GOAL REPORT: PROJECT SEMESTER

On
OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND SYNCHRONIZATION OF DG SET AT A SUBSTATION

Submitted by
Kanishtha Sharma
102004062

Under the Guidance of

Host Mentor Faculty Supervisor

Virendra Kumar Dr. Deepti Mittal
Scientist Associate Professor
CSIR-CSIO, Sector-30, Chandigarh TIET

2019

Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department

Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
(Declared as Deemed-to-be-University u/s 3 of the UGC Act., 1956)
Post Bag No. 32, Patiala – 147004
Punjab (India)
1. Engineering Problems/ Opportunity being addressed:

A Diesel Generator (DG) set, commonly referred to as a genset, is a type of backup

power system that generates electricity using a diesel engine coupled with an
alternator. DG sets are widely used in various applications, including commercial
buildings, industries, residential complexes, hospitals, and telecommunications, to
provide reliable backup power during grid outages or as a primary power source in
remote locations. The problem with the manual DG sets were dependency on human
intervention which led to potential delays in response to power outages and increased
the risk of errors and inconsistencies in operating procedures.

The following are the highlights of the drawbacks with the preliminary techniques:
1. Dependence on manual intervention for starting, stopping, and monitoring the
generator.
2. Potential delays or errors in response to power outages or load fluctuations
3. Increased risk of human error in operating and maintaining the DG set.
4. Lack of real-time data monitoring and remote-control capabilities.

After describing the drawbacks in brief, the engineering problem/ opportunity at our
hand are to:

1. Implement an automatic control system to reduce dependency on manual

intervention.
2. Minimize the risk of errors and inconsistencies by standardizing operating
procedures and automating repetitive tasks.
3. Optimize maintenance scheduling and procedures to ensure the continued
performance and longevity of the DG set.
4. Enhance safety by implementing fail-safe mechanisms and emergency shutdown
procedures in case of system abnormalities.
5. Maximize cost-effectiveness by reducing fuel consumption and operational
downtime through automation and optimization strategies.

The following are the advantages of the proposed application that will be used for the
analysis:

1. Automated operation ensures consistent performance, reducing errors during

power outages.
2. Enhances efficiency by automatic detection and response minimize downtime
during faults.
3. Will result in cost savings as reduced labor, downtime, and energy consumption
lower operational costs.
4. The application accommodates future growth and changing requirements.

2. Project Goals and Objectives:

The following are the goals of the project:

1. Understand the operation and working of DG sets.
2. Understand the principles and applications of PLCs, SCADA systems, and other
automation technologies in industrial settings.
 3. Detail the synchronization process for the DG set with the main power supply or
other generators to ensure seamless integration and load sharing.
4. Implement predictive maintenance techniques such as condition monitoring and
data analytics to predict equipment failures and schedule maintenance proactively.
5. Gaining insights into the operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting of power
generation systems, including DG sets.
6. Understanding energy management concepts and techniques to optimize energy
usage, improve efficiency, and reduce operational costs in power systems.

3. Proposed Methodologies:

The tasks that are to be completed for the successful implementation of the project:
1. Understanding the principles and applications of PLCs, SCADA systems, and
other automation technologies for the project.
2. Installation of automatic control systems and sensors to monitor parameters such
as voltage, frequency, and fuel levels.
3. Integrate energy management systems to optimize energy usage, improve
efficiency, and reduce operational costs associated with running the DG set.
4. Understand the analysis that has to be performed using the basic principles of
Energy Management Systems(EMS).
5. Development of preventive maintenance schedules and procedures to ensure the
continued reliability and performance of the DG set.

The layout of the application:

The layout of the application is comprised of the following elements:

To illustrate how the automatic DG set system is integrated into the overall power
supply infrastructure, let's consider a simplified diagram and explanation:

1.Primary Power Supply: The primary power supply typically consists of the main
electrical grid or utility power source. This is the primary source of electricity for the
facility or site.

2.Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS): An automatic transfer switch is installed

between the primary power supply and the DG set. It detects power outages from the
primary source and automatically switches the load to the DG set when the primary
power fails.

3.Diesel Generator (DG) Set: The DG set comprises a diesel engine coupled with an
alternator to generate electricity. It serves as the backup power source when the
primary power supply fails.

4.Control Panel: A control panel is installed to monitor and control the operation of
the DG set. It includes components such as controllers, sensors, and displays to
manage the start-up, shutdown, and synchronization processes.
5.Automatic Start/Stop System: An automatic start/stop system is integrated into the
control panel to automatically start the DG set when a power outage is detected and
stop it when the primary power is restored.

6.Redundancy and Safety Measures: Redundancy measures, such as backup batteries

or redundant ATS units, may be incorporated to ensure uninterrupted power supply in
case of equipment failures.

Figure 1: The proposed layout of the application

The proposed layout of the the application:

The automatic DG set system comprises several key components working together to
ensure reliable backup power supply. At its core is the generator unit, which consists
of a diesel engine coupled with an alternator to generate electricity during power
outages. The control panel serves as the brain of the system, housing controllers,
sensors, and displays to monitor and control the operation of the DG set.
Synchronization equipment, such as synchronizing relays or controllers, ensures
proper synchronization between the DG set and the primary power supply before
connecting to the load. Auxiliary systems, including automatic start/stop systems and
monitoring and alarming systems, enhance the functionality and safety of the overall
system. Together, these components form an integrated solution that seamlessly
integrates into the power supply infrastructure, providing reliable backup power when
needed.
4. Plan for the completion of the project semester:

The following is the plan for completion of the project semester:

1. 1-1.5 months for learning basic concepts and get familiarized with the concepts of
DG set working,operations and maintenance techniques to complete the project
2. 1-1.5 months for GUI generation.
3. 1 month for generation of algorithm for analysis.
4. 1 month for testing, troubleshooting and report generation.