Mathematics

ALLEN
Expansions

"You must have seen in

quizzes that sometimes due
to wrong answer, a team gets
negative marks and their
score reduces. This can be
understood by knowing the
operations on integers"

4.1 Expansion of (a ± b)2

(1) (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2. (2) (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2.
2
æ 1ö 2 1
(3) (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2. (4) ç a + ÷ = a + 2 + 2
è aø a

2
æ 1ö 2 1 æ 1 öæ 1ö 2 1
(5) ç a - ÷ = a + 2 - 2 (6) ç a + ÷ ç a - ÷ = a - 2
è aø a è a øè aø a

BUILDING CONCEPTS 4.1

Expand the following :
2 2
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
(i) (2x + 5y)2 (ii) (3x – y)2 (iii) ç 2x + ÷ (iv) ç x - ÷
è 2x ø è 3x ø
Explanation
(i) (2x + 5y)2 = (2x)2 + 2·(2x)·(5y) + (5y)2
= 4x2 + 20xy + 25y2
(ii) (3x – y) = (3x)2 – 2·(3x)·y + y2
2

= 9x2 – 6xy + y2.

node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

2 2
æ 1 ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
(iii) ç 2x + ÷ = (2x)2 + 2 × (2x) × ç ÷ + ç ÷
è 2x ø è 2x ø è 2x ø

1
= 4x2 + 2 +
4x2

2 2
æ 1 ö 2 æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
(iv) ç x - ÷ = x -2× x ×ç ÷+ç ÷
è 3x ø è 3x ø è 3x ø

2 1
= x2 – + 2
3 9x

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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.1

1 1 1
If x + = 3, find x2 + 2 and x4 + 4
x x x
Solution
We know, a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab.
2
1 æ 1ö 1
\ x2 + = çx + ÷ – 2 · x · = 32 – 2 = 7.
x 2
è xø x

2
1
æ 2 1 ö 1
Again, x + 4 = ç x + 2 ÷ – 2 · x2 · 2 = 72 – 2 = 47.
4

x è x ø x

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.2

1 1
If a - = 2 , find a2 + 2 .
a a
Solution
We know, a2 + b2 = (a – b)2 + 2ab
2
1 æ 1ö 1
\ a2 + 2
= ç a - ÷ + 2 × a × =22 + 2 = 6.
a è a ø a

4.2 Expansion of (a ± b ± c)2

(a + b + c)2 = {a + (b + c)}2 = a2 + 2a(b + c) + (b + c)2
THE
SPOT P = a2 + 2ab + 2ac + b2 + 2bc + + c2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
= sum of squares of a, b, c + 2 {sum of the products of a, b, c taking two
LIGHT at a time.}
Equations are true for certain values \ (a – b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ac – ab – bc).
of variables contained, but identities Similarly for (a – b – c)2, etc.
are true for all values of the contained
variable. BUILDING CONCEPTS 4.2
Expand the following
2
æ 1 ö
(i) (2a + b + 3c)2 (ii) (x – y – z)2 (iii) ç x - + x2 ÷
è 2x ø
Explanation
(i) (2a + b + 3c)2 = (2a)2 + b2 + (3c)2 + 2{2a·b + b·3c· + 3c.2a}
= 4a2 + b2 + 9c2 + 4ab + 6bc + 12ca
(ii) (x – y – z)2 = x2 + (–y)2 + (–z)2 + 2{x(–y) + (–y)(–z) + (–z)x}
= x2 + y2 + z2 – 2xy + 2yz – 2zx.
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

æ 1 ö
(iii) ç x - + x2 ÷
è 2x ø
2
æ 1 ö 2 2 ì æ 1 ö æ 1 ö 2 2 ü
= x2 + ç - ÷ + (x ) + 2 í x × ç - 2x ÷ + ç - 2x ÷ x + x × x ý
è 2x ø î è ø è ø þ

1 ì 1 1 ü
= x2 + + x 4 + 2 í- - x + x3 ý
2
4x î 2 2 þ

1
= x2 + 2
+ x 4 - 1 - x + 2x 3
4x

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ALLEN
NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.3
If a + b + c = 8 and ab + bc + ca = 18, find the value of a2 + b2 + c2.
Solution
We know that a2 + b2 + c2 = (a + b + c)2 – 2(ab + bc + ca).
\ a2 + b2 + c2 = 82 – 2 × 18 = 64 – 36 = 28.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.4

If x + y – z = 5 and x2 + y2 + z2 = 29, find the value of xy – yz – zx.
Solution

1
We know that ab + bc + ca = [(a + b + c)2 – (a2 + b2 + c2)].
2

1
\ xy + y(–z) + (–z)x = [(x + y – z)2 – {x2 + y2 + (–z)2}]
2

1 2
or xy – yz – zx = [5 – (x2 + y2 + z2)]
2

1 1
= [25 – 29] = (–4) = –2
2 2
4.3 Expansion of (x ± a) (x ± b)
THE
(x + a)(x + b) = x(x + b) + a(x + b)
= x2 + xb + ax + ab = x2 + (b + a)x + ab. SPOT P
(x – a)(x – b) = x(x – b) –a(x – b) LIGHT
= x2 – xb – ax + ab = x2 – (b + a)x + ab. The factors of an expression like
(x + a) (x – b) = x(x – b) + a(x – b) (x1024 – 1) = (x – 1) (x + 1) (x2 + 1)
(x4 + 1) (x8 + 1) (x16 + 1) (x32 + 1)
= x2 – xb + ax – ab = x2 + (a – b)x – ab. (x64 + 1) (x128 + 1) (x256 + 1) (x512 + 1)
(x – a) (x + b) = x(x + b) – a(x + b)
= x2 + xb – ax – ab = x2 – (a – b)x – ab.

BUILDING CONCEPTS 4.3

Find the product in each of the following using standard formula.
(i) (x + 1)(x + 3) (ii) (a – 3)(a – 5) (iii) (2x – 5)(2x + 3)
Explanation
We know, (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab.
\ (i) (x + 1)(x + 3) = x2 + (1 + 3)x + 1.3 = x2 + 4x + 3.
\ (ii) (a – 3)(a – 5) = a2 + (–3 – 5)a + (–3)(–5) = a2 – 8a + 15.
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

\ (iii)(2x – 5)(2x + 3) = (2x)2 + (–5 + 3)·(2x) + (–5)·3 = 4x2 – 4x – 15.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.5

Find the product : (2x + y – 3)(2x + y + 2)
Solution
Product = {(2x + y) – 3}{(2x + y) + 2}.
Let 2x + y = a. Then,
product = (a – 3)(a + 2) = a2 + (–3 + 2)a + (–3)·2
= a2 – a – 6 = (2x + y)2 – (2x + y) – 6
= (2x)2 + 2(2x)y + y2 – 2x – y – 6
= 4x2 + 4xy + y2 – 2x – y – 6

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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.6
What should be added to each of the following polynomials so that they
become perfect squares ?
(i) 4x2 + 8x (ii) 9x2 – 4x
Solution
(i) 4x2 + 8x = (2x)2 + 2(2x)2
= (2x)2 + 2(2x)2 + 22 – 22 = (2x + 2)2 – 4
\ (4x2 + 8x) + 4 = (2x + 2)2 – 4 + 4 = (2x + 2)2.
So, 4 is to be added to 4x2 + 8x to make it a perfect square.

2 2
2 2 æ2ö æ2ö
(ii) 9x2 – 4x = (3x)2 – 2·(3x)· = (3x)2 – 2·(3x)· + ç ÷ - ç ÷
3 3 è3ø è3ø

2
æ 2ö 4
= ç 3x - ÷ -
è 3 ø 9

2 2
4 æ 2ö 4 4 æ 2ö
\ (9x2 – 4x) + = ç 3x - ÷ - + = ç 3x - ÷
9 è 3ø 9 9 è 3ø
THE
SPOT P 4
LIGHT So,
9
is to be added to 9x2 – 4x to make it perfect square.
A given polynomial will be perfect
square if
(i) it has three terms; NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.7
(ii) two of the three terms are perfect
squares; Find k so that x2 – 5x + k can be a perfect square of a linear polynomial.
(iii) the third term is equal to twice
the product of the square roots of the
Solution
two perfect square terms.
5
x2 – 5x + k = x2 – 2x· +k
2

2 22
5 æ5ö æ5ö æ 5ö æ 25 ö
= x2 – 2x· +ç ÷ + k – ç ÷ = ç x - ÷ + çk - ÷
2 è2ø è2ø è 2ø è 4 ø

25
So, x2 – 5x + k can be a perfect square if k – =0
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

25
or k =
4

4.4 Expansion of (a ± b)3

(a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab (a + b) = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3.
(a – b)3 = a3 – b3 – 3ab (a – b) = a3 – 3a2b – 3ab2 – b3.
(a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) = a3 + b3.
(a – b) (a2 + ab + b2) = a3 – b3.

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BUILDING CONCEPTS 4.4
Expand the following :

3
1
(i) (1 + x)3 (ii) (2a – 3b)3 (iii) x
x

Explanation
(i) (1 + x)3 = 13 + 3·12· x + 3·1·x2 + x3 = 1 + 3x + 3x2 + x3
(ii) (2a – 3b)3 = (2a)3 – 3·(2a)2·(3b) + 3·(2a)·(3b)2 – (3b)3
= 8a3 – 36a2b + 54ab2 – 27b3.

3
1 1 1 1 3 1
(iii) x x3 3 x2 3 x = x3 + 3x +
x x x 2
x 3 x x3

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.8

3 3
x y x y
Simplify :
2 3 2 3

Solution

3 2 2 3
x x y x y y
Given expression = 3 3
2 2 3 2 3 3

3 2 2 3
x x y x y y
3 3
2 2 3 2 3 3

2 3
x y y x2 y y3
= 2 3 2 3
2 3 3 4 3 27

x2 y 2y3
=
2 27

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.9

Express 8a3 – 36a2b + 54ab2 – 27b3 as perfect cube and find its value
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

when a = 3, b = 2.
Solution
Given expression = (2a)3 – 3(2a)2·3b + 3·(2a)·(3b)2 – (3b)3 = (2a – 3b)3.
When a = 3 and b = 2, the value of the expression = (2 × 3 – 3 × 2) 3 = 0.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.10

Find a3 + b3 if a + b = 5 and ab = 6.
Solution
We know that a3 + b3 = (a + b)3 – 3ab(a + b)
a3 + b3 = 53 – 3·6·5 = 125 – 90 = 35.

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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.11
Find x3 – y3 if x – y = –7 and xy = 2.
Solution
We know, a3 – b3 = (a – b)3 + 3ab(a – b)
\ x3 – y3 = (x – y)3 + 3xy(x – y) = (–7)3 + 3·2·(–7)
= –343 – 42 = –385

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.12

1 1
If a – = 5, find a3 – 3
a a

Solution

3
1æ 1ö 1æ 1ö
a3 – =ça - ÷ + 3× a × ça - ÷
a3 è aø aè aø

= 53 + 3 · 1 · 5
= 125 + 15 = 140.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.13

1 1
If x2 + = 7, find x3 +
2
x x3

Solution

2
æ 1ö 1 1 1
We know, ç x + ÷ = x 2 + 2 × x × + 2 = x2 + 2 + 2 = 7 + 2 = 9.
è xø x x x

1
\ x+ = 9 = ±3.
x

3 3
1 æ 1ö 1æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
Now, x3 + = ç x + ÷ – 3x· ç x + ÷ = ç x + ÷ - 3 ç x + ÷
x3 è xø xè xø è xø è xø
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

1 1
If x+ = 3, x3 + 3 = 33 – 3.3 = 27 – 9 = 18.
x x

1 1
If x+ = –3, x3 + 3 = (–3)3 – 3(–3) = –27 + 9 = –18.
x x

4.5 Expansion of a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc and (x + a)(x + b)(x + c)

a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
(x + a) (x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c) x2 + (ab + bc + ca)x + abc.

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ALLEN
BUILDING CONCEPTS 4.5
Simplify : (x + 2y + 3z)(x2 + 4y2 + 9z2 – 2xy – 6yz – 3zx)
Explanation
We know, (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc.
\ Given expression
= (x + 2y + 3z){(x)2 + (2y)2 + (3z)2 – (x)(2y) – (2y)(3z) – (3z)(x)}
= x3 + (2y)3 + (3z)3 – 3·x·2y·3z = x3 + 8y3 + 27z3 – 18xyz.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.14

Find the product : (i) (x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) (ii) (x + 4)(x – 5)(x – 6)
Solution
We know that
(x + a)(x + b)(x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c)x2 + (ab + bc + ca)x + abc.
(i) Here, a = 1, b = 2, c = 3.
\ product = x3 + (1 + 2 + 3)x2 + {1 · 2 + 2 · 3 + 3 · 1}x + 1·2·3
= x3 + 6x2 + 11x + 6.
(ii) Here, a = 4, b = –5, c = –6.
\ product = x3 + (4 – 5 – 6)x2 + {4(–5) + (–5)(–6) + (–6)4}x + 4(–5)(–6)
= x3 – 7x2 + (–20 + 30 – 24)x + 120
= x3 – 7x2 – 14x + 120.

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.15

Find the coefficients of x2 and x in the product (x – 2)(x + 3)(x – 4).
Solution
We know that (x + a)(x + b)(x + c) = x3 + (a + b + c)x2 + (ab + bc + ca)x
THE
+ abc.
Here, a = –2, b = 3, c = –4. SPOT P
\ (x + a)(x + b)(x + c) = x3 + (–2 + 3 – 4)x2 LIGHT
+ {(–2)3 + 3(–4) + (–4)(–2)}x + (–2)3(–4) a – b = (a – b) (an–1 + an–2 × b + an–
n n

3
× b2 +......... + bn–1)
\ coefficient of x2 = –2 + 3 – 4 = –3;
coefficient of x = (–2)3 + 3(–4) + (–4)(–2) = –6 – 12 + 8 = –10.
Special case of a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)
when, a + b+ c = 0, than a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.16

(b + c)2 (c + a)2 (a + b)2

If a + b + c = 0, find the value of + +
bc ca ab
Solution
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

Given a + b + c = 0 Þ a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
Also a + b + c = 0 Þ b + c = –a, c + a = –b, a + b = –c.

(b + c)2 (c + a)2 (a + b)2 ( -a)2 (-b)2 ( -c)2

\ + + = + +
bc ca ab bc ca ab

a 2 b2 c 2
= + +
bc ca ab

a3 + b3 + c3 3abc
= = = 3.
abc abc

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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.17

(a2 - b2 )3 + (b2 - c2 )3 + (c2 - a2 )3

Simplify :
(a - b)3 + (b - c)3 + (c - a)3

Solution
We know that if x + y + z = 0, then x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz.
Here, (a2 – b2) + (b2 – c2) + (c2 – a2) = 0,
\ (a2 – b2)3 + (b2 – c2)3 + (c2 – a2)3 = 3(a2 – b2)(b2 – c2)(c2 – a2).
Also, (a – b) + (b – c) + (c – a) = 0,
\ (a – b)3 + (b – c)3 + (c – a)3 = 3(a – b)(b – c)(c – a).

(a2 - b2 )3 + (b2 - c2 )3 + (c2 - a2 )3

\
(a - b)3 + (b - c)3 + (c - a)3

3(a 2 - b2 )(b2 - c2 )(c2 - a 2 )

=
3(a - b)(b - c)(c - a)

(a - b)(a + b)(b - c)(b + c)(c - a)(c + a)

=
(a - b)(b - c)(c - a)

= (a + b)(b + c)(c + a)

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.18

1
If a2 – 3a – 1 = 0, find the value of a2 + .
a2

Solution
Given a2 – 3a – 1 = 0, dividing each term by a, we get

1 1
a–3– =0 Þ a– = 3.
a a

2
æ 1ö 2 1
Now ça - a ÷ = a + 2 -2
è ø a
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

2
1 æ 1ö
Þ a2 + = ça - ÷ + 2
a2 è aø

1
Þ a2 + 2
= (3)2 + 2 = 9 + 2 = 11.
a

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.19

1 3 1
If x2 + 2
= 8 , find the value of x3 +
25x 5 125x3

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Solution

1 3 43
Given x2 + 2
= 8 =
25x 5 5

2
æ 1 ö 2 1 1
We know that ç x + ÷ = x + 25x + 2 × x × 5x
è 5x ø

43 2 45
= + = =9
5 5 5

1
Þ x+ = ± 9 = ± 3.
5x

3
æ 1 ö 3 1 1 æ 1 ö
Now ç x + 5x ÷ = x + 3
+ 3×x × ç
5x è
x+
5x ÷ø
è ø 125x

3
1 æ 1 ö 3æ 1 ö
Þ x3 + 3
= çx + ÷ - çx + ÷
125x è 5x ø 5è 5x ø

Two cases arise:

1 THE
Case 1. When x +
5x
= 3,
SPOT P
1 3 9 126 1 LIGHT
x3 + = (3)3 – . 3 = 27 – = = 25 .
(x + a) (x + b) (x + c) = x3 + (a + b +
125x 3 5 5 5 5
c)x2 + (ab + bc + ca)x + abc
1
Case 2. When x + = –3,
5x

1 3 9 126 1
x3 + = (–3)3 – (–3) = –27 + =- = -25 .
125x 3 5 5 5 5

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.20

1
If x = 7 – 4 3 , find the value of x+
x
Solution

Given x = 7 – 4 3

1 1 1 7+4 3 7+4 3
\ = = ´ = 2 ....(i)
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

x 7 - 4 3 7 - 4 3 7 + 4 3 7 - (4 3)2

7+4 3
= = 7+4 3
49 - 48

1
Þ = 7+4 3 ....(ii)
x
On adding (i) and (ii), we get

1
x+ = 14 ....(iii)
x

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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
2
æ 1 ö 1 1 1
Now ç x+ ÷ = x + + 2× x = x+ +2
è xø x x x
= 14 + 2 (using (iii))
2
æ 1 ö 1
Þ ç x+ ÷ = 16 Þ x+ = ± 16 = ± 4
è xø x

1
As x > 0, x + >0. So, we reject –4.
x

1
\ x+ = 4.
x
NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.21
1
If x = 3 + 2 2 , find the value of x3 –
x3
Solution

Given x = 3 + 2 2

1 1 1 3-2 2 3-2 2
\ = = ´ = 2
x 3 + 2 2 3 + 2 2 3 - 2 2 (3) - (2 2)2

3-2 2 3-2 2 1
THE = = Þ = 3-2 2
SPOT P 9-8 1
On subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
x

LIGHT
(1st term)3 + (2nd term)3 = (1st term 1
x– =4 2
+ 2nd term) [(1st term)2 m 1st term × x
2nd term + (2nd term)2]
3
æ 1ö 3 1 1æ 1ö 3 1 æ 1ö
Now ç x - ÷ = x - 3 - 3 × x × ç x - ÷ = x - 3
- 3ç x - ÷
è xø x xè xø x è xø

3
3 1 æ 1ö æ 1ö
Þ x - 3
= ç x - ÷ + 3ç x - ÷
x è xø è xø

1
( )
3
Þ x3 - = 4 2 + 3 ´ 4 2 = 128 2 + 12 2
x3

3 1
Þ x - = 140 2
x3
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

NUMERICAL ABILITY 4.22

If the number p is 7 more than the number q and the sum of the squares
of p and q is 85, find the product of p and q.
Solution
Given p = q + 7 and p2 + q2 = 85.
Now p = q + 7 Þ p–q=7
Þ (p – q)2 = 72 Þ p2 + q2 – 2pq = 49
Þ 85 – 2pq = 49 (Q p2 + q2 = 85)
Þ 85 – 49 = 2pq
Þ 2pq = 36 Þ pq = 18
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EXERCISE # 1
Multiple choice questions
1 1
12. If 2a – = 3 then 16a4 + is ?
1 1 2a 16a 4
1. If a – = 2, then a2 + 2 will be equal to :
a a (1) 11 (2) 119 (3) 117 (4) 121
(1) 6 (2) 0 (3) 4 (4) None 13. If a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca = 0 then :
2. The expansion (6a + 3b)2 can be written as : (1) a = b = c (2) a ¹ b ¹ c
(1) 36a2 – 36ab + 9b2 (3) a = b ¹ c (4) None of these
(2) 36a2 + 36ab + 9b2 14. x– 8xy3 =
(3) 36a2 – 9b2 + 36ab (1) x (1 – 2y) (1 + 2y + 4y2)
(4) None of these (2) x (1 + 2y) (1 + 2y + 4y2)
3. The value of 16.12 – 8.92 is : (3) x (1 – 2y) (1 – 2y + 4y2)
(1) 160 (2) 180 (4) x (1 + 2y) (1 – 2y + 4y2)
(3) 170 (4) None
15. 3 3x 3 + y3 =
4. The value of (x + 3y)2 + (x – 3y)2 is :
(1) 2x2 + 18y2 (2) 2x2 – 18y2 (1) ( 3x + y )( 3x 2 – 3xy + y 2 )
(3) 2x2 + 18y2 – 2xy (4) None of these

2 2
(2) ( 3x – y )( 3x 2 + 3xy + y 2 )
9x - 24xy + 16y
5. The value of is :
3x - 4y (3) ( 3x + y )( 3x 2 + 3xy + y 2 )
(1) 3x + 4y (2) 3x – 4y
(3) 4x – 3y (4) 4x + 3y
(4) ( 3x – y )( 3x 2 – 3xy – y 2 )

6. A factor of x3 – 1 is : 16. The value of (a + b)3 + (a – b)3 + 6a(a2 – b2) :

(1) x – 1 (2) x2 + x + 1 (1) 6a3 (2) 8a3 (3) 10a3 (4) 12a3
(3) Either A & B (4) None of these 2
æ 1ö 1
7. If (3x – 4) (5x + 7) = 15x2 – ax – 28 then a =_____. 17. If ç a + ÷ = b then a3 + 3 is equal to :
è a ø a
(1) 1 (2) – 1
(1) b3 (2) b3/2
(3) – 2 (4) None
(3) b3/2 – 3b1/2 (4) b3/2 + 3b1/2
8. The value of 25x2 + 16y2 + 40xy at x = 1 and
y = – 1 is : 18. If x + y = 5 and x2 + y2 = 111, then value of
x3 + y3 is :
(1) 81 (2) – 49 (3) 1 (4) None
(1) 770 (2) 227
1 1
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

9. If x – = 2
6 then x + x2 = ____ (3) 555 (4) 115
x
1 1 1
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 6 (4) 8 19. If a 2 + b 2 – c 2 = 0 then the value of (a + b – c)2 is :

1 1 (1) 2ab (2) 2bc (3) 4ab (4) 4ac

10. If x2 + = 79 then x + =____
x2 x 20. If x + y + z = 0, then x3 + y3 + z3 is
(1) xyz (2) 2xyz (3) 3xyz (4) Zero
(1) 75 (2) 9 (3) 79 (4) None
21. If x + 1/x = 15 then x2 + 1/x2 is equal to :
11. If x – y = 4 and xy = 21 then x3 – y3 = ____ (1) 223 (2) 210
(1) 361 (2) 316 (3) – 188 (4) None (3) 225 (4) 225 + 1/225

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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
22. (a – b)3 + (b – c)3 + (c – a)3 is equal to
x y
(1) 3abc 24. If + = – 1 (x, y ¹ 0), the value of x3 – y3 is
y x
(2) 3a3b3c3
(1) 1 (2) – 1 (3) 0 (4) 1/2
(3) 3(a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
(4) [a – (b + c)]3 æ 1 öæ 1ö
25. If 49 x2 – b = ç 7x + ÷ ç 7x – ÷ , then the value
è 2 øè 2ø
0.83 ´ 0.83 ´ 0.83 + 0.17 ´ 0.17 ´ 0.17
23.
0.83 ´ 0.83 - 0.83 ´ 0.17 + 0.17 ´ 0.17 of b is

is equal to 1 1 1
(1) 0 (2) (3) (4)
(1) 1 (2) (0.83)3 + (0.17)3 2 4 2
(3) 0 (4) None of these

node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

EXERCISE # 1 ANSWER KEY

Multiple choice questions
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
A ns . 1 2 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 2 2 2 1 1 1
Que. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
A ns . 2 3 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 3

66
 Mathematics
ALLEN
EXERCISE # 2
Very short answer type questions 12. If x + y = 8 and x – y = 2,
1. By using standard formulae, expand the following find the value of 2x2 + 2y2.

2 2 1 1
æ 1 ö æ1 3 ö 13. If x – 3 = , find the value of x2 + 2 .
(i) ç 3x - (ii) ç x - y ÷ x x
è 2x ÷ø è2 2 ø

1
1ö 14. If x2 + y2 = 34 and xy = 10 ,
æ 2
2. If ç x – ÷ = 5, find the value of
è xø
find the value of 2(x + y)2 + (x – y)2.

æ 2 1 ö æ 4 1 ö 1
(i) ç x + 2 ÷ 15. If x + = 4, find the values of
(ii) ç x + 4 ÷ x
è x ø è x ø

3. By using standard formulae, expand the following: 1 1 1 1

(i) x2 + (ii) x4 + (iii) x3 + 3 (iv) x –
x2 x 4
x x
2 2
æ 3 ö æ2 3 ö
(i) ç 2x + - 1 ÷ (ii) ç x - - 1÷
1
è x ø è 3 2x ø = 5 , find the values of
16. If x –
x
4. By using standard formulae, expand the following :
æ 1 ö
3 1 1 1
(i) (5x – 3y) 3
(ii) ç 2x - (i) x2 + (ii) x + (iii) x3 +
÷ x2 x x3
è 3y ø
Short answer type questions
2 8
5. Simplify the following : 17. If x – = 3, find the value of x3 – 3
x x
(i) (3x – 1)2 – (3x – 2) (3x + 1)
18. If a + 2b = 5, prove that a3 + 8b3 + 30ab = 125
(ii) (4x + 3y)2 – (4x – 3y)2 – 48xy
6. Simplify the following : 1
19. If x2 + = 27,
x2
æ 2 öæ 2 ö
(i) ç x + - 3 ÷ ç x - - 3 ÷
è x øè x ø 3 5
find the value of 3x3 + 5x – - .
x3 x
(ii) (5 – 2x) (5 + 2x) (25 + 4x2)
7. Simplify the following : 1 1
2 2 20. If a2 – 3a + 1 = 0, find (i) a2 + (ii) a 3 +
(i) (3p – 4q) (9p + 12pq + 16q ) a2 a3

3 öæ 9 ö Long answer type questions

æ
(ii) ç x - ÷ ç x 2 + 3 + 2 ÷
è x øè x ø 2
æ 1ö 1
21. If ç x + ÷ = 3, find x3 + 3 .
8. By using suitable identities, evaluate the following è xø x
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

(i) (103)2 (ii) (99)3 (iii) (10.1)3

9. If 2a – b + c = 0, 1
22. If x = 5 – 2 6 , find the value of x+ .
prove that 4a2 – b2 + c2 + 4ac = 0. x
10. Without actually calculating the cubes, find the 23. If a + b – c = 5 and a2 + b2 + c2 = 29, find the
values of : value of ab – bc – ca.
(i) (27)3 + (–17)3 + (–10)3 24. If the number x is 3 less than the number y and the
3 3
(ii) (–28) + (15) + (13) 3 sum of the squares of x and y is 29, find the product
11. If 3x – 4y = 16 and xy = 4, of x and y.
find the value of 9x2 + 16y2. 25. If 7a – 5b = 6 and ab = 9, find the value of
343a3 – 125b3.

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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
26. If x + y – z = 4 and x2 + y2 + z2 = 50, find the value 32. Evaluate the following (using identities) :
of xy – yz – zx. (i) 103 × 105 (ii) 98 × 99
(iii) 104 × 95 (iv) (101)3
1 1
27. If x – = 5, find the value of x3 – 3 (v) (399)3
x x
33. Find the product of following :
28. If a + b = 7 and ab = 15, find a3 + b3.
(i) (x + 3) (x2 – 3x + 9)
29. Find the value of a3 – 27b3 if a – 3b = – 6 and
(ii) (5a – 3b) (25a2 + 15ab + 9b2)
ab = – 10
34. Find the value of :
30. If x + y + z = 8 and xy + yz + zx = 20, find the
(x – a)3 + (x – b)3 + (x – c)3 – 3(x – a)
value of x3 + y3 + z3 – 3xyz
(x – b) (x – c) when a + b + c = 3x
31. Simplify :
35. Prove that a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc
(i) (a + b)3 + (a – b)3 + 6a(a2 – b2)
(ii) (2a + b + c)2 + (2a – b – c)2 1
= (a + b + c) [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c – a)2]
2

EXERCISE # 2 ANSWER KEY

Very short answer type questions
1 æ1ö 2 æ3ö æ9ö 2
1. (i) 9x2 + – 3 (ii) ç ÷ x - ç ÷ xy + ç ÷ y 2. (i) 27 (ii) 727
4x2 4
è ø 2
è ø è4ø

9 6 4 2 9 2 4 3
3. (i) 4x2 + + 13 – – 4x (ii) x + x -1 - x + 4. (i) 125x3 – 27y3 – 225x2y + 135xy2
x 2
x 9 4 3 x

1 2 4x 2 4x 2 2x
(ii) 8x3 – y - -1 - + 2
27 y y 3y
Short answer type questions

4 27
5. (i) 3 – 3x (ii) 0 6. (i) x2 – 6x + 9 – (ii) 625 – 16x4 7. (i) 27p3 – 64q3 (ii) x3 –
x2 x3
8. (i) 1092727 (ii) 970299 (iii) 1030.301 10. (i) 13770 (ii) –16380 11. 352
node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\04_Expansions.p65

12. 68 13. 11 14. 123 15. (i) 14 (ii) 194 (iii) 52 (iv) ±2 3

16. (i) 7 (ii) ± 3 17. 45 19. ±445 20. (i) 7 (ii) 18

Long answer type questions

21. 0 22. 2 3 23. –2 24. 10 25. 5886 26. –17

27. 140 28. 28 29. 324 30. 32 31. (i) 8a3 (ii) 8a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 + 4bc

32. (i) 10815 (ii) 9702 (iii) 9880 (iv) 1030301 (v) 6352119 33. (i) x3 + 27 (ii) 125a3 – 27b3

34. 0

68