Linear Equations in Two Variables

Mathematics
ALLEN
Linear Equations in Two Variables
Department of Wild Life

says number of local and
foreign tourists visiting
wildlife parks in Southern
Provin ce h as rapidly
increased. A system of
equation can be used to
determine how many local "A straight line in a plane
and foreign tourists visit always represents a linear
wildlife parks if total equation in two variables."
number of tickets sold
and the income from the
ticket sales are known.
6.1 Simultaneous linear equations in two variables

A pair of linear equations in two variables is said to form a system of
simultaneous linear equations.
General form : a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0,
where a1,a2,b1,b2, c1 and c2 are real non zero numbers ; a12 + b12 ¹ 0 and
a22 + b22 ¹ 0 and x, y are variables.

THE
Here is an example of a system of simultaneous linear equations. SPOT P
x – 2y = 3, 2x + 5y = 5 LIGHT
A pair of values of the variables x and y satisfying each one of the equations The solution of a system of linear
in a given system of two simultaneous linear equations in x and y is called a equations in two variable is the point
solution of the system. of intersection of (x,y) of their graphs.
Ex. x = 2, y = 3 is a solution of the system of simultaneous linear equations.

node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\06_Linear Equation in two variable.p65
2x + y = 7 ...(1)
3x + 2y = 12 ...(2)
Put x = 2, y = 3 in LHS of equation (1), we get
LHS = 2 × 2 + 3 = 7 = RHS
Put x = 2, y = 3 in LHS of equation (2), we get
LHS = 3 × 2 + 2 × 3 = 12 = RHS
The value x = 2, y = 3 satisfy both equations (1) and (2).
6.2 Graphs of a system of equations
The geometrical representation of a linear equation in two variables is a
straight line. Each solution (x,y) of a linear equation in two variables,
ax + by + c = 0, corresponds to a point on the line representing the
equations, and vice versa. As such, there are infinitely many solutions of a
linear equation in 2 variables.
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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
ACTIVE MATHS 6.1
y
Can two different linear equations have a solution in common?
In this activity, use the following linear equations.
=0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
c 1 x–y=–2 ...(1)
x' y+ x x+y=4 ...(2)
+b
1
0
a 1x
Exploring the concept
1. Turn your classroom into a coordinate grid by arranging your desks into
y' rows. Every position in your grid should be occupied.
Fig.1 (Intersecting lines)
2. Choose one student's position to represent the origin. Write down the
ordered pair you represent. A sample classroom grid is shown.
3. Substitute the x-value and y-value that you represent into Equation 1.
If you get a true statement, stand up.
(0,5) (1,5) (2,5) (3,5) (4,5) (5,5)
(0,4) (1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4) (5,4)

y increases from 0 ¾®
(0,3) (1,3) (2,3) (3,3) (4,3) (5,3)
(0,2) (1,2) (2,2) (3,2) (4,2) (5,2)
y
0 (0,1) (1,1) (2,1) (3,1) (4,1) (5,1)
=
c 1
y+
+b
1
x' a 1x x (0,0) (1,0) (2,0) (3,0) (4,0) (5,0)

0
0
= x increases from 0 ¾®
+c
2
y
+b
2
x y'
a 2 4. What do you notice about the positions of the students standing up? On
Fig. 2 (Parallel Lines) graph paper, draw axes and plot a point for each student who is standing.
5. Have everyone sit down. Then repeat Step-3 and Step-4 using Equation 2.
Drawing conclusions
1. Look at your graph and describe what you observe. Which student's ordered
pair do you think will make both equations true? Is this only ordered pair
that is a solution of both equations? Explain.
2. In Exercises (a), (b) use the class as a coordinate grid to find an ordered
pair that is a solution of both equations.
(a) x – y = – 1 (b) x = 3
x+y=3 y=2
y Since a linear equation in two variables represents a straight line. Therefore
=0 a pair of linear equations in two variables will be represented by two straight
+c
1
y lines, both to be considered together. You know that given two lines in a
+b
1
x' a 1x = 0 x plane, only one of the following three possibilities can happen :
0 c2
y+ (i) The 2 lines intersect at one point.
+b
2
a 2x (ii) The 2 lines are parallel.

y'
(iii) The 2 lines are coincident lines.
Fig. 3 (Coincident lines) Thus, the graphical representation of a pair of simultaneous linear equations
in two variables will be in one of the forms. (see fig. 1, 2 and 3)
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BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.1
VIOLINS In one week a music store sold 7 violins for a total of ` 1500.
Two different types of violins were sold. One type cost ` 200 and the other
type cost ` 300. Represent this situation algebraically and graphically.
Explanation
Verbal Number of + Number of Total number

=
Model type A type B sold
Price of Number of + Price of • Number of = Total

•
type A type A type B type B sales
Labels Number of type A = x (violins) Fig. 4

Number of type B = y (violins)
Total number sold = 7 (violins) y
20
Price of type A = 200 (` per violin) 0 x+
3 00 8
y=
Price of type B = 300 (` per violin) • 15
00 • (0,7)
(–3,7) 6
Total sales = 1500 ( `) •4 (3,4)
Algebraic x + y = 7 ....(1)
(0,5)
• x+
•
(3,3)
y=
Model 200 x + 300 y = 1500 2 7
....(2)
x' •
Now, x + y = 7 200x + 300y = 1500 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
•x
15 - 2x (7,0)
Þy=7–x Þ 2x + 3y = 15 Þ y = –2
3
y'
x 0 7 3 x 0 3 –3
Fig.5
y 7 0 4 y 5 3 7
points are (0,7), (7,0), (3,4) points are (0,5), (3,3), (– 3, 7)
The graphical representation is shown in the fig.5 which shows intersecting
lines.
RAILS Two rails are represented by the equations x + 2y – 6 = 0 and

x + 2y – 4 = 0. Represent this situation graphically.
Explanation
x + 2y – 6 = 0 ...(1)
Fig. 6
x + 2y – 4 = 0 ...(2)
x + 2y – 6 = 0 x + 2y – 4 = 0 y
6-x 4-x
Þy= Þy=
2 2
x 0 6 2 x 0 4 2 4
y 3 0 2 y 2 0 1 •2(0,3) (2,2)
(0,2)• • (6,0)
x' x
Points are (0,3), (6,0), (2,2) Points are (0,2), (4,0), (2,1)
0 2 •4 •6
The graphical representation is shown in the fig.7 which shows parallel lines. (4,0)
y'
Fig.7
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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
y Lorea is moving along the path x + y = 6 and Johana is moving along
the path 2x + 2y = 12. Represent this situation geometrically.
6•
(0,6) Explanation
(1,5)
• (2,4) x+ y= 6 ...(1) ; 2x + 2y = 12 ...(2)
4 • (3,3)
• x+ y= 6 2x + 2y = 12
2
x' (6,0)
x 12 - 2x
• Þy =6 –x Þy=
0 2 4 6 2
x 0 6 3 x 1 4 3
y'
y 6 0 3 y 5 2 3
Fig.8
The graphical representation is shown in the fig.8 which shows that they
are moving on the same path.
6.3 Solving system of equations by graphing

A system of two linear equations can be solved graphically, by graphing
both equations in the same co-ordinate plane. Every point on the line of an
equation is a solution of that equation.
The point at which the two lines cross lies on both lines and so is the
solution of both equations, it is also known as unique solution.
If the two lines coincide, they have infinitely many common points, and
y hence the system has infinitely many solutions.
· x+
·2 2y
–3 Finally if the lines represented by the equations are parallel, they do not
x' (–1,2) · =0 x have a common point and so the system has no solution.
–4 –2 2
· 4 6
–2 · NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.1
4x
+3
–4 Solve the following systems of equations by graphing.

y=
2
–6 · (i) x + 2y – 3 = 0, 4x + 3y = 2 (ii) 3x + y = 1, 2y = 2 – 6x
(iii) 2x – y = 2, 2y – 4x = 2
y' Solution
Fig.9 3–x 2 – 4x
(i) x + 2y – 3 = 0 Þ y = 4x + 3y = 2 Þ y =
2 3
x 1 3 –3 x 2 –1 5
y 1 0 3 y –2 2 –6
Points are (1,1), (3,0), (–3,3) Points are (2,–2), (–1,2), (5,–6)
From the graph, (see fig.9) we see that the two lines intersect at a point (–1,2).
y
So unique solution of the pair of linear equations is x = – 1, y = 2.
6 2 – 6x
(ii) 3x + y = 1 Þ y = 1 – 3x 2y = 2 – 6x Þ y =
·
3 x+
4 2
y=
2 x 0 1 2 x –1 1 –2
·
1
x' x y 1 –2 –5 y 4 –2 7
–2 2
–2 · Points are (0,1), (1,–2), (2,–5) Points are (–1,4), (1,–2), (–2,7)
2 y=
2–6
–4 The graph is shown alongside (see fig.10).

·
x
–6 The two equations have the same graph. Thus system has infinite number
y'
Fig.10 of solutions.
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Mathematics
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4x + 2 y
(iii) 2x – y = 2 Þ y = 2x – 2 2y – 4x = 2 Þ y =
2
x 0 1 2 x 0 1 –1
y –2 0 2 y 1 3 –1 4
·
2
·
y=
Points are (0,–2), (1,0), (2,2) Points are (0,1), (1,3), (–1,–1) 2
·
2x –
The graph is shown alongside (see fig.11). x' · x
The graph of the system consists of two parallel lines. So, it has no solution.
–2
· 0 2
·
=2
–2
4x
–4
2 y–
WEBMASTER You are the Webmaster of the Web sites for the science club y'
and for the math club. Assuming that the number of visits at each site can Fig.11
be represented by a linear function, use the information in the table to predict
when the number of daily visits to the two sites will be the same.
Club Current daily visits Increase (daily visits per month)

Science 400 25
Maths 200 50
Explanation
Verbal Daily = Current visits + Increase for Number of

Model •
Visits to science site science site months
Daily = Current visits + Increase for Number of

•
Visits to math site math site months
Labels Daily visits = V (daily visits)

Current visits (science) = 400 (daily visits) Fig.12
Increase (science) = 25 (daily visits per month)
Number of months = t (months)
Current visits (math) = 200 (daily visits)
Increase (math) = 50 (daily visits per month)
Algebraic for science V = 400 + 25t ...(1)
Model for maths V = 200 + 50t ...(2)
V = 400 + 25t V = 200 + 50t
V V y
400 500 600 200 300 400
V h
t 0 4 8 t 0 2 4 at
Number of daily visits
M e
c
Points are (400,0), (500,4),(600,8) Points are (200,0), (300,2), (400,4) ien
600 •(8,600) Sc
According to the graph (see fig.13) the sites will have the same number •
400• •
of visits in 8 months. •
200•
Consi stent sy stem : A syst em of e quat i on s wi th at least one

x' x
solution is called a consistent system. 0 8 12 t
y' 4
Inconsistent system : A system of equations with no solution is called an Number of months
inconsistent system. Fig.13
Dependent system : A system of equations with an infinite number of
solutions is said to be dependent.
Independent system : A system of equations with only one solution is said
to be independent.
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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
6.4 Algebraic conditions for consistency / inconsistency of
the system
ACTIVE MATHS 6.2
What are the algebraic conditions for consistency / inconsistency of a system
of linear equations?
Exploring the Concept
Consider the following 3 pairs of linear equations in two variables :
A. 2x – y + 1 = 0 B. x – 2y – 5 = 0 C. 2x + 3y – 6 = 0
x – 2y + 8 = 0 3x – 6y – 15 = 0 4x + 6y – 24 = 0
Draw the graphs for the above mentioned system. Also, find the value of
a1 b1 c
ratios , and 1 for each system.
a2 b2 c2
Drawing conclusions
a1 b1 c
Analyse the 3 graphs, compare the ratios , and 1 for each system.
a2 b2 c2
Fill in following table :
System of Equations Graphical Value of Ratios Comparison
(In standard form) Representation a1/a2 b1/b2 c1/c2 of ratios
THE
SPOT P A. 2x – y + 1 = 0
x – 2y + 8 = 0
LIGHT B. x – 2y – 5 = 0
3x – 6y – 15 = 0
If the system has
a1 b1 C. 2x + 3y – 6 = 0
(i) Unique solution Û ¹ 4x + 6y – 24 = 0
a2 b 2
(ii) Infinitely many solutions After filling the table, answer the following questions :
a1 b1 c1 1. Write the conditions for a pair of linear equations to have unique solution,
Û = =
a2 b 2 c2 infinitely many solutions & no solution.
a1 b1 c1 2. Comment on the type of graph and type of solution for the following pair
(iii) No solution Û = ¹ of equations :
a2 b 2 c2
A. 2x – 5y = 9 B. 2x – 5y = 9 C. 3x – 5y = 11
5x + 6y = 8 4x – 10y = 18 6x – 10y = 7
NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.2

In each of the following pairs of equations, determine whether the system
has a unique solution, no solution or infinitely many solutions :
(i) 2x + 5y = 17 (ii) x – 3y – 3 = 0 (iii) 4x + 6y = 7

5x + 3y = 14 3x – 9y – 2 = 0 6x + 9y = 10.5
Solution
The given pair of equations can be rewritten as
(i) 2x + 5y – 17 = 0
5x + 3y – 14 = 0
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 5 and c1 = – 17
a2 = 5, b2 = 3 and c2 = – 14
a1 2 b1 5
\ = , =
a 2 5 b2 3
a1 b1
Clearly a ¹ b
2 2
\ The given pair of equations has a unique solution.
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Mathematics
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(ii) The given pair of equations is
x – 3y – 3 = 0
3x – 9y – 2 = 0
Here a1 = 1, b1 = – 3 and c1 = – 3
a2 = 3, b2 = – 9 and c2 = – 2
a1 1 b1 –3 1 c –3 3
\ = , = = and 1 = =
a2 3 b2 –9 3 c2 –2 2
a1 b1 c1
\ = ¹ .
a2 b2 c2
\ The given pair of equations has no solution.
(iii) The given pair of equation can be rewritten as
4x + 6y – 7 = 0
6x + 9y – 10.5 = 0
Here a1 = 4, b1 = 6 and c1 = – 7
a2 = 6, b2 = 9 and c2 = – 10.5
a1 4 2 b1 6 2
\ = = , = = and c1 = –7 = 2
a2 6 3 b2 9 3 c2 –10.5 3
a1 b1 c1
\ a =b =c .
2 2 2
\ The given pair of equations has infinitely many solutions.

For what value of k, the system of equations x + 2y = 5, 3x + ky + 15 = 0 has THE
(i) A unique solution (ii) No solution ? SPOT P
Solution LIGHT
We have, x + 2y = 5 Þ x + 2y – 5 = 0 and 3x + ky + 15 = 0.
A system of simultaneous equations
a b in which all the constant terms are zero
(i) The required condition for unique solution is : 1 ¹ 1 is called a Homogeneous System.
a 2 b2
1 2
\ ¹ Þk¹6
3 k
Hence, for all real values of k except 6, the given system of equations
will have a unique solution.
a1 b1 c1
(ii) The required condition for no solution is : = ¹
a 2 b2 c 2
1 2 –5 1 2 2 –5
\ = ¹ Þ = and ¹
3 k 15 3 k k 15
2 –1
Þ k = 6 and ¹ Þ k = 6 and k ¹ –6
k 3
Hence the given system of equations will have no solution when k = 6.

Find the value of k for which t he system of equatio ns
4x + 5y = 0, kx + 10y = 0 has infinitely many solutions.
Solution
The given system is of the form a1x + b1y = 0, a2x + b2y = 0
a1 = 4, a2 = k, b1 = 5, b2 = 10
a1 b1
If the system has infinitely many solutions, =
a2 b2
4 5
\ = Þk=8
k 10
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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
If the constant terms are zero in a simultaneous system of equations, will
the system be consistent always? If yes, explain.
Explanation
Consider the following system :
a1x + b1y = 0 ...(1) ; a2x + b2y = 0 ...(2)
As the constant terms are zero, equation (1) and (2) will pass through the origin.
As such, they will always intersect at one point i.e. the origin.
THE
SPOT P Hence, such a system will always be consistent.

LIGHT
A homogeneous system is always Consider the following system of equations :
consistent. 2x + 5y = 0 and 4x + 3y = 0
(a) If the system is consistent, how many solution are possible, find them.
(b) If the coefficient of y in second equation is replaced by 10, will there be
any change in the number of solutions? Explain your answer.
Explanation
(a) 2x + 5y = 0 ...(1) ; 4x + 3y = 0 ...(2)
y Hence, a1 = 2, b1 = 5, a2 = 4, b2 = 3.
6
(–3,4) a1 2 1 b 5
• = = and 1 =
(–5,2) 4 a2 4 2 b2 3
4x
+3
•2
y=
x+5
2 a1 b1
0
y=0
x' x Þ ¹
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 a2 b2
–2 •
(5,–2) Þ Given system is consistent and has unique solution.
–4 • (3,–4)
–2x –4x
–6 2x + 5y = 0 Þ y = 4x + 3y = 0 Þ y =
y' 5 3
Fig.14 x 5 –5 0 x 0 3 –3
y –2 2 0 y 0 –4 4
Points are (5,–2), (– 5,2), (0,0) Points are (0,0), (3,– 4), (– 3,4)
From the graph (see fig.14), we see that the two lines intersect at a point
(0,0). So, the solution of the pair of linear equations is x = 0, y = 0.
y (b) On replacing the coefficient of y in second equation by 10, we have :
4 2x + 5y = 0 ...(3)
(–5,2)
• 2 x+
5y= 2 4x + 10y = 0 ...(4)
0
x' x
a1 2 1 b 5 1
–6 –4 –2 0 4x+2 4 6 Here = = and 1 = =
10
–2 y=0 • a2 4 2 b2 10 2
(5,–2)
–4 a1 b1
Þ =
a 2 b2
–6
y' Þ Now the system has infinite number of solutions.
–2x –2x
Fig.15
2x + 5y = 0 Þ y = 4x + 10y = 0 Þ y =
5 5
x 0 5 –5 x 0 5 –5
y 0 –2 2 y 0 –2 2
Points are (0,0), (5,–2), (–2,5) Points are (0,0), (5,–2), (–2,5)
From the graph (see fig.15), we see that the two lines are coincident. So,
the system has infinitely many solutions.
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Mathematics
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6.5 Algebraic methods of solving a pair of linear equations
in two variables
Some times, graphical method does not give an accurate answer. While
reading the co-ordinate of a point on a graph paper we are likely to make
an error. So we require some precise method to obtain accurate result.
The algebraic methods are given below :
(i) Method of elimination by substitution.
(ii) Method of elimination by equating the coefficients.
(iii) Method of cross multiplication.
6.6 Algebraic solution by substitution method

To solve a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y by substitution
method, we follow the following steps:
Step-1 : Write the given equations
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ...(1)
and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ...(2)
Step-2: Choose one of the two equations and express y in terms of x (or
x in terms of y), i.e., express, one variable in terms of the other.
Step-3 : Substitute this value of y obtained in step-II, in the other equation
to get a linear equation in x.
THE
Step-4 : Solve the linear equation obtained in step-III and get the value
of x.
SPOT P
Step-5 : Substitute this value of x in the relation obtained in step-II and
LIGHT
For a homogenous system, if
find the value of y.
a1 b1
(i) ¹ Û Unique solution
NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.5 a2 b 2
a1 b1
(ii) = Û Infinitely many
Solve for x and y : 4x + 3y = 24, 3y – 2x = 6. a2 b 2
Solution solution
4x + 3y = 24 ...(1)
3y – 2x = 6 ...(2)
From equation (1), we get
24 - 4x
y= ...(3)
3
Substituting in equation (2), we get
æ 24 - 4x ö
3ç
è ÷ – 2x = 6
3 ø
Þ 24 – 4x – 2x = 6
Þ – 6x = – 24 + 6
Þ 6x = 18 Þ x=3
Substituting x = 3 in (3), we get
24 - 12 12
Þ y= Þ =4
3 3
Hence, x = 3, y = 4.
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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
MUSEUM ADMISSIONS In one day the National Museum of India, New
Delhi admitted 321 adults and children and collected ` 1590. The price
of admission is ` 6 for an adult and ` 4 for a child. How many adults and
how many children were admitted to the museum that day?
Explanation
Verbal Number of + Number of Total Number
=
Model adults children admitted
Price of Number Price of Number Total

adult • of + child • of = amount
admission adults admission children collected
Labels Number of adults = x

Number of children = y
Total number admitted = 321
Price of adult admission = ` 6
Price of child admission = ` 4
Total amount collected = ` 1590
Algebraic x + y = 321 ...(1)
Model 6x + 4y = 1590 ...(2)
From equation 1, we get
x = – y + 321 ...(3)
6(–y + 321) + 4y = 1590 (Substitute – y + 321 for x in equation 2)
– 6y + 1926 + 4y = 1590
– 2y + 1926 = 1590
– 2y = – 336
y = 168
Fig. 16 National Museum of India
x = – (168) + 321 = 153 (Substitute 168 for y in equation 3)
153 adults and 168 children were admitted to the National Museum of
India that day.
6.7 Algebraic solution by elimination method

To solve a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y by elimination
method, we follow the following steps:

Step-1 : Write the given equations
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ...(1)
and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ...(2)
Step-2 : Multiply the given equations by suitable numbers so that the
coefficient of one of the variables are numerically equal.
Step-3 : If the numerically equal coefficients are opposite in sign, then
add the new equations otherwise subtract.
Step-4 : Solve the linear equations in one variable obtained in step-III
and get the value of one variable.
Step-5 : Substitute this value of the variable obtained in step-IV in any
of the two equations and find the value of the other variable.
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Mathematics
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Solve the following pair of linear equations by elimination method
3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2.
Solution
We have, 3x + 4y = 10 ...(1)
and 2x – 2y = 2 ...(2)
Multiplying (2) by 2, we get 4x – 4y = 4 ...(3)
Adding (1) and (3), we get 7x = 14 Þ x = 2
Putting x = 2 in equation (2), we get
2 × 2 – 2y = 2
Þ 2y = 4 – 2
Þ y=1
Hence, the solution is x = 2 and y = 1.

VOLUME AND MASS A gold crown (Fig.17), suspected of containing some
silver, was found to have a mass of 714 grams and a volume of 46 cubic
centimeters. The density of gold is about 19 grams per cubic centimeter.
The density of silver is about 10.5 grams per cubic centimeter. What
percent of the crown is silver?
Explanation
Verbal Gold Silver
+ = Total volume
Model volume volume
Gold Gold Silver Silver Total

density • volume + density • volume = mass
Labels Volume of gold = G (cubic centimeters)

Fig. 17
Volume of silver = S (cubic centimeters)
Total volume = 46 (cubic centimeters)
Density of gold = 19 (grams per cubic centimeter)
Density of silver = 10.5 (grams per cubic centimeter)
Total mass = 714 (grams)
Algebraic G + S = 46 ...(1)
Model 19G + 10.5S = 714 ...(2)
Multiplying equation (1) by – 19, we get
– 19G – 19S = – 874 ...(3)
Adding equation (2) and (3), we get
– 8.5 S = – 160
S » 18.8
The volume of silver is about 19 cm3. The crown has a volume of 46 cm3,
19
so the crown is » 41% silver by volume.
46
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ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
6.8 Equations of the form ax + by = c and bx + ay = d, where
a ¹ b.
To solve the equations of the form :
ax + by = c ...(1) and bx + ay = d ...(2)
where a ¹ b, we follow the following steps :
Step-1 : Add (1) and (2) and obtain (a + b)x + (b + a) y = c + d,
c+d
i.e., x + y = ...(3)
a+b
Step-2 : Subtract (2) from (1) and obtain (a – b)x – (a – b) y = c – d, i.e.,
c–d
x–y= ...(4)
a–b
Step-3 : Solve (3) and (4) to get x and y.

Solve for x and y : 47x + 31y = 63, 31x + 47y = 15.
Solution
We have,
47x + 31y = 63 ...(1)
and 31x + 47y = 15 ...(2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get : 78x + 78y = 78 Þx+y=1 ...(3)
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get : 16x – 16y = 48 Þ x – y = 3 ...(4)
Now, adding (3) and (4), we get : 2x = 4 Þ x = 2
THE
SPOT P Putting x = 2 in (3), we get : 2 + y = 1 Þ y = – 1
Hence, the solution is x = 2 and y = –1
LIGHT 6.9 Equations reducible to linear equations in two variables
Cross-multiplication method is also
known as Cramer's Rule. Equations which contain the variables, only in the denominators, are called
reciprocal equations. These equations can be of the following types and
can be solved by the under mentioned method :
a b a ' b'
Type-I : + = c and + = c' " a,b,c,a',b',c'ÎR
u v u v
1 1
Put = x and = y and find the value of x and y by any method
u v
described earlier.
1 1
Then u = and v =
x y
Type-II : au + bv = cuv and a'u + b'v = c'uv " a,b,c,a',b',c'ÎR

Divide both equations by uv and equations can be converted in
the form explained in (I).
a b a' b'
Type-III : + =k, + = k'
lx + my cx + dy lx + my cx + dy
" a,b,k,a',b',k'ÎR
1 1
Put = u and =v
lx + my cx + dy
Then equations are au + bv = k and a'u + b'v = k'
1
Find the values of u and v and put in lx + my = and
u
1
cx + dy =
v
Again solve for x and y, by any method explained earlier.
92
Mathematics
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3a 2b a 3b
Solve for x and y : – + 5 = 0 and + – 2 = 0 (x ¹ 0, y ¹ 0)
x y x y
Solution
3a 2b a 3b
We have, – + 5 = 0 and + –2=0
x y x y
1 1
Let = u and = v. Then, the given equations can be written as
x y
3au – 2bv = –5 ...(1)
and au + 3bv = 2 ...(2)
Multiplying (1) by 3 and (2) by 2, we get
9au – 6bv = –15 ...(3)
and 2au + 6bv = 4 ...(4)
Adding (3) and (4), we get 11au = –11
–1
Þu=
a
–1 æ –1 ö 1
Put u = in equation (2), we get a ç
a ÷ + 3bv = 2 Þ 3bv = 3 Þ v =
a è ø b
1 1
But = u and = v
x y
1 –1 1 1 –1 1
Therefore, = Þ x = – a and = Þ y = b [Q u = ,v= ]
x a y b a b
Hence the solution is x = – a and y = b.

Solve for x and y : 7x – 2y = 5xy and 8x + 7y = 15xy
Solution
7 2
7x – 2y = 5xy Þ - =5 ...(1)
y x
8 7
8x + 7y = 15xy Þ + = 15 ...(2)
y x
1 1
Putting = u and = v , we get
y x
7u – 2v = 5 ...(3)
8u + 7v = 15 ...(4)
Multiplying (3) by 7 and (4) by 2 and adding we get
49u – 14v = 35
and 16u + 14v = 30
1
65 u = 65 Þu=1 Þ = 1 or y = 1
y
1
Substituting u = 1 in (3) we get : 7 – 2v = 5 Þ v = 1 Þ = 1 or x = 1
x
Hence, x = 1, y = 1.
93
ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
57 6 38 21
Solve + = 5 and + = 9.
x+y x–y x+y x–y
Solution
57 6 57 6
We have + =5Þ + –5=0
x+y x–y x+y x–y
38 21 38 21
and + =9Þ + –9=0
x+y x–y x+y x–y
1 1
Let = p and = q.
x+y x–y
Then, the given equations can be written as
57p + 6q – 5 = 0 and 38p + 21q – 9 = 0
By elimination method,
57p + 6q = 5 ........ (1)
38p + 21q = 9 ........ (2)
Multiply (1) by 21 and (2) by 6 and subtract
THE 1197p + 126q = 105
SPOT P 228p + 126q = 54
LIGHT 969p = 51
For a system of equations a unique 1
solution is possible only when the p=
19
number of variables is equal to or
less than number of independent and 1
q=
consistent equations. 3
1 1
But = p and = q. Therefore
x+y x–y
1 1
= Þ x + y = 19 ...(3)
x+y 19
1 1
and = Þx–y=3 ...(4)
x–y 3
Adding (3) and (4), we get 2x = 22 Þ x = 11
Put x = 11 in (3), we get 11 + y = 19 Þ y = 8
Hence, the solution is x = 11 and y = 8.
6.10 Word problems
I. Problems based on articles and their costs

A and B each have certain number of oranges. A says to B, "if you give
me 10 of your oranges, I will have twice the number of oranges left with
you. B replies, "if you give me 10 of your oranges, I will have the same
number of oranges as left with you." Find the number of oranges with A
and B separately.
Solution
Suppose A has x oranges and B has y oranges.
According to the given conditions, we have
x + 10 = 2 (y – 10) Þ x – 2y + 30 = 0 ...(1)
and, y + 10 = x – 10 Þ x – y – 20 = 0 ...(2)
94
Mathematics
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Subtracting equation (2) from equation (1), we get
– y + 50 = 0 Þ y = 50
Putting y = 50 in equation (1), we get x = 70
Hence, A has 70 oranges and B has 50 oranges.
II. Problems based on numbers
In the applications of linear equations in solving word problems based on
numbers. Recall that the two digit number having a and b as units and ten's
digits respectively is equal to 10 b + a and the number obtained by reversing
the order of digits is 10 a + b.

The sum of a two digit number and the number obtained by reversing the
order of its digits is 121, and the two digits differ by 3. Find the number.
Solution
Let the digit in the units place be x and the digit at the ten's place be y.
Then, number = 10y + x
The number obtained by reversing the order of the digits is 10x + y.
According to the given conditions, we have
(10y + x) + (10x + y) = 121
Þ 11 (x + y) = 121
Þ x + y = 11
and, x – y = ± 3 [Q Difference of digits is 3]
Thus, we have the following sets of simultaneous equations
x + y = 11 ...(1) ü ì x + y = 11 ...(3)
ý í
and, x – y = 3 ...(2) þ or î x – y = 3 ...(4)
On solving equation (1) and (2), we get x = 7, y = 4
On solving equations (3) and (4), we get x = 4, y = 7
When x = 7, y = 4, we have
Number = 10 y + x = 10 × 4 + 7 = 47
When x = 4, y = 7, we have
Number = 10 y + x = 10 × 7 + 4 = 74
Hence, the required number is either 47 or, 74.
III. Problems based on ages

Ten years ago, father was twelve times as old as his son and ten years hence,
he will be twice as old as his son will be. Find their present ages.
Solution
Ten years ago, Father's age = (x – 10) years
Son's age = (y – 10) years
\ x – 10 = 12(y – 10) Þ x – 12y + 110 = 0 ...(1)
Ten years later, Father's age = (x + 10) years.
Son's age = (y + 10)
\ x + 10 = 2(y + 10) Þ x – 2y – 10 = 0 ...(2)
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get
– 10y + 120 = 0 Þ 10 y = 120 Þ y = 12
Putting y = 12 in (1), we get
x – 144 + 110 = 0 Þ x = 34
Thus, present age of father is 34 years and the present age of son is
12 years.
95
ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
IV. Problems based on time, distance and speed
In solving problems based on time, distance and speed, we use the following
formulae :
Distance = Speed × Time
Distance Distance
Time = and Speed =
Speed Time
Also, if Speed of a boat in still water = u km/hr
Speed of the current = v km/hr
Then, Speed upstream = (u – v) km/hr
Speed downstream = (u + v) km/hr
Following examples will illustrate the use of these formulae.
A boat covers 32 km upstream and 36 km downstream in 7 hours. Also,
it covers 40 km upstream and 48 km downstream in 9 hours. Find the
speed of the boat in still water and that of the stream.
Explanation
Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the
stream be y km/hr.Then,
Speed upstream = (x – y) km/hr
Speed downstream = (x + y) km/hr
32
Now, Time taken to cover 32 km upstream = hrs
x-y
36
Time taken to cover 36 km downstream = hrs
x+y
But, total time of journey is 7 hours.
32 36
\ + = 7 ...(1)
x-y x+y
40
Tlime taken to cover 40 km upstream =
x-y
48
Time taken to cover 48 km downstream =
x+y
In this case, total time of journey is given to be 9 hours.
40 48
\ + = 9 ...(2)
x-y x+y
1 1
Putting = u and = v in equations (1) and (2), we get
x-y x+y node05\B0B0-BA\CBSE\9th\ICSE Part-1\Maths-1\06_Linear Equation in two variable.p65
32u + 36v = 7 ...(3)

40u + 48v = 9 ...(4)
Solving these equations by elimination, we get
1280u + 1440v = 280
1280u + 1536v = 288
1 1
96v = 8 Þ v= and u =
12 8
1 1 1
Now, u = Þ = Þx–y=8 ...(5)
8 x-y 8
1 1 1
and, v = Þ = Þ x + y = 12 ...(6)
12 x+y 12
Solving equations (5) and (6), we get x = 10 and y = 2.
Hence, Speed of the boat in still water = 10 km/hr
Speed of the stream = 2 km/hr.
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Mathematics
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JOURNEY A man travels 370 km partly by train and partly by car. If he
covers 250 km by train and the rest by car, it takes him 4 hours. But, if
he travels 130 km by train and the rest by car, he takes 18 minutes longer.
Find the speed of the train and that of the car.
Solution
Verbal Distance travelled Distance travelled
Model by train by car
+ = Total
Speed of train Speed of car time
Labels The speed of train = x (kilometre per hour)

The speed of car = y (kilometre per hour)
Algebraic 250 + 120 = 4 ...(1)

Model x y
130 240 18 43
+ =4+ = ...(2)
x y 60 10
1 1
Let = u and = v. Then, the equations (1) and (2) can be written as
x y
250 u + 120 v = 4 ...(3)
43
and 130 u + 240 v = ...(4)
10
Multiplying (3) by 2, we get 500 u + 240 v = 8 ..(5)
43
Subtracting equation (4) from (5), we get 370 u = 8 –
10
37
Þ 370 u =
10
1
Þ u=
100
1
Putting u = in equation (3), we get
100
1
250 × + 120 v = 4
100
5
Þ + 120 v = 4
2
5
Þ 120v = 4 –
2
3 1 1 1
Þ v= = but u = and v = .
120 ´ 2 80 x y
1 1 1 1
Therefore, = Þ x = 100 and = Þ y = 80
x 100 y 80
Hence the speeds of the trains and that of the car are 100 km/h and 80
km/h respectively.
97
ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
V. Problems based on geometry

The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square units if its length is reduced
by 5 units and the breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the length
by 3 units and breadth by 2 units, the area is increased by 67 square units.
Find the length and breadth of the rectangle.
Explanation
Let the length and breadth of the rectangle be x and y units respectively.
Then, Area = xy sq. units.
If length is reduced by 5 units and the breadth is increased by 3 units, then
area is reduced by 9 square units.
\ xy – 9 = (x – 5) (y + 3)
Þ xy – 9 = xy + 3x – 5y – 15
A B
Þ 3x – 5y – 6 = 0 ...(1)
When length is increased by 3 units and breadth by 2 units, the area is
y units
increased by 67 sq. units.
D C xy + 67 = (x + 3)(y + 2)
x units
Þ xy + 67 = xy + 2x + 3y + 6
Þ 2x + 3y – 61 = 0 ...(2)
Thus, we get the following system of linear equations :
3x – 5y = 6 ....(3)
2x + 3y = 61 ....(4)
By using elimination, we have
6x – 10y = 12
6x +9y = 183
-19y = -171
Þ y = 9 and x = 17
Hence, the length and breadth of the rectangle are 17 units and 9 units
respectively.
VI. Problems based on fractions

The denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. When
both the numerator and denominator are decreased by 6, then the
denominator becomes 12 times the numerator. Determine the fraction.
Solution
Let the numerator and denominator of the fraction be x and y respectively.
Then, Fraction = x/y
It is given that
Denominator = 2 (Numerator) + 4
98
Mathematics
ALLEN
Þ y = 2x + 4
Þ 2x – y + 4 = 0
According to the given condition, we have
y – 6 = 12(x – 6)
Þ y – 6 = 12x – 72
Þ 12x – y – 66 = 0
Thus, we have the following system of equations
2x – y + 4 = 0 ...(1)
12x – y – 66 = 0 ...(2)
Subtracting equation (1) from equation (2), we get
10x – 70 = 0 Þx=7
Putting x = 7 in equation (1), we get
14 – y + 4 = 0 Þ y = 18
Hence, required fraction = 7/18.
99
ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
EXERCISE # 1
Multiple choice questions 11. The pair of equations 5x – 15y = 8 and
1. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically 24
3x – 9y = has
represents lines which are 5
(1) Parallel (2) Intersecting at (b,a) (1) One solution
(3) Coincident (4) Intersecting at (a,b)
(2) Two solutions
2. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the
lines will be (3) Infinitely many solutions
(1) Parallel (4) No solution
(2) Always coincident 12. The pair of equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and
(3) Intersecting or coincident – 3x – 6y + 1 = 0 have
(4) Always intersecting
(1) A unique solution
3. One equation of a pair of dependent linear
equations is – 5x + 7y = 2. The second equation (2) Exactly two solutions
can be (3) Infinitely many solutions
(1) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (2) – 10x – 14y + 4 = 0 (4) No solution
(3) – 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (4) 10x – 14y = – 4
13. Graphically, the pair of equations 6x – 3y + 10 = 0,
4. The pair of linear equations 2x + ky – 3 = 0, 2x – y + 9 = 0 represents two lines which are
2 (1) Intersecting at exactly one point
6x + y + 7 = 0 has a unique solution if
3
(2) Intersecting at exactly two points
2 2 2 2
(1) k = (2) k ¹ (3) k = (4) k ¹
3 3 9 9 (3) Coincident
5. The pair of equations 3x + 4y = k, 9x + 12y = 6 (4) Parallel
has infinitely many solutions if
14. The graphical representation of the pair of equations
(1) k = 2 (2) k = 6 (3) k ¹ 6 (4) k = 3
2x + 4y – 15 = 0 and x + 2y – 4 = 0 gives a pair of
6. The pair of linear equations 3x + 5y = 3,
6x + ky = 8 do not have any solution if (1) Parallel lines (2) Intersecting lines
(1) k = 5 (2) k = 10 (3) k ¹ 10 (4) k ¹ 5 (3) Coincident lines (4) None of these
7. The pair of linear equations 7x – 3y = 4, 15. If 2x – 3y = 7 and (a + b) x – (a + b – 3) y = 4a + b
k have infinite solutions (a,b) =
3x + y = 4 is consistent only when
7
(1) (–5, –1) (2) (–5, 1) (3) (5, 1) (4) (5, – 1)
(1) k = 9 (2) k = – 9 (3) k ¹ – 9 (4) k ¹ 7
16. The pair of equations 3x + 5y = 3 and 6x + ky = 8
8. The pair of linear equations 2x + ky = k,
have no solution if k =
4x + 2y = k + 1 has infinitely many solutions if
(1) 10 (2) 5 (3) – 5 (4) 0
(1) k = 1 (2) k ¹ 1 (3) k = 2 (4) k = 4
17. If 2x + 3y = 0 and 4x – 3y = 0, then x + y equals
9. The pair of linear equations x + y = 3, 2x + 5y = 12
has a unique solution x = x1, y = y1 then value of x1 (1) 0 (2) – 1 (3) 1 (4) 2
is 18. If bx + ay = a2 + b2 and ax – by = 0, then the value
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) – 1 (4) – 2 of (x – y) is
10. The pair of linear equations (1) a – b (2) b – a (3) a2 – b2 (4) b2 + a2
x + 2y = 5, 3x + 12y = 10 has 11
19. The equations x – y = 0.9 and = 2 have the
(1) Unique solution x+y
solution
(2) No solution
(3) More than two solutions (1) x = 5, y = 1 (2) x = 3.2 and y = 2.3
(4) Infinitely many solutions (3) x = 3, y = 2 (4) None of these
100
Mathematics
ALLEN
20. Three chairs and two tables cost Rs. 1850. Five 23. Six years hence a man's age will be three times the
chairs and three tables cost Rs. 2850. Then the age of his son and three years ago he was nine times
total cost of one chair and one table is as old as his son. The present age of the man is
(1) Rs. 800 (2) Rs. 850 (3) Rs. 900 (4) Rs. 950 (1) 28 years (2) 30 years
21. 5 pencils and 7 pens together cost Rs. 50 whereas
(3) 32 years (4) 34 years
7 pencils and 5 pens together cost Rs. 46. Thus
the cost of one pencil and one pen respectively is 24. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. If
(1) Rs. 5, Rs. 3 (2) Rs. 3, Rs. 5 27 is added to it, the digits of the number get
reversed. The number is
(3) Rs. 4, Rs. 4 (4) Rs. 2, Rs. 6
(1) 25 (2) 72 (3) 63 (4) 36
22. If the sum of the ages of a father and his son in
years is 65 and twice the difference of their ages in 25. The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds
years is 50, then the age of the father is the smaller by 24 degrees. Then the angles are
(1) 45 years (2) 40 years (1) 112°, 88° (2) 102°, 78°
(3) 50 years (4) 55 years (3) 92°, 68° (4) 122°, 98°
EXERCISE # 1 ANSWER KEY

Multiple choice questions
Que. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. 4 3 4 4 1 2 3 1 1 1 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
Que. 21 22 23 24 25
Ans. 2 1 2 4 2
101
ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
EXERCISE # 2
Short answer type questions 9. Find the value of k for which the system of
1. Solve the equation graphically equations kx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 3 has
(i) A unique solution
4 1
(i) x + y = 1, 5x + 2y = 13 (ii) No solution
9 3
10. Find the value of a and b for which the given system
(ii) x + 2y = 3, 2x + 4y = 15 of linear equation has an infinite number of solutions
(iii) 2x + 3y – 5 = 0, 6x + 9y – 15 = 0 (a) 2x + 3y = 7 and
2. Show graphically that the pair of equations (a – b) x + (a + b)y = 3a + b – 2
2x – 3y + 7 = 0, 6x – 9y + 21 = 0 has infinitely (b) (a + b)x – 2by = 5a + 2b + 1 and 3x – y = 14
many solutions. Based on substitution method
3. Show graphically that the pair of equations 11. Find the values of x and y
8x + 5y = 9, 16x + 10y = 27 has no solution. x + 3y = 13, 3x + y = 7
4. Find graphically whether the pair of equations 12. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x – y = 19, find the values of
24 3 5y – 2x and y/x – 2.
5x – 8y + 1 = 0, 3x – y+ = 0 has no 13. Solve 2x – y = 12 and x + 3y + 1 = 0 and hence
5 5
find the value of m for which y = mx + 3.
solution, unique solution or infinitely many solutions.
14. (i) 0.04 x + 0.02y = 5, 0.5x – 0.4y = 30
5. Determine by drawing graphs whether the
following pair of equations has a unique solution or 1 5x
(ii) (9x + 10y) = 23, – 2y = 3
not : 2x – 3y = 6, 4x – 6y = 9. If yes, find the 2 4
solution also.
6. Solve graphically the pair of equations (iii) 2x + 3y = 0, 3x – 8y = 0
x + 3y = 6, and 3x – 5y = 18. Hence, find the
x + 11 y+7
value of K if 7x + 3y = K. (iv) + 2y = 10, 3x = 8 +
7 11
a1 b1 c
7. On comparing the ratios , and 1 find out Based on elimination method
a 2 b2 c2
x 2y y
whether the lines representing the following pair 15. (i) + = –1 and x – = 3
2 3 3
of linear equations intersect at a point, are parallel
or coincident : bx ay
(ii) – + a + b = 0 and bx – ay + 2ab = 0
(i) 2x – y = 3 ; 4x – y = 5 a b
(ii) x + 2y = 8 ; 5x – 10y = 10 (iii) 2(ax – by) + (a + 4b) = 0 and 2(bx + ay)
(iii) 3x + 4y = – 2 ; 12x + 16y = – 8 + (b – 4a) = 0
(iv) ax – by = c1 ; bx + ay = c2 where a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0 16. (i) (a + 2b)x + (2a – b)y = 2 and (a – 2b)x

8. Find the value of k for which the given system of + (2a + b)y = 3
equations has
(i) a unique solution. (ii) 7x + 11y = 0 and 3x – 5y = 0
(a) (k – 3)x + 3y = k ; kx + ky = 12 (iii) 0.5x + 0.7y = 0.74 and 0.3x + 0.5y = 0.5
(b) x – ky = 2; 3x + 2y = – 5 Based on cross-multiplication method
(ii) no solution.
x y x 5y
(a) kx + 2y – 1 = 0 ; 5x – 3y + 2 = 0 17. (i) – + 4 = 0, – + 12 = 0
2 3 2 3
(b) kx + 3y = k – 3 ; 12x + ky = k
(iii) infinite number of solutions. (ii) ax + by + a = 0, bx + ay + b = 0
(a) 5x + 2y = 2k and 2(k + 1) x + ky = (3k + 4) x y x y
(b) 10x + 5y – (k – 5) = 0 and 20x + 10y – k = 0 (iii) + = 0, – = 4
a b a b
(c) kx + 3y = k – 3 and 12x + ky = k
(iv) x + y = a + b, ax – by = a2 – b2
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Mathematics
ALLEN
Long answer type questions Based on numbers
18. Solve the following pair of equations graphically : 27. In a two digit number, the ten’s digit is three times
x + y = 4, 3x – 2y = – 3 the unit’s digit. When the number is decreased by
Shade the region bounded by the lines representing 54, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
the above equations and x-axis. 28. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 15.
19. Solve graphically the following pair of equations : The number obtained by reversing the order of
x – y = 1, 2x + y = 8. Shade the area bounded by digits of the given number exceeds the given number
these lines and the y-axis. by 9. Find the given number.
20. On the same axes, draw the graph of each of the 29. The sum of a two digit number and the number
following equations : formed by interchanging its digits is 110. If 10 is
2y – x = 8, 5y – x = 14, y – 2x = 1. Hence, obtain subtracted from the first number, the new number
the vertices of the triangle so formed. is 4 more than 5 times the sum of its digits in the
21. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations : first number. Find the first number.
4x – 3y + 4 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0. Find the area Based on fractions
of the region bounded by these lines and x-axis. 30. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a
Based on equations reducible to linear fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. If the
equations. Solve for x and y numerator and denominator are increased by 3,
they are in the ratio 2 : 3. Determine the fraction.
1 1 2 1 1 1
22. (i) – = ; – = 31. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a
3x 7y 3 2x 3y 6
fraction is 3 less than twice the denominator. If the
(ii) 6x + 5y = 8xy ; 8x + 3y = 7xy numerator and denominator are decreased by 1,
the numerator becomes half the denominator.
x–y x+y
(iii) = 9; =5 Determine the fraction.
xy xy
Based on ages
(iv) 9 + 25xy = 53x ; 27 – 4xy = x
32. Five years hence, father's age will be three times
24 13 26 8 the age of his son. Five years ago, father was seven
23. (i) – = 2; + =3
2x + y 3x + 2y 3x + 2y 2x + y times as old as his son. Find their present ages.
33. A and B are friends and their ages differ by 2 years.
2 y -2 3 2(y – 2) 47 A's father D is twice as old as A and B is twice as
(ii) + = 2; + =
x –1 4 2(x – 1) 5 20 old as his sister C. The age of D and C differ by
40 years. Find the ages of A and B.
(iii) 217x + 131y = 913 and 131x + 217y
= 827 Based on time, distance and speed
34. Points A and B are 80 km apart from each other
(iv) 47x + 31y = 63 and 31x + 47y = 15
on a highway. A car starts from A and another from
Based on articles and their costs
B at the same time. If they move in the same

24. A and B each have a certain number of mangoes.
direction, they meet in 8 hours and if they move in
A says to B," if you give 30 of your mangoes, I will
opposite directions, they meet in one hour and
have twice as many as left with you." B replies,"if
twenty minutes. Find the speeds of the two cars.
you give me 10, I will have thrice as many as left 35. The boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km
with you." How many mangoes does each have ? downstream in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go
25. A man has only 20 paisa coins and 25 paisa coins in 40 km upstream and 55 km downstream. Determine
his purse. If he has 50 coins in all totalling Rs.11.25, the speed of stream and that of the boat in still water.
how many coins of each kind does he have? 36. A man walks a certain distance with certain speed.
26. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first
three days and an additional charge for each day 1
If he walks km an hour faster, he takes 1 hour
thereafter. Saritha paid Rs.27 for a book kept for 2
seven days, while Susy paid Rs.21 for the book she less. But, if he walks 1 km an hour slower, he takes
kept for five days. Find the fixed charge and the 3 more hours. Find the distance covered by the
charge for each extra day. man and his original rate of walking.
103
ICSE : Class IX
ALLEN
37. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform 39. Find the four angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD
speed. If the train would have been 6 km/h faster, in which ÐA = (2x – 1)°, ÐB = (y + 5)°,
it would have taken 4 hours less than the scheduled ÐC = (2y + 15)° and ÐD = (4x – 7)°.
time. And, if the train were slower by 6 km/h, it 40. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 square
would have taken 6 hours more than the scheduled units if its length is reduced by 5 units and the
time. Find the length of the journey. breadth is increased by 3 units. If we increase the
Based on geometrical applications length by 3 units and breadth by 2 units, the area is
38. In a DABC, ÐA = x°, ÐB = 3x° and ÐC = y°. If increased by 67 square units. Find the length and
3y – 5x = 30, prove that the triangle is right angled. breadth of the rectangle.
EXERCISE # 2 ANSWER KEY

Short answer type questions
1. (i) x = 3, y = – 1, (ii) No solution (iii) Infinite number of solutions 4. Infinitely many solutions 5. No
6. x = 6, y = 0; K = 42 7. (i) intersect at a point (ii) intersect at a point (iii) coincident, (iv) intersect at a point
8. (i) (a) k ¹ 6 (b) k ¹ –2/3, (ii) (a) k = –10/3 (b) k = – 6, (iii) (a) k = 4 (b) k = 10 (c) k = 6
9. (i) k ¹ 3 (ii) k = 3 10.(a) a = 5, b = 1 (b) a = 5, b = 1 11. x = 1, y = 4 12. 31, – 5/7 13.x = 5, y = – 2, – 1
14. (i) x = 100, y = 50, (ii) x = 4, y = 1, (iii) x = y = 0, (iv) x = 3, y = 4
15. (i) x = 2, y = – 3 , (ii) x = – a, y = b, (iii) x = –1/2, y = 2
5b - 2a a + 10b
16. (i) x = ,y= (ii) x = 0, y = 0, (iii) x = 0.5, y = 0.7
10ab 10ab
17. (i) x = – 4, y = 6, (ii) x = – 1, y = 0, (iii) x = 2a, y = – 2b (iv) x = a, y = b

Long answer type questions

18. x = 1, y = 3 19. x = 3, y = 2 20. (2, 5), (–4, 2), (1, 3) 21. 12 sq. units
22. (i) x = 1/5, y = 1/7, (ii) x = 1, y = 2, (iii) x = –1/2, y = 1/7, (iv) x = 3, y = 2,
23. (i) x = 3, y = 2, (ii) x = 3, y = 6, (iii) x = 3, y = 2, (iv) x = 2, y = – 1
24. A : 34 mangoes, B : 62 mangoes 25. 25 coins of each kind. 26. Rs.15, Rs.3 27. 93 28. 78 29. 64
30. 5/9 31. 4/7 32. Father's age = 40 years, Son's age = 10 years.
1 1
33. A's age = 27 years, B's age = 29 years or A's age = 26 years, B's age = 24 years
3 3
34. 35 km/h & 25 km/hr 35. Speed of boat = 8 km/h & Speed of stream = 3 km/hr
36. Distance = 36 km, Original speed = 4 km/hr 37. 720 km 39. ÐA = 65°, ÐB = 55°, ÐC = 115°, ÐD = 125°
40. Length = 17 units breadth = 9 units
104

Linear Equations in Two Variables

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Linear Equations in Two Variables

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Mathematics

Department of Wild Life

6.1 Simultaneous linear equations in two variables

a22 + b22 ¹ 0 and x, y are variables.

Ex. x = 2, y = 3 is a solution of the system of simultaneous linear equations.

(0,4) (1,4) (2,4) (3,4) (4,4) (5,4)

(0,3) (1,3) (2,3) (3,3) (4,3) (5,3)

(0,2) (1,2) (2,2) (3,2) (4,2) (5,2)

x' a 1x x (0,0) (1,0) (2,0) (3,0) (4,0) (5,0)

a 2x (ii) The 2 lines are parallel.

Verbal Number of + Number of Total number

Price of Number of + Price of • Number of = Total

Labels Number of type A = x (violins) Fig. 4

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.2

RAILS Two rails are represented by the equations x + 2y – 6 = 0 and

6.3 Solving system of equations by graphing

–4 Solve the following systems of equations by graphing.

–4 The graph is shown alongside (see fig.10).

Club Current daily visits Increase (daily visits per month)

Verbal Daily = Current visits + Increase for Number of

Daily = Current visits + Increase for Number of

Labels Daily visits = V (daily visits)

Consi stent sy stem : A syst em of e quat i on s wi th at least one

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.2

(i) 2x + 5y = 17 (ii) x – 3y – 3 = 0 (iii) 4x + 6y = 7

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.3

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.4

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.6

6.6 Algebraic solution by substitution method

Price of Number Price of Number Total

Labels Number of adults = x

6.7 Algebraic solution by elimination method

method, we follow the following steps:

BUILDING CONCEPTS 6.8

Gold Gold Silver Silver Total

Labels Volume of gold = G (cubic centimeters)

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.7

Type-II : au + bv = cuv and a'u + b'v = c'uv " a,b,c,a',b',c'ÎR

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.9

I. Problems based on articles and their costs

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.11

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.12

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.13

32u + 36v = 7 ...(3)

Labels The speed of train = x (kilometre per hour)

Algebraic 250 + 120 = 4 ...(1)

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.15

NUMERICAL ABILITY 6.16

EXERCISE # 1 ANSWER KEY

(iv) ax – by = c1 ; bx + ay = c2 where a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0 16. (i) (a + 2b)x + (2a – b)y = 2 and (a – 2b)x

B at the same time. If they move in the same

EXERCISE # 2 ANSWER KEY

17. (i) x = – 4, y = 6, (ii) x = – 1, y = 0, (iii) x = 2a, y = – 2b (iv) x = a, y = b

Long answer type questions

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