ANTIBIOTIC CLASSIFICATION INDICATION EXAMPLES SIDE EFFECTS

Metronidazole Topical Antibiotic Treatment for Flagyl Nausea, vomiting,

prophylaxis of Anerobizol diarrhea, taste
postoperative Dazomet disorder, furred
anerobic bacterial tongue,
infection, Acute eructation with
dental infections, bitter taste, and
and dysphagia
Trichomoniasis

Monobactams Bata-Lactams Treatment for Aztreonam Cough, nasal,

Pseudomonal lung congestion, fever,
infections in cystic wheezing
fibrosis,
Gonorrhoea, Bone
and Joint
infection, and UTI
Nitrofurantoin Antibiotic Treatment for Urontin Fever, chills,
prophylaxis of Macrodantin malaise, asthenia,
uncomplicated and anaphylaxis
urinary tract
infection

Oxazolidinones Antibiotic Treatment for Linezolid Diarrhea, nausea

Vancomycin- & vomiting,
resistant constipation,
Enterococcus metallic taste,
faecium infection headache,
and Complicated insomnia,
skin and skin constipation,
structure infection rashes, &
dizziness
Penicillin Beta-lactams Used to treat Amoxicillin diarrhea, nausea,
antibiotic Bacterial Ampicillin vomiting, rash,
meningitis, Acute Cloxacillin and allergic
cystitis, Lyme Dicloxacillin reactions
disease Amoclav
Polymixins Polypeptides Used to treat polymyxin B Nephrotoxicity
various bacterial polymyxin E (kidney damage),
infections, caused neurotoxicity
by multidrug- (dizziness,
resistant bacteria confusion, or
such as seizures)
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, and
Klebsiella
pneumoniae.
Quinolones Broad-spectrum Used to treat UTI, Ciprofloxacin Diarrhea, nausea,
antibiotic respiratory tract Levofloxacin vomiting,
infection, and Ofloxacin dyspepsia,
some skin Moxifloxacin constipation, and
infection Norfloxacin abdominal pain.
Streptogramins Antibiotic Treatment for Quinuspristin + Nausea, vomiting,
Complicated skin Dalfospristin diarrhea,
and skin structure headache
infection
Sulfonamides Antibiotic Treatment for Trimethoprim Nausea, vomiting,
Prophylaxis of diarrhea,
recurrent urinary headache,
tract infection hyponatremia
Tetracycline Broad-spectrum Treatment for UTI, Doxycycline nausea, vomiting,
antibiotic resp tract Tetracycline diarrhea, and
infections, GI Minocycline abdominal
infections, caused discomfort. Also,
by E. coli, E. tooth
aerogenes, discoloration
Shigella spp & (especially in
Acinetobacter children) and
spp. hepatotoxicity
Trimethoprim Antibiotic Treatment for Bactrim Diarrhea,
Acute otitis Septra vomiting, nausea,
media, and Proloprim headache, rash
Prophylaxis of
recurrent urinary
tract infection
Tyrocidine Antibiotic Treatment for Gramicidin allergic reactions
Ocular infection and neurotoxicity
and superficial
infection
Aminoglycosides Aminoglycosides Used to treat Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity
antibiotic Serious infections Tobramycin (kidney damage)
of the resp tract. Amikacin Ototoxicity
Infections of the Streptomycin Neuromuscular
bone & joints. blockade
Intra-abdominal
infections
including
peritonitis.
Carbacephem Beta-Lactams Treatment for Loracarbef Diarrhea, nausea,
Secondary vomiting,
bacterial infection abdominal pai,
of acute headache, skin
bronchitis, Skin rashes
and Soft tissue
 infections, and
Uncomplicated
UTI
Cephalosporins antibiotic Treat wide range Cephalexin cause allergic
of bacterial Ceftriaxone reactions ranging
infections that are Cefuroxime from mild rash to
effective against Cefixime severe, and life-
many gram- Cefpodoxime threatening
positive and anaphylaxis
gram-negative
bacteria, such as
UTI, meningitis,
and bone and
joint infection
Chloraphenicol Broad-spectrum Treat various Anpheclor Bone marrow
antibiotic bacterial Clovicol depression,
infections, Cluvatin aplastic anemia,
including typhoid hemolytic anemia,
fever, meningitis, hypersensitivity
bacterial reaction; GI
conjunctivitis, and
certain respiratory
tract infections.
Glycopeptides Antibiotic Treatment of Vancomycin hypotension,
staphylococcal Teicoplanin palpitations,
endocarditis. substernal
Prophylaxis pressure,
against tachycardia.
endocarditis in
patients at risk
from dental
or surgical
procedures
Glycylcyclines Antibiotic Treatment for Demecyocycline nausea, vomiting,
complicated skin Lymecycline diarrhea, and
and skin structure Metacycline abdominal pain,
infections, skin reactions,
complicated intra- such as rash or
abdominal itching
infections, and
community-
acquired bacterial
pneumonia.
Lincosamides Antibiotic Treat anaerobic Clindamycin Abdominal pain or
infection and ramps, nausea,
some vomiting,
staphylococcal diarrhea, allergic
 and streptococcal reaction and
infection. urticaria
Ketolides Antibiotic Treatment for Telithromycin Diarrhea, nausea,
community- vomiting,
acquired abdominal pain,
pneumonia flatulence,
dizziness,
headache, vertigo
and insomnia
Macrolides Antibiotic Treatment for Azithromycin nausea, vomiting,
respiratory tract Clarithromycin diarrhea, and
infection, skin and Erythromycin abdominal pain.
soft tissue
infection