n 32 conj 33 n 34 adv 35 adj
36 n 37 v 38 prep 39 adv 40 v
41 adj 42 inter pron 43 prep 44 pers pron 45 conj
46 conj 47 infinitive ‘to’ 48 v 49 adv 50 num
51 det 52 adv 53 prep 54 n 55 prep
56 n / v 57 num 58 adj 59 n 60 v
61 negator ‘not’ 62 v 63 prep 64 rel pron 65 rel pron
66 pers pron 67 prep 68 n 69 adj 70 adj

I. (1) Critique of (2) Pure (3) Dread

In (4) formulating (5) any philosophy, the (6) first consideration (7) must (8) always (9) be: (10) What (11) can (12) we (13) know?
(14) That is, what can we be (15) sure we know, (16) or sure (17) that we know we knew it, if (18) indeed it is (19) at all (20)
knowable. Or have we (21) simply forgotten it and are too embarrassed to say anything? (22) Descartes hinted at the problem when he
wrote, "My mind can (23) never know my body, although it (24) has become (25) quite (26) friendly with my legs." By "knowable,"
(27) incidentally, I (28) do (29) not mean (30) that (31) which can be (32) known by perception of the senses, or that which can be
grasped by the mind, but more that which can be said to be (33) Known or to possess (34) Knownness or (35) Knowability, or at least
something you can mention to a friend.
Can we actually "know" the universe? My God, (36) it (37) 's (38) hard (39) enough finding (40) your way (41) around in Chinatown.
The point, (42) however, is: Is (43) there (44) anything (45) out (46) there? And (47) why? And must they be so noisy? (48) Finally,
there can be (49) no doubt (50) that the one characteristic of "reality" is that it (51) lacks essence. That is (52) not (53) to (54) say it
has no essence, (55) but (56) merely lacks it. (The reality I speak (57) of (58) here is the same one (59) Hobbes (60) described, but
(61) a little (62) smaller.) (63) Therefore the (64) Cartesian dictum "I think, therefore I am" (65) might (66) be (67) better expressed
"Hey, there goes Edna with a saxaphone!" So, then, (68) to know a substance or an idea (69) we must doubt it, and thus, (70) doubting
it, come to perceive the qualities it possesses in (71) its (72) finite state, (73) which are truly "in the thing (74) itself," or "of the thing
itself," or of (75) something or (76) nothing. If (77) this is (78) clear, we can leave (79) epistemology (80) for the moment.

1n 2 adj 3n 4v 5 det q
6 num 7v 8 adv 9v 10 inter pron
11 v 12 pers pron 13 v 14 dem det/pron 15 adj
16 conj 17 conj 18 adv 19 adv 20 adj
21 adv 22 n 23 adv 24 v 25 adv
26 adj 27 adv 28 v 29 negator ‘not’ 30 dem det/pron
31 rel pron 32 v 33 n 34 n 35 n
36 dem det/pron 37 v 38 adj 39 adv 40 poss det/pron
41 adv 42 adv 43 adv 44 indef pron 45 adv
46 adv 47 adv 48 adv 49 det q 50 conj
51 v 52 negator ‘not’ 53 infinitive ‘to’ 54 v 55 conj
56 adv 57 adv particle 58 adv 59 n 60 v
61 adv 62 adj 63 adv 64 adj 65 v
66 v 67 adj 68 prep 69 pers pron 70 v
71 poss det/pron 72 adj 73 rel pron 74 refl pron 75 n
76 n 77 dem det/pron 78 adj 79 n 80 prep

II. (1) Eschatological (2) Dialectics as a Means of Coping with (3) Shingles
We can say (4) that the universe (5) consists (6) of a (7) substance, and (8) this substance (9) we (10) will call "atoms," or (11) else we
will call it "monads." (12) Democritus called it atoms. Leibniz called it monads. (13) Fortunately, the (14) two men (15) never met, or
(16) there (17) would (18) have (19) been a (20) very (21) dull argument. These "particles" (22) were set in (23) motion by (24) some
cause or (25) underlying principle, or (26) perhaps (27) something fell (28) someplace. The point is that it's (29) too late (30) to (31)
do (32) anything (33) about it now, (34) except possibly to eat plenty of (35) raw fish. This, of course, (36) does (37) not (38) explain
(39) why the soul is immortal. (40) Nor does it say anything about the (41) afterlife, or about the feeling (42) my (43) Uncle (44)
Sender (45) has (46) that (47) he (48) is (49) being (50) followed (51) by (52) Albanians. The causal relationship (53) between (54)
the (55) first principle (i.e., (56) God, or a strong wind) and (57) any (58) teleological (59) concept (60) of (61) being (Being) is, (62)
according to Pascal, "(63) so (64) ludicrous (65) that it's (66) not (67) even (68) funny ( (69) Funny )." Schopenhauer called this
"will," but his physician diagnosed it (70) has (71) hay (72) fever. In his (73) later years, he became (74) embittered by it, or (75) more
(76) likely (77) because of his (78) increasing suspicion that he was not (79) Mozart.

1 adj 2n 3n 4 conj 5v
6 prep 7n 8 dem det/pron 9 pers pron 10 v
4
11 adv 12 n 13 adv 14 num 15 adv
16 adv 17 v 18 v 19 v 20 adv
21 adj 22 v 23 n 24 indef det 25 adj
26 adv 27 indef pron 28 adv 29 adv 30 prep
31 v 32 indef pron 33 prep 34 conj 35 adj
36 v 37 negator ‘not’ 38 v 39 adv 40 conj
41 n 42 poss det/pron 43 n 44 n 45 v
46 conj 47 pers pron 48 v 49 v 50 adj
51 prep 52 n 53 prep 54 det, art 55 num
56 n 57 indef det 58 adj 59 n 60 prep
61 n/v 62 prep 63 adv 64 adj 65 conj
66 negator ‘not’ 67 adv 68 n/adj 69 n 70 prep (treba biti as)
71 n 72 n 73 adj 74 adj 75 adv
76 adv 77 prep 78 adj 79 n

III. The Cosmos on Five Dollars a Day

(1) What, (2) then, is "beautiful"? The merging of harmony (3) with (4) the (5) just, or the merging of harmony with something that
(6) just sounds like "the just"? Possibly harmony (7) should (8) have (9) been merged with "the crust" and this is what's been giving
(10) us (11) our (12) trouble. Truth, (13) to (14) be sure, is beauty – or "the necessary." That is, what is good or (15) possessing the
qualities of "the good" results in "truth." If it doesn't, you (16) can bet the thing is (17) not beautiful, (18) although it may still be (19)
waterproof. I am beginning to think I was right in the first place that (20) everything should be merged with the crust. Oh well.

1 inter pron 2 adv 3 prep 4 det, art 5n

6 adv 7v 8v 9v 10 pers pron
11 poss det/pron 12 n 13 infinitive ‘to’ 14 v 15 v
16 v 17 negator ‘not’ 18 conj 19 adj 20 indef pron

Two Parables
(1) A man approaches a palace. (2) Its (3) only entrance is guarded by (4) some fierce (5) Huns (6) who (7) will only let men (8)
named Julius enter. The man tries to (9) bribe the guards by (10) offering them a (11) year's supply of (12) choice chicken parts. They
(13) neither scorn (14) his offer (15) nor accept it, but (16) merely take his nose and twist it (17) till it looks (18) like a Molly screw.
The man says it is (19) imperative that he enter the palace (20) because he is (21) bringing the emperor a (22) change of underwear.
When the guards (23) still refuse, the man begins (24) to (25) Charleston. They seem to enjoy (26) his (27) dancing (28) but (29) soon
become (30) morose (31) over the treatment of the (32) Navajos by the (33) federal government. Out of breath, the man collapses. He
dies, (34) never (35) having (36) seen the emperor and owing the (37) Steinway people sixty dollars on a piano he had rented (38)
from (39) them in (40) August.
I am given a message (41) to deliver (42) to a general. I ride and ride, but the general's (43) headquarters seem to get (44) farther and
farther away. (45) Finally, a giant black panther leaps (46) upon me and devours my mind and heart. (47) This puts a (48) terrific (49)
crimp in my evening. No matter how hard I try, I cannot catch the general, (50) whom I see running in the distance in his shorts and
whispering the word "nutmeg" to his enemies.
1 det, art 2 poss det/pron 3 det q 4 adj 5n
6 rel pron 7v 8v 9v 10 v
11 n 12 adj 13 conj 14 poss det/pron 15 conj
16 adv 17 conj 18 prep 19 adj 20 conj
21 v 22 n 23 adv 24 infinitive ‘to’ 25 v
26 poss det 27 n 28 conj 29 adv 30 adj
31 prep 32 n 33 adj 34 adv 35 v
36 v 37 n 38 prep 39 pers pron 40 n
41 infinitive ‘to’ 42 prep 43 n 44 adj 45 adv
46 prep 47 dem det/pron 48 adj 49 n 50 rel pron

Aphorisms
(1) It (2) is (3) impossible (4) to experience (5) one's (6) own (7) death (8) objectively and (9) still carry a tune.
The universe is (10) merely a (11) fleeting idea in God's mind – a (12) pretty uncomfortable thought, particularly if you've (13) just
made a down payment on a house.
(14) Eternal (15) nothingness is O.K. (16) if you're dressed for it.
If only (17) Dionysus were (18) alive! (19) Where would he eat?
(20) Not only is (21) there (22) no God, but try (23) getting a plumber on (24) weekends.
1 empty ‘it’ 2v 3 adj 4 conj 5 poss det/pron
6 adj 7n 8 adv 9 adv 10 adv

5
11 adj 12 adv 13 adv 14 adj 15 n
16 conj 17 n 18 adj 19 adv 20 conj
21 existential ‘there’ 22 det 23 v 24 n