Solid waste degradation

Solid waste degradation refers to the natural process of breaking down and decomposing of solid
waste materials. This process occurs due to the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi
and insects, which break down organic matter into simpler substances.

The degradation of solid waste is a critical aspect of waste management, as it helps to reduce the
amount of waste that needs to be disposed of in landfills. In addition, the degradation of waste
can also result in the production of useful by-products such as compost, which can be used as a
natural fertilizer for crops and plants.

However, the process of solid waste degradation can also result in negative environmental
impacts. For example, the degradation of organic matter in landfills can release methane, a
potent greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. In addition, the degradation of waste can also result
in the release of toxic substances, such as heavy metals, which can contaminate the surrounding
soil and water.

To mitigate the negative impacts of solid waste degradation, it is important to implement

effective waste management strategies. This can include practices such as composting, recycling
and proper disposal of hazardous waste.

Composting is a natural process that accelerates the degradation of organic matter, such as food
waste and yard waste, into a useful fertilizer. By composting, the organic matter can be broken
down more quickly, reducing the amount of waste that needs to be disposed of in landfills (1).

Recycling is the recovery and reuse of materials from wastes. Solid waste recycling refers to the
reuse of manufactured goods from which resources such as steel, copper, or plastics can be
recovered and reused (2).

Proper disposal of hazardous waste is also critical, as these materials can pose a threat to the
environment and human health if not handled and disposed of properly. Hazardous waste should
be properly segregated, stored and transported to a licensed disposal facility for safe disposal (3).

In conclusion, solid waste degradation is a natural process that can have both positive and
negative impacts on the environment. Effective waste management strategies, such as
composting, recycling and proper disposal of hazardous waste, can help to mitigate these impacts
and ensure a more sustainable future.

Ref
1. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/composting-101
2. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-
maps/solid-waste-recycling-and-recovery
3. https://www.texasdisposal.com/blog/hazardous-waste-disposal/
By: Moe Thazin Shwe, SOLEN Research Associate – IPC panel member
Edited by: Hendra WINASTU, SOLEN Principal Associate – IPC panel coordinator
Date: 2 February 2023
Article#: SOLEN-IPC-0009