Name : Muhammad Zohaib Tariq

Roll No : BS-CRM-23-11
Discipline : Criminology
Semester : 1st
Subject : Introduction to
Criminology
Topic : Basic concepts of Crime
and Criminology
 Outline
1- Introduction
1.1- Crime
1.2- Criminology
2- Concepts of Criminology

2.1- Father of Criminology

2.2- Nature of Criminology

2.3- Scope of Criminology

2.4- Meaning of Criminology

2.5- Focuses of Criminology

3- Types of Crime & Criminals

 Introduction

Crime:-
• Crime is an illegal action or activity for
which a person can be punished by law.
• Crime is a behaviour that violates official
law and is punishable through formal
sanctions.
• An act or omission prohibited and
punished by law

Criminology:-
Criminology is the scientific study of crime
and criminal behaviour including the extent and
nature of crime ,causes of criminology ,
consequences of criminology , prevention of
criminology and reactions to crime by the criminal
justice system.
Concepts of Criminology

Father of Criminology:-
▪ The Father of Criminology is Cesare
Lombroso.
▪ He was an Italian sociologist.
▪ He was working on criminology in late
19th century.

Nature of Criminology:-
Scope of Criminology :-
❖ Study of the origin and advancement of
criminal law and penal law.
❖ Study the origins of crimes and
development of criminals.

Meaning of Criminology:-
➢ Criminology is derived from the Latin word
‘crimen’ which means “accusation” , and
the transliterated Greek word ‘logia’ which
denotes “the study of ” .
➢ Criminology is the branch of sociology.
It is the scientific study of crime, including its
causes, responses by law enforcement, and
methods of prevention. It is a sub group of
sociology, which is the scientific study of social
behaviour.
➢ There are many fields of study that are used in
the field of criminology, including biology,
statistics, psychology, psychiatry, economics
and anthropology.
Focuses of Criminology:-
▪ Frequency of crimes
▪ Location of crimes
▪ Causes of crimes
▪ Types of crimes
▪ Social and individual consequences of crimes
▪ Social reactions to crime
▪ Individual reactions to crime
▪ Governmental reaction to crime

Types of Crime &

Criminals
Crime:
1. Violent crime
2. Property crime
3. White collar crime
4. Organized crime
5. Victimless crime
Criminals:
1. Occasional criminal
2. Habitual criminal
3. Professional criminal
4. Organizational criminal