Linear Albegra QLP Email

INSTITUTE FOR IAS/IFOS EXAMINATIONS
MATHEMATICS OPTIONAL
By
K. VENKANNA
WORKSHEET - 1
LINEAR ALGEBRA
QLP
(QUICK LEARNING PROGRAMME FOR MAINS-2016)
Scoring Maximum Marks in Main-2016
FEATURES OF MATHEMATICS PROGRAMME
• Class Timings – 9:30 AM – 5:30 PM.
• Atleast one day one module to be discussed (Expected)
• A question based approach to be followed.
• Pin-pointed formulas to be provided.
• 15-20 problems to be provided on each formula set.
• Time-bound problem solving sessions.
• On board discussion sessions to be followed there after.
• Around 50-100 problems expected to be solved per session.
• Only problems to be discussed, no concept explanation.
• Sessions will be from Monday to Friday.
H.O. : 25/8, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi-110060 Ph. : 011-45629987, 9999197625
B.O.: 105-106, Top Floor, Mukherjee Tower, Mukherjee Nagar, Delhi-09
B.O.: H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor,
Room No. 202, R.L’S-Kancham’s Blue Supphire, Ashok Nagar, Hyderabad-20.
IAS MATHEMATICS (MAINS): TOPIC-WISE PRACTICE SETS (2)
WORKSHEET - 1
VECTOR SPACES
Topics to be covered:
Vector Space, Subspace, Algebra of Subspaces,
Linear Combination of Vectors, Linear Span of Vectors,
Smallest Subspace containing any Subset of a vector Space. Linear dependence
of Vectors & Linear Independence of Vectors and their properties.
1. The vectors V1 = (1,1,2,4), V2 = (2,–1, –5, (ii) Let T be a linear transformation from a
2), V3 = (1,–1,–4,0) and V4 = (2,1,1,6) are vector space V over reals into V such
linearly independent. Is it true? Justify your that T  T 2  I . Show that T is invertible.
answer.
5. Let S be a non empty set and let V denote
2. Find one vector in R3 which generates the the set of all functions from S into R. show
intersection of V and W, where V is the xy
that V is a vector space with respect to the
plane and W is the space generated by the
vector addition
vectors (1, 2, 3) and (1, –1, 1).
( f  g )( x)  f ( x )  g ( x ) and scalar
3. (i) Let V be the vector space of all 2×2 multiplication (cf )( x )  cf ( x)
matrices over the field of real numbers.
Let W be the set consisting of all 6. Let S be any non-empty subset of a vector
matrices with zero determinant. Is W a space V over the field F.
subspace of V? Show that the set
Justify your answer.
(ii) Find the dimension and a basis for the a11  a2 2  ....  an n : a1 , a2 ,...., an  F ,
space W of all solutions of the following 1 ,  2 ,... n  S , n  N  is the subspace
homogeneous system using matrix
generated by S.
notation:
x1  2 x2  3x3  2 x4  4 x5  0 7. Show that the vectors (1, 0, -1), (0, -3, 2)
2x  4x  8x  x  9x  0 and (1, 2, 1) form a basis for the vector space
1 2 3 4 5
R3(R).
3x  6 x  13x  4 x  14 x  0
1 2 3 4 5
8. Let V be the vector space of functions from
4. (i) In the n-space IRn, determine whether R to IR (the real numbers). Show that f, g, h
or not the set in V are linearly independent where
{e1  e2 , e2  e3 ..., en 1  en , en  e1} f (t )  e 2 t , g (t )  t 2 and h(t )  t
is linearly independent.
H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

B.O.: 105-106, Top Floor, Mukherjee Tower, Dr. Mukherjee Nagar, delhi-9
Ph : 011-45629987, 09999197625 || Email : ims4ims2010@gmail.com, www.ims4maths. com
9. If w is a subspace of a finite dimensional basis for IR3 . Express v   3,1, 4  as a linear

space V, then prove that
dim v/w = dimv -dimw combination of v1 , v2 and v3 . Is the set
S  v, v1 , v2 , v3 linearly independent ?
10. Find a maximal linearly independent
subsystem in the system of vectors: 17. Let C(IR) be the vector space of complex
V1 = (2, –2, –4); V2 = (1, 9, 3) ; V3 = (–2, –4, 1)
numbers over the field of real numbers.
and V4 = (3, 7, –1)
Under what conditions of the real numbers
11. Let V be the vector space of polynomials of  ,  , , in the set
degr ee  3 . Determine whether the S    i  ,   i  , i  ( 1)
following vectors of V are linearly
do we have L(s )  C ( IR)
dependent or independent:
where L(s) denotes the linear spans of S?
u  t3  3t 2  5t  1 , Justify your answer
v  t 3  t 2  8t  2 ,
18. Find the values of k for which the vector
w  2t 3  4t 2  9t  5. (1,1,1,1), (1, 3, –2, k).
(2, 2k–2, –k–2, 3k–1) and (3, k+2, –3, 2k+1)
12. Show that u 1 =(1,–1,0), u 2 =(1,1,0) and are linearly independent in 4 .
u3=(0,1,1) from a basis for  . Express (5,
3
3, 4) in terms of u 1 , u 2 and u 3 . 19. Let  = (1, 1, –2, 1), – 

–1, 2, 5, 2
13. Let V  3 and 1  (1,1, 2) ,  2  (0,1,3) , Let  = (4, –5, 9, –7),    –  
–1, 1, 0, 1
 3  (2, 4,5) and  4  (1,0, 1) be the
(i) Which of the vectors  are in the
elements of V. Find a basis for the subspaces of R4 spanned by the i ?
intersection of the subspace spanned by (ii) Which of the vectors  are in the
{1 ,  2 } and { 3 ,  4 } . suspaces of C4 spanned by the i ?
(iii) Does this suggest a theorem?
14. Show that the set of all functions which 20. Let W be the set of all (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5) in R5
satisfy the differential equation which satisfy
d2 f df 2x1 – x2 +
4
x –x  0
 3  0 is a vector space. 3 3 4
dx 2 dx
2
x1 + x –x  0
15. Show that vectors  0,2, 4 , 1, 2, 1 , 1, 4,3 3 3 5
are linearly dependent. Also express 9x1 – 3x2 + 6x3 – 3x4 – 3x5 = 0, find a finite
set of verctors which spans W.
 0, 2, 4  as a linear combination of
1, 2, 1 and 1, 4,3. 21. Are the vectors
1 = (1, –1, –2, 4), 2 = (2, –1, –5, 2),
3 = (1, –1, – 4, 0), 4 = (2, 1, 1, 6)
16. Show that the vectors
lineraly independent in 4 , Also find a basis
v1  1,1,1 , v2   0,1,1 , v3   0, 0,1 for m a
for the subspace of 4 spanned by the four
vectors.

22. Show that the vectors X1 = (1. 1 + i, i), =

(i, – i 1– i) and X3 = (0, 1–2i, 2 – i) in C3 are
linearly independent over the field of real
numbers but are linearly dependent over the
field of complex numbers.
23. Find two subspaces A and B of V   4 ( )

such that dim A=2, dim B=3 and dim
 A  B   1.
a 0  
24. Show that the sets w1    a   .
a 0 
 
0 a 
w2    a   are subspaces of the
0
 a 

vector space M2 of 2x2 matrices over  .
25. Let R+ be the set of all positive real numbers.

Define the operations of addition and scalar
multiplication as follows:
u  v  u.v for all u , v  R 
 u  u  for all u  R 
and real scalar  . prove that R+ is a real
vector space.


By
K. VENKANNA
WORKSHEET - 2
LINEAR ALGEBRA
QLP
B.O.: H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor,
WORKSHEET - 2
BASIS AND DIMENSION
Basis, Finite dimensional Vector Space (FDVS), Infinite Dimensional Vector
Space (IDVS) Dimension of a vector Space & its related theorems.
Like: Basis Existence Theorem, Basis Extension etc.
Echelon form of a Matrix, row reduced echelon form of a Matrix etc.
1. Suppose U and W are distinct four- {t3 + 4t2 – t + 3, t3 +5t2 + 5, 3t3 + 10t2 – 5t + 5}
dimensional subspaces of a vector space V, and {t3 + 4t2 + 6, 2t2 – t + 5, 2t3 + 2t2 – 3t + 9)
where dim V = 6. Find the possible recpectively. Find
dimensions of U  W. (10)  i  dim U  W 
2. Find the dimension and a basis of the solution  ii  dim U  W  .
space W of the system
x  2 y  2 z  s  3t  0, 6. If S and T are subspace of IR 4 given by
x  2 y  3z  s  t  0,
3x  6 y  8 z  s  5t  0

S   x, y, z, w   IR4 : 2 x  y  3z  w  0 
and
3. Let V be the vector space of 2  2 matrices
over the field of real numbers  . Let
W   A  V Trace A  0 . Show that W is a

T   x, y, z, w   IR 4 : x  2 y  z  3w  0 , 
subspace of V. Find a basis of W and find dim(S  T ).
dimension of W.
7. Suppose U and W are subspaces of the vector
4. Show that the vectors 1  1, 0, 1 , space IR 4  IR  generated by the sets
 2  1, 2,1 ,  3  0, 3, 2  form a basis for 3 . B1  1,1,0, 1 , 1,2,3,0  ,  2,3,3, 1
Find the components of 1,0,0  w.r.t the basis B2  1, 2, 2, 2  ,  2,3, 2, 3 , 1,3, 4, 3 
1 , 2 ,3  . recpectively. Determine dim U  W  .
5. Let V be the vector space of polynomials 8. Show that the solutions of the differential
over R. Let U and W be the subspaces d2y dy
generated by equation 2 9  2y  0 is a subspace
dx 2 dx

of the vectorspace of all real valued

continuous functions. 16. Let = {(a, b, c, d)/ b + c + d = 0 } and w =
{(a, b, c, d)/ a + b = 0, c = 2d} are the
9. Let V be the real vector space of all subspaces of R4.
polynomials in one variable with real Find the dimension and basis of
coefficients and of degree less than, or equal (i) 
to, 5. Let W be the subspace defined by (ii) w
W   p V | p(1)  p '(2)  0 . (iii)   w
What is the dimension of W?
17. Let W be the subspace of R4 generated by
10. Let U and W be subspaces of IR3 for which vectors (1, –2, 5, –3), (2, 3, 1, –4) and
dim U = , dim w = 2. and U  W . Show (3, 8, – 3, –5). Find a basis and dimension of
W. Extend this basis of W to a basis of R4.
that IR3 = U + w and U W  0.
18. (i) Let V be the set of real numbers. Regard
11. Find a basis for  that contains vectors
4
V as a vector space over the field of
v  [1,2,0,0] and u  [0,0,1,2]. rational numbers, with the usual
operations. Prove that this vector space
12. Suppose U and W are distinct four- is not finite-dimensional.
dimensional subspaces of a vector space V, (ii) Is F[x] finite dimensional ? Justify.
where dim V = 6. Find the possible
dimensions of U  W.. 19. Take V = P 3 , the space oif all real
polynomials of degree at most 3. Let U be
13. Find a basis for a subspace U of V in the the subspace of P 3 consisting of those
folliwng polynomials of P 3 consisting of those
polynomials of P 3 whose first derivatives
(i) U =  x1, x2 , x3, x4 , x5  V5 / vanish at x = 1. Determine the subspaces U,
W, U W, U + W, in terms of dimension,
 x1  x2  x3  0  bvasis, and the extensionof each of these
  , V  V5 bases to a basis for V = P3.
3 x1 – x4  7 x5  0 
(ii) U = {p  4/ p(x0) = 0}, V = 4 , where 20. (i) Let {a1, a2, a3, a4) : a1   , i = 1, 2, 3, 4
 4 is the set of all polynomials of degree and a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 = 0}
4.
and   a1 ,a 2 ,a 3 ,a 4  : a i  ,
14. Show that the subspaces of IR3 spanned by i = 1, 2, 3, 4, and a1 – a2 + a3 – a4 = 0
two sets of vectors {(1, 1, –1), (1, 0,1) and Find a bvasis for S   .
{1, 2, –3}, (5, 2, 1)} are identical. Also find (ii) Determine diagonal matrix orthogonally
the dimension of this subspace. similar to the following real symmetric
15. Show that the set 7 0  2

 
P[t] = {at2 + bt + c/a, b, c  } matrix A   0 5 1 obtaining
 
forms a vector space over the field  . Find 2 2 6 
 
a basis for this vector space. What is the
dimension of this vector space? also the transforming matrix.

21. (i) Let k be a real number, and let A be the 1 2 3 

A   2 4 6  . Also write the resulting
1 1 1   
   3 6 9 

matrix A  1 2 k  Determine all
  diagonal matrix.
1 4 k 2  24. Let V and W be subspaces of R3 defined as
follows :
values of k for which the linea r
V = {(a, b, c) / b + 2c = 0}, W = {(a, b, c) /
1 1 1 x   5  a + b + c = 0)
    
  y  10 Find bases and dimentions of V, W, V  W.
system  1 2 k     has Hence prove that V + W = R3
    
1 4 k  z  21
2
25. (i) Find the largest possible number of
exactly one solution. independent vectors among
4
(ii) Let W   be the subspace defined 1 1 1
by W  x   4 : Ax  0 where  
1
 
0
 
0
v    v    v   
1 0 2 1 3 0
 2 1 2 3      
A   0   0   1
1 1 3 0 Write down a basis
for W.
0 0 0
 1      
22. (i) Given that the matrix   has 1 as 1
v   
1
v   
0
v   
 2 3 4 1 5 6
0 1 .
     
an eigenvalue, compute its trace and its  0   1  1
determinant.
(ii) Find a basis for  4 that contains vectors
v = [1, 2, 0, 0] and u = [0, 0, 1, 2]. (ii) Do the vectors (1, 1, 3), (2, 3, 6) and
(1, 4, 3) form a basis for R3 ?
23. (a) Let A and B be two subspaces of  3 (  ) 26. Let V and W be the following subspaces of
generated by the sets R4 : V  {(a, b, c, d ) / b  2c  d  0}, .
S1  1, 2, 1 ,  3, 1, 5 ,  3,  4, 7  W  {(a, b, c, d ) / a  d , b  2c}
and Find bases and dimensions of V , W and
S2  1, 0,  1 , 1, 2, 1 ,  0,  3, 2 V  W . Hence prove that R4  V  W .
respectively. 27. Describel the four subspaces of R3 associated

Determine (i) dim (A+B) (ii) dim
with
 A  B  0 1 0
(b) Find an orthogonal matrix that will  
A  0 0 1  and
diagonalize the real symmetric matrix  
 0 0 0
 

 1 1 0
 
I  A   0 1 1
 
 0 0 1
 
28. Find a basis for the following subspaces

of R41
(i) The vectors for which x1 + x2 + x3 = 0
and x3 + x4 = 0.
(ii) The subspace spanned by (1, 1, 1, 1),
(1, 2, 3, 4) and (2, 3, 4, 5).
29. Find a basis for a subspace U of V in the

following.
 x  x  x  0 
(i) U  (x , x , x , x , x5) V5 1 2 3 ,V = V5
1 2 3 4 3x  x  7x5  0
 1 4 
(ii) U   p P p( x0 )  0 ,V  P4.
Where P4 is the set of all polynomials of

degree  4 .
30. Let V be the vector space of 2×2 matrices

over the field of real numbers .
Let W   A  V Trace A=0 . Show that w
is a subspace of V. Find a basis for w and
dimension.

By
K. VENKANNA
WORKSHEET - 3
LINEAR ALGEBRA
QLP
B.O.: H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor,
IAS MATHEMATICS (MAINS): TOPIC-WISE PRACTICE SETS [2]
WORKSHEET - 3
LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS
Linear Transformations and their elementary properties.
Range and Null Space of Linear Transformation, Dimension of range space and
Kernal (Null PSace), Singular and Non-Singular Linear Transformation and
Inverse of Linear Transformation Matrix of Linear Transformation etc.
1. (i) Find an upper triangular matrix A such that 4. Prove that g : P2 P3 defined as follows is
linear. Find the kernel and range of g. Give
 8 –57 
A3 =  0 bases for these subspaces
 27 
g(a2 x2 + a1 x + a0) = (a2 – a1)x3 + a1 x + 2a0.
(ii) Let G be the linear operator on 3 defined
by 5. Consider the linear transformation T : R3 
G(x, y, z) = (2y + z, x – 4y, 3x) R2 defined by T(x, y ,z) = (x –y, x + z). Find
Find the matrix representation of G relative the matrix of T with respect to the bases (u1,
to the basis u2, u3) and {u1, u2} of R3 and R2, where
S= {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0), (1, 0 ,0)} u1 = (1, –1, 0), u2 = (2, 0, 1), u3 = (1,2, 1) and
u1= (–1, 0), u2 = (0, 1) Use this matrix to
2. Let R3 [x] = {a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 / a0, a1, a2
find the image of the vector u = (3, –4, 0).
R}. Define
T : R3 [x] R3[x] by T(f(x)) =
6. Show that the transformation T : P2  P2
d defined as follows is linear. T(ax2 + bx + c)
( f ( x )) for all f(x) R3 [x]. Show that T
dx = cx2 + a. Find the image of 3x2 – x + 2.
is a linear transformation. Also find the Determine another element of P2 that has the
matrix representation of T with reference same image.
to basis sets {1, x, x2} and {1, 1 + x, 1 + x
7. Let Pn denote the vector space of all real
+ x2}.
polynomials of degree atmost n and T : P2
 P3 be a linear transformation given by
3. Show that the vectors (1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 2) and x
(1, 2, 3) are linearly independent in R(3). Let T(p(x)) =  p (t )dt , p(x)P 2 . Find the
0
T : IR(3) IR(3) be a linear transformation
matrix of T with respect to the bases {1, x,
defined by T(x, y, z) = (x + 2y + 3z, x + 2y + x2} and {1, x, 1 + x2, 1 + x3} of P2 and P3
5z, 2x + 4y + 6z). respectively. Also, find the null space of T.
Show that the images of above vectors under
T are linearly dependent. Give the reason for 8. Let D be the operation of taking the
the same derivative. Interpret D as an operator on Pn.

Prove that D2 – 2D + 1 is a linear operator. find the matrix representation of T with

Find the set of polynomials that are mapped reference to basis sets {1, x, x2} and {1 + x,
by D2 – 2D + 1 into 12x – 4. 1 + x + x2}.
9. Consider the linear mapping F :  2   2 15. Let F be the field of complex numbers and
given as F(x,y) = (3x+4y, 2x–5y) with usual T : F 3  F 3 be given as
basis. T ( x1 , x2 , x3 )
Find the matix associated with the linear
transformation relative to the basis  ( x1  x2  2 x3 , 2 x1  x2 ,  x1  2 x2  2 x3 ) .
S={u1, u2} where u1=(1,2), u2=(2,3). (i) Show that T is a linear transformation.
(ii) Find its rank and nullity.
10. Let T : R4  R3 be the linear transformation (iii) Find conditions on a, b, c such that (a, b,
defined by c) Range T and (a, b, c)  null space
T(x1, x2, x3, x4) = (x1 – x2 + x3 + x4, x1 + of T.
2x3 – x4, x1 + x2 + 3x3 – 3x4).
Find the range, rank, kernel and nullity of T.
16. Let T: 3  3 be the linear
11. Describe explicitly a linear transformation transformation defined by
from R 3 to R 3 which has its range the
T ( x1 , x2 , x3 )  ( x1  3x2  2 x3 ,
subspace spanned by the vectors (1, 0, –1)
and (1, 2, 2). 3 x1  4 x2  x3 , 2 x1  x2  x3 ).
Then find the dimension of the range
12. Let f :   3 be a linear transformation space of T2. Also find the
defined by f (a, b, c)  (a, a  b,0). 1 2
Find the matrices A and B respectively of 17. M is any 2 by 2 matrix and A   .
3 4 
the linear transformation f with respect to
the standard basis (e 1 , e 2 , e 3 ) and the The linear transformation T is defined by
T(M) = AM. What rules of matrix
basis (e1 , e2 , e3 ) where
multiplication show that T is linear?
e1  (1,1,0), e2  (0,1,1), e3  (1,1,1).
Also, show that there exists an invertible 18. Suppose that the matrix of a linear
1 transformation of R 3 relative to the basis
matrix P such that B  PAP
{e1 = (1, 0, 0), e2 = (0, 1, 0), e3 = (0, 0, 1)} is
13. Is the vector (3, –1, 0, –1) in the subspace of 0 1 1 
 
0 1
R4 spanned by the vectors (2, –1, 3, 2),  1
(–1, 1, 1, –3) and (1, 1, 9, –5) ?  
1 1 0 
14. Let R3 (x) = {a0 + a1x + a2x2 /a0, a1, a2   } Find the matrix of T relative to the basis
Define T :  3 (x)   3 (x) by {f1 = (1, 1, – 1), f2 = (–1, 0, 1), f3 = (1, 2, 1)}
d
T f  x  f (x) for all f (x)   3 (x) . 19. (i) Let T be a linear operator on C3 defined
dx by T(1, 0, 0) = 1, 0, i), T(0, 1, 0) = (0, 1,
Show that T is a linear transformation. Also 1), T (0, 0, 1) = (i, 1, 0). Is T invertible ?
Justify your answer.

(ii) If T is a linear transformation on a vector u'3 = (0, 0, –1)

space V such that T2 –T + I = 0, then Use this matrix to find the image of the vector
show that T is invertible. u = (9, 1).
20. Let F be a subfield of complex numbers and 25. Find the matrix of the following linear
T a function from F 3  F 3 defined by transformation with respecto to the basis of
T ( x1 , x2 , x3 )  {x, 1} of P1 and  x 2 , x,1 of P2.
 x1  x2  3 x3 , 2 x1  x2 , 3 x1  x2  x3  T  ax 2  bx  c   (b  c ) x 2  (b  c ) x of P 2
What are the conditions on (a, b, c) such that into itself.
(a, b, c) be in the null space of T ? Find the
nullity of T.
26. Let T :  3  3 be defined by
21. Let T be the linear operator defined by T ( x, y, z )  ( y  z, z ,0). Show that T is a
T  x, y, z    2 x, 4 x  y , 2 x  3 y  z  linear transformation. If V  3 is such that
(i) Show that T is invertible. T 2 (V )  0, then show that
1
(ii) Find a formula for T .
B  V1 T (V ), T 2 (V ) forms a basis of 3 .
22. Let T : P3  P3 be the map given by Compute the matrix of T with respect to B.
x Also find a V  3 such that V 2 (V )  0.
T ( p( x))   p(t )dt. If the matrix of T relative
1
27. Let V be the vector space polynomials of
to the standard bases B1  B2  1, x, x , x 2 3
 is degree  3 over F. Let T be a linear
transformation defined on V by
M and M' denotes the transpose of the matrix
M then find M + M'. T (a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  a3 x 3 )
= (a0  a1 ( x  1)  a2 ( x  1)2  a3 ( x  1)3
23. Suppose T :    is a linear
3 3
Compute the matrix of T relative to the bases
transformation whose matrix, with respect
(i) 1, x, x 2 , x 3
1 1 2 
to the standard basis is 1 3 0 . Find (ii) 1,1  x,1  x 2 ,1  x 3.
1 0 1 
28. Let e1 , e2 , e3 be the standard basis of IR3 and T

 1  
1     be a linear transformation from R3 into IR 2
T   2 .
  3  defined by
  T 
T  e1    2,3  , T  e2   1, 2 
24. Consider the linear transformation and T  e3    1, 4 
T
T :  2  3 defined by
(i) What is T 1, 2, 1
T ( x, y )  ( x, x  y ,2 y ). Find the matrix of T
(ii) What is the matrix of T with respect to
with respect to the bases {u 1 , u 2 } and
the standard bases of IR3 and IR 2 ?
{u'1, u'2, u'3} of  2 and  3 , where u1=(1, 3),
u2= (4, –1), and u'1 = (1, 0, 0), u'2 = (0, 2, 0),
df ( x)
29. Let D : V ( IR )  V ( IR ) : f ( x ) 
dx
T : V ( IR)  V ( IR) : f ( x)  xf ( x)
be linear transformations on V(IR), the
vector space of all polynomials in an
indeterminate X with real coefficients.
Show that
(i) DT – TD = I the identity operator
(ii) (TD)2 = TD2 + TD
1 2 0 
find A–2 when A   2 1 0 
 
 0 0 1
30. Show that the transformation T : P2  P2

defined as follows is linear.
T ( ax2  bx  c)  cx 2  a. Find the image of
3x2 – x + 2. Determine another element of P2
that has the same image.

By
K. VENKANNA
WORKSHEET - 4
LINEAR ALGEBRA
QLP
B.O.: H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor,
WORKSHEET - 4
MATRICES
1. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix

1 2 0 
 2 1 1
5. (i) Verify that the matrix A =  2 –1 0 
A=  0 1 0  and, hence, find the matrix
 0 0 –1
 1 1 2 
represented by A8 – 5A7 + 7A6 – 3A5 + A4 – satisfies its own characteristic equation.
5A3 + 8A2 – 2A + I Is it true of every square matrix ? State
the theorem that applies here.
2. Find the condition on a, b, and c so that the (ii) Let V = R4 (R) and W = {(a, b, c, d)
following system in unknowns x, y and z has R4: a = b + c, c = b + d}. Find a basis
a solution. and the dimension of W.
x + 2y – 3z = a, 2x + 6y – 11z = b, x – 2y + 7z
=c
1  i 2i i  3
 0 1  i 3i  .
3. If H is a Hermitian matrix, show that 6. (i) Let M    Determine
(I–iH) (I + iH)–1 = (I + iH)–1 (I–iH) = U  0 0 i 
where U is a unitary matrix and that if is the eigen values of the matrix
an eigenvalue of H, then(1–i)/(1 + i) is an
eigenvalue of U. B  M 2  2M  I .
(ii) Find a 3 × 3 orthogonal matrix whose
 1 ei  1 2 2
Find U when H   
– i first two rows are  , ,  and
e –1 3 3 3
 1 1 
4. (i) If  is a characteristic root of a non-  0, ,– .
 2 2
|A|
singular matrix A, then prove that

1 0 0
is a characteristic root of Adj. A.  
7. Let A  1 0 1
(ii) Show that the matrix
0 1 0
 
 –9 4 4
Show that for every interger
A   –8 3 4 n
n  3, A  A n2
 A  I and hence find the
2
 –16 8 7
matrix A8.
is diagonalizable, Also find the diagonal
form and a diagonalizing matrix P.

8. Find the characteristic and minimal

2 4 0
2 0 0 A  6 0 8 
 
polynomials of A  1 2 0 and 0 3  2 
0 0 1

1 0 0 
determine whether A is diagonalisable  
14. If A   1 0 1 
 0 1 0 
1 1 2
  Show that for every integer n  3, An = An–2
9. Let A   1 2 1  . Find an invertible 3 ×
 0 1 + A2 – I. Hence determine A50
 3 
3 matrix P such that P’Ap = D, D is diagonal
1 3 6  1 
matrix. Find D also.  
15. Reduce A  1 4 5 1 to normal form N
10. Find an orthogonal matrix that will 1 5 4 3 
diagonalize the real symmetric matrix and compute the matices P & Q such that
 1 2 3 PAQ=N.
 
A =  2 4 6
 3 6 9  16. Let V  P3  IR  be the vector space of
polynomial fucntions on reals of degree at
Also write the resulting diagonal matrix. most 3. Let D : V  V be the differentiation
operator defined by
11. Show that if  is a non-zero eigen value of
the non singular n-square matrix A, then

|A|  2 3 1
D a  a x  a x2  a x3  a  2a x  3a x2.
0 1 2 3
 (i) Show that D is a linear transformation.
is an eigen value of adjA. (ii) Find kernel and image of D.
Also give an example to prove that the eigen (iii) What are dimensions of V , ker D and
values of AB are not necessarily the product image D ?
of eigen values of A and that of B. (iv) Give relation among them of (iii)
12. Given the linear transformation 17. Find the eigen values and the corresponding
 1 1 0 1 2 
A .
Y   2 1 3 X , Show that it is singular eigen, vectors of
2  2 
 2 3 5 
and the images of the linearly independent 18. Show that the vectors
vectors, 1, 2,1 , 1,0, 1 and  0, 3, 2 form a basis
T T T
X  1,1,1 , X  2,1,2 , X  1,2,3
1 2 3 for IR3.
are linearly dependent.
19. Determine non-singular matrices P and Q
such that the matrix PAQ is in canonical
13. Calculate f  A   e A  e A for

26. Determine a non-singular matirx P such that

5 3 14 4 
  Pt AP is a diagonal matrix, where Pt denotes
form, Where A   0 1 2 1  . Hence find
1  1 2 0  0 1 2
the transpose of P, and A  1 0 3 
the rank of A.
 2 3 0 
20. Find the minimum polynomial of the matirx
27. If A be an orthogonal matrix with the
1 2 2  properly that 1 is not a characteristic root
A   2 1 2  , and use it to determine of A, then show that A is expressible as
 2 2 1
  1
 I  S  I  S  for some suitable skew-
whether A is similar to a diagonal matrix. symmetric matrix S.
21. Show that the quadratic form 28. Show that every unitary matrix A can, by a
2 2
2 x  4 xy  3zx  6 y  6 yz  8z 2
in three suitable choice of skew Hermitian matrix S,
variables is positive definite. be expressed as
A = (I + S) (I – S)–1, Provided that –1, is not
22. Find the eigen values and their a characteristic root of A.
corresponding eigen vectors of the matrix
29. (i) For what values of the equations
 2 0 3 x+y+z=1
  x + 2y + 4z = 
 2 1 2  . Is the matrix diagonalisable?
0 0 1 x + 4y + 10z = 2
 
have a solution and solve them
completely in each case.
23. For what values of  has the systme of (ii) Determine whether the linear
equations transformation defined by the following
x  2y  z 1, matrix is one-to-one.
 x  4 y  2z  2 ,  –1 2 0 5
4 x  2 y  2 z  1 3 7 2 8
A=  
(i) a unique solution –4 2 0 0
(ii) infinitely many solutions  
1 3 0 6
(iii) no solution.
1 4 
24. Determine an orthogonal matrix which 30. Let A  .Find all eigen values of A
 2 3
reduces the quadratic form
and the corresponding eigen vectors.
Q x , x , x  2 x 2  x 2  4 x x  x 2 to a
 
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 3  1 1 i 2i 
canonical form. Also , indentify the surface 31. Let H   1  i 4 2  3i  be a
 2i 2  3i 7 
respresented by 
Q x ,x ,x  7 .
1 2 3 
Hemitian matrix. Find a non-singular matrix
25. Find the eigen values and the corresponding P such that Pt AP is diagonal.
2 1
eigen vectors of A   2 3  .
 

By
K. VENKANNA
WORKSHEET - 5
LINEAR ALGEBRA
QLP
B.O.: H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor,
WORKSHEET - 5
FULL CHAPTER
1. (i) Show that the diagonal entries of a skew 5. Is the vector (3, –1, 0, –1) in the subspace of
symmetric matrix are all zero, but the R5 spanned by the vectors (2, –1, 3, 2), (–1,
converse is not true. 1, 1, –3), and (1, 1, 9, –5) ?
(ii) Let Q = {ax2 + bx + c/ a  a, b, c  C)
Is Q a complex vector apace ? Justify 6. Let
your answer.
 
V  ( x, y, z , u )   4 : y  z  u  0 ,
2. Find the characteristic values and bases of 
W  ( x, y , z , u )   4 : x  y  0, z  2u 
the corresponding characteristic spaces of
the matrix be two subspaces of  4 . Find bases for V,,
W, V+W and V  N .
2 1 0
 
A  0 1 1 .
7. Show that the sets
0 2 4 

a 0 
Is A similar to a diagonal matrix ? Give W1    : a  ,
reasons. a 0 
3. Find a non zero vector common to the space  0 a  

W   : a    are subspaces of the
spanned by (1, 2, 3), (3, 2, 1) and the space 2  0 a 
 
spanned by (1, 0, 1) and (3, 4, 3).
vectorspace M 2 of 2×2 matrices over R.
Further show that W1  W2 is not a subspace
4. Let V  3 and 1  (1,1,2),  2  (0,1,3),
of M2 .
 3  (2,4,5) and  4  (1,0, 1) be the
elements of V. Find a basis for the 8. Let W be the set of all (x1, x2, x3, x4, x5,) in
intersection of the subspace spanned by
 5 which satisfy
1 , 2  and 3 , 4 .
4
2 x1  x2  x x 0
3 3 4

2 13. Let U = Span (u1, u2, u3) and W = Span (v1,

x1  x3  x5  0 v2) be two subspaces of 4 where u1 = (1,2,-
3
1,3), u2=(2,4,1,-2), u3=(3,6,3,-7)
9 x1  3 x2  6 x3  3 x4  3 x5  0 v1 = (1, 2, -4, 11), v2 = (2, 4, -5, 14); show
Find a finite set of vectors which spans W. that U=W.
9. Show that the set 14. Let W1 and W2 be two subspaces of V(F),
P(t )  at  bt  c a, b, c   
2 then the linear sum W1+W2 is a subsapce of
V(F) and W1 +W2 = L(W1  W2 ) .
forms a vector space over the field . Find
a basis for this vector space. What is the
dimension of this vector space? 15. Show that the functions
f (t )  sin t , g (t )  cos t , h(t )  t are linearly
10. (i) Let V be the vectorspace of all 2×2 independent.
matrices over the field  of real 1 1 1
numbers.
16. (a) (i) If P  0 1 1 , then find P50.

Let (i) W1  A V : A2  A   0 0 1
(ii) W2   A V : det A  0 (ii) Find the dimension of the subspace

Show that W1 and W2 are not subspaces
of V.

W  (x, y, z, w) 4 | x  y  z  w  0,
(ii) Find two subspaces A and B of x  y  2 z  0, x  3 y  0
V   () such that dim A = 2, B = 3
4
and dim( A  B)  1. 17. Let V be the vector space of polynomials

over R. Let U and W be the subspaces
11. Let V the vector space of all 2×2 matrices
generated by
over C.
 x  x 
t 3
 4t 2  t  3, t 3  5t 2  5,3t 3  10t 2  5t  5
Let W    : x, y , z  C  , and
1   y z
 
t 3
 4t 2  6, t 3  2t 2  t  5, 2t 3  2t 2  3t  9
  a b  respectively. Find
W    : a, b, c  C  .
2   a c (i) dim (U + W)
 
Verify that w1 and w2 are subspaces of V. (ii) dim U  W  .
12. Let V be the vectorspace of all functions 18. Show that the vectors
from  into  ; let ve be the subset of even 1  (1,0, 1),  2  (1,2,1),  3  (0, 3,2)
functions f (  x )  f ( x); let v0 be the subset from a basis for R3. Find the components of
of odd functions f (  x )   f ( x). (1, 0, 0) w.r.t the basis 1 , 2 , 3.
(i) Prove that ve and v0 are subspaces of v.
(ii) Prove that ve  v0  v 19. Find bases for both the row and column
spaces of the following matrix A. Show that
(iii) Prove that ve  v0  {0}.
the dimensions of both the row space and
the column space are the same.

1 3 2  d3y d2y dy
3
 6 2  11  6 y  0 is a vector space
A  1 4 1  dx dx dx
over R. Give a basis for the vector space.
 2 5 5 
25. Given S1  {(1, 2,3),(0,1, 2), (3, 2,1)} and

20. Let V be the vector space of all 2×2 matrices
S2  {(1, 2,3), (1,1, 2), (1, 3,4)} , determine
over the field F. Let W1 be the set of matrices
the dimension and a basis for
x  x
of the form  and let W2 be the set (i) [ S1 ]  [S 2 ] (ii) [ S1 ]  [ S2 ]
y z 
 
26. Let {(a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ) : ai , i  1, 2,3, 4
 a b
of matrices of the form a c  . and
 
a1  a2  a3  a4  0} and
21. Take V = ? 3, the space of all real polynomials   {(a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ) : ai , i  1,2,3, 4 and
of degree at most 3. Let U be the subspace a1  a2  a3  a4  0}. Find a basis for S   .
of ? 3 consisting of those polynomials of ? 3
that vanish at x = 1. Let W be the subspace 27. Let
of ? 3 consisting of those polynomials of ? 3
whose first derivatives vanish at x = 1. V   4 ()
Determine the subspaces U ,W ,U  W ,U  W 
W  ( a , b , c, d )   4 ; a  b  c, c  b  d , 
in terms of dimension, basis, and the Find a basis and the dimension of W.
extension of each of these bases to a basis
for V = ? 3. 28. Let V be the (real) vector space of all
polynomial functions from R into R of
22. (i) Let A be a 3×3 upper triangular matrix degree 2 nor less, i.e, the space of all
with real entries. If a11  1, a22  2 and functions f of the form
a33  3 , determine  ,  and  such that f ( x)  c0  c1 x  c2 x 2 .
Let t be a fixed real number and define
A1   A2   A   I .
g1 ( x)  1, g 2 ( x )  x  t , g3 ( x)  ( x  t ) 2 .
(ii) Let W  4 be the subspace defined by
Prove that B={g1, g2, g3} is a basis for V.
W   x   4 : Ax  0 2
If f ( x)  c0  c1 x  c2 x .
where
What are the coordinates of f is this ordered
 2 1 2 3 basis B.
A 
1 1 3 0
Write down a basis for W. 29. Let V be the vector space of polynomials
over . Let U and W be the subspaces
23. Find three vectors in R3 which are linearly generated by
dependent, and are such that any two of them
are linearly independent.
t 3
 4t 2  t  3, t 3  5t 2  5,3t 3  10t 2  5t  5 
24. Show that the set of all real-valued
continuous functions y = f(x) satisfying the

and t3  4t2  6,t3  2t 2  t  5,2t3  2t 2  3t  9 
differential equation: respectively. Find

(i) dim(U  W ) (ii) Let V be the vector space of 3X3

synmetric matrices over F; then show
(ii) dim(U W ) that dim V=6 by exhibiting a basis of V.
30. Are the vectors

36. Let A and B be two subspaces of  3 ( )
1  (1,1,2,4), 2  (2, 1, 5,2),
generated by the sets
3  (1, 1, 4,0),  4  (2,1,1, 6) S1 = {(1,2,1), (3,1,5), (3,-4,7)} and
linearly independent in  4 ? Also find a S 2 = {(1,0,-1), (1, 2, 1), (0, -3, 2)},
respectively.
basis for the subspace of 4 spanned by the
Determine (i) dim (A+B), (ii) dim (A  B) .
four vectors.
37. Find the two subspaces A and B of
31. The vectorspace V of 2×2 matrices over R
and the following usual basis E of V; v   4 ( ) such that dim A=2, dim B=3 and
 1 0  0 1   0 0 0 0   dim (A  B)=1.
E  E1    , E2    , E3    , E4   
 0 0  0 0   1 0 0 1  
38. Let W be the space generated by the
polynomials
32. Let A and B be twos subspaces of 3
generated by the sets V1  t 3  2t 2  4t  1, V2  2t 3  3t 2  9t  1,
S1   (1, 2,1),(3,1,5),(3, 4,7) V3  t 3  6t  5 and V4  2t 3  5t 2  7t  5.

Find a basis and dimension of W.
and S2   (1,0, 1),(1,2,1),(0, 3,2)
respectively. Determine 39. Find a basis and dimension of the subspace
(i) dim(A  B) W of generated by
(ii) dim(A  B) f (t )  sin t , g (t )  cos t , h(t )  t are linearly
independent.
33. Let W be the space generated by the
40. Find a basis and dimension fo the subspace
polynomials
W of generated by (1, -4, -2,1), (1,-3,-1,2),
V1  t 3  2t 2  4t  1, V2  2t 3  3t 2  9t  1, (3,-8,-2,7). All extend the basis of W to a
V3  t 3  6t  5 and V4  2t 3  5t 2  7t  5. basis of the whole space  4 .
Find a basis and dimension of W.
1 0 0 
41.
 
(i) If A  1 0 1 , then find A50.
34. (i) Show that the dimension of the  
0 1 0
vectorspace Q  
2, 3 over Q is 4.
(ii) Determine whether or not the vectors
(6,2,3,4), (0,5,-3,1), (0,0,7,-2), (0,0,0,4) (ii) Let T: P3  P3 be the map given by
from a basis of V4 (  ). x
T ( P ( x ))   P  (t ) dt. If matrix of T
35. (i) Prove that the union of two subspaces is 1
a subspace iff one is contained in the relative to the standard basis
other.

(ii) Find the inverse in  3 of the following

 
B1  B2  1, x, x 2 , x 3 is M and M T
matrix :
denotes the transpose of the matrix M,
then find M+MT.  1 2 0
 
 0 2 4
 
42. On the Space P3 of cubic polynomials, what  0 0 3
 
matrix represents d 2 / dt 2 ? Construct the 4
by 4 matrix from the standard basis 1, 48. Prove that the following two matrices are not
2 3 row-equivalent :
t , t , t . Find its nullspace and column
space. What do they mean in terms of 2 0 0 1 1 2
polynomials?  a –1 0  , –2 0 –1
b c 3 1 3 5
   
43. If A be an orthogonal matrix with the 49. (i) Find a matrix P which transfomrs the
property that -1 is not a characteristic root,
1  1 1 3
then A is expressible as  I  S  I  S  for  
matrix A =  1 5 1 to diagonal form.
some suitable real skew symmertic  3 1 1
matrix S. Hence calculate A4.
44. (i) Show that the transformation T : P2  (ii) If be an eigen value of a non-singular
P2 defined as folows it linear. T(ax2 + bx matrix A, show that | A |/is an eigen
+ c) = cx 2 + a. Find the image of value of the matrix adj A.
3x2 –x + 2.
Determine another alement of P2 that has 50. Consider the system of equiations
the same image. x1 – x2 + 2x3 = 1
(ii) let A be a 5 × 5 matrix whose 2x1 + 2x3 = 1
characteristic polynominal is given by x1 – 3x2 + 4x3 = 2
( –2)3 ( + 2)2 If A is diagonalizable, Does this system have a solution? If so,
find  and  such that A–1 =  A + I. describe explicitly all solutions.
45. If H is a hermitian matrix, shown that

(I –iH)(I + iH)–1 (I – iH) = U where U is a 3 –6 2 –1 
 –2 4 1 3
unitary matrix and that if  is an eigenvalue 51. Let A =  0 .
0 1 1
of H, then (1 –i)/(1 + i) is an eigenvalue  
1 –2 1 0
 1 eia  For which (y1, y2, y3, y4) does the system of
of U. Find U when H   ia
e 1 equations AX = Y have a solution ?

46. Discuss for all values of k the system of

equations
2x + 3ky + (3k + 4) z = 0
x + (k + 4)y + (4k + 2) z = 0
x + 2(k + l) y + (3k + 4) z = 0
47. (i) Construct a 2 × 2 matrix Awith real

entries such that A3 = I.

By
K. VENKANNA
WORKSHEET - 6
LINEAR ALGEBRA
QLP
B.O.: H.No. 1-10-237, 2nd Floor,
WORKSHEET - 6
FULL CHAPTER
1. Show that the transformation T(ax2 + bx + signature.

c) = 2ax + b of P2 P1 is linear. Find the
image of 3x2 – 2x + 1. Determine another
5 0 0
element of P2 that has the same image.
6. Let A =  1 5 0 
 
 0 1 5 
2. Find the values of for which the equations
(–1)x + (3 + 1)y + 2z = 0 For which X does there exist a scalar c such
(–1)x + (4–2)y + (+ 3)z = 0 that AX = cX?
2x + (3+ 1)y + 3 (– 1)z = 0
are consistent, and find the ratios of x : y : z 7. Let W be the subspace of 5 spanned by
when  has the smallest of these values.
u1  (1, 2, 1,3, 4)
What happens when  has the greater of
these values. u2  (2, 4, 2,6,8), u3  (1,3, 2, 2,6)
u4  (1, 4,5,1,8) and u5  (2,7,3,3,9).
3. Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem, find A8, if
Find a subset of the vectors which form a
1 2 basis of W.
A =  2 –1
 
8. (i) Show that the dimension of the
 3 –1 2  vectorspace Q  
2, 3 over Q is 4.
4. Let A =  2 1 1  . (ii) Determine whether or not the vectors
 
 1 –3 0  (6,2,3,4), (0,5,-3,1), (0,0,7,-2), (0,0,0,4)
For which triples (y1, y2 y3) does the system form a basis of V4 () .
AX = Y have a solution?
9. If W1, W2 are two subspaces of a finite
5. Reduce the quadratic form dimensional vectospace V(F), then
x2  4 y 2  9 z 2  t 2  12 yz  6 zx–4 xy  2 xt  6 zt dim(W W )  dimW  dimW  dim(W W )
1 2 1 2 1 2
to canonical form and find its rank and
10. Let W be the space generated by the of the space of all 3 × 3 real matrices. What
polynomials v1  t 3  2t 2  4t  1, is the dimension of this subspace? Find at
least one of the bases for V.
v2  2t 3  3t 2  9t  1, v3  t 3  6t  5 and
17. Find the dimension of the subspace of R4
v4  2t 3  5t 2  7t  5.
spanned by the set {(1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 1, 0, 0),
Find a basis and dimension of w. (1, 2, 0, 1), (0, 0, 0, 1)}. Hence find a basis
for the subspace.
11. Let V be the set of all real valued functions
d2y 18. Let W be the set of all 3×3 symmetric
y  f ( x) satisfying  4 y  0. Prove matrices over IR. Does it form a subspace of
dx 2
that V is a 2- dimensional real vectorspace. the vector space of the 3×3 matrices over
IR? In case it does, construct a basis for this
space and determine its dimension.
12. Let V be the vectorspace of 3×3 anit
symmetric matrices over F, then show that
19. Let S be the vector space of all polynomials
dim V = 3 by exhibiting a basis of V.
P(x), with real coefficients, of degree less
than or equal to two considered over the real
13. Find the dimension of the subspace of R4,
field IR, such that P(0)=0 and P(1)=0.
spanned by the set
Determine a basis for S and hence its
{(1,0,0,0), (0,1,0,0), (1,2,0,1), (0,0,0,1)}
dimension.
Hence find its basis.
20. Let V be the vector space of polynomials in
14. (i) Show that the subspaces of IR3 spanned
x of degree  n over R. Prove that the set
by two sets of vectors (1,1, 1),(1,0,1)
and (1,2, 3),(5,2,1) are identical. 1, x, x2 ,..., xn  is a basis for V. Extend this
Also find the dimension of this subspace. basis so that it becomes a basis for the set of
(ii) Find the nullity and a basis of the null all polynomials in x.
space of the linear transformation
21. Let S be space generated by the vectors
A : R (4)  R (4) given by the matrix
(0, 2,6),(3,1,6),(4, 2, 2).
What is the
 0 1 3 1 dimension of the space S? find a basis for S.
 
1 0 1 1
A 22. Given two linearly independent vectors
3 1 0 2 .
  (1, 0, 1, 0) and (0, -1, 1, 0) of IR4, find a
 1 1 2 0  basis of IR 4 which includes these two
15. Prove that the set V of the vectors vectors:
23. Let V be the vector space of polynomials
( x , x , x , x ) in IR 4 which satisfy the
1 2 3 4 over IR. Find a basis and dimension of the
equations x  x  2 x  x  0 and subspace w of v spanned by the polynomials
1 2 3 4
2 x  3x  x  x  0, is a subspace of IR4.
1 2 3 4 v  t 3  2t 2  4t  1 ,
1
What is the dimension of this subspace? Find
one of its bases. v  2t 3  3t 2  9t  1,
2
16. Prove that the set V of all 3 × 3 real v  t 2  6t  5,
3
symmetric matrices forms a linear subspace

v  2t 3  5t 2  7t  5, 30.
1 0
Let M   , M 
0 1
,
4 1  0 0  2  0 0 
24. In IR4, let w1 be the space generated by (1, 1, 0 0  0 0
0, -1), (2, 4, 6, 0) and (-2, -3, -3, 1) and let M   , M  
3  1 0  4  0 1 
w2 be the space generated by (-1, -2, -2, 2),
(4, 6, 4, -6) and (1, 3, 4, -3). Find a basis for prove that the set {M1, M2, M3, M4} form
the space w1+w2. the basis of the vector space of 2 × 2 matrices.
25. Let V and U be vector spaces over the field 31. Consider the basis S = {V1, V2, V3} of IR3
K and let V be of finite dimension. Let where
T:VU be a linear map. V1 = (1,1,1), V2 = (1, 1, 0),
Prove that dim V = dim R (T) + dim N (T). V3 = (1,0,0). Express (2,–3, 5)
interms of the basis V1, V2, V3.
26. Let S= {(x,y,z)/ x+y+z=0}, x,y,z being real, Let T : 3  2 be defined as T(V 1 ) =
prove that S is a subspace of IR3. Find a basis
of ‘S’. (1, 0), T (V2 )   2, 1 , T (V3 )   4,3.
Find T (2, –3, 5)
27. Let V(IR) be the real vector space of all 2×3 32. If the matrix of a linear operator T on V3 ()
matrices with real entries.Find a basis for
with respect to the standard basis is
V(IR). what is the dimension of V(IR)?
0 1 1
 .
28. Show that the rank of the product of two  1 0 1
square matrices A, B each of order n, satisfies  1 1 0 
the inequality Describe explicitly T : V3 ()  V3 (). What
r r n  r
A B AB
 min r , r
A B  is the martix of T with respect to the basis
where r 0 stands for the rank of a square (0,1, 1),(1, 1,1),(1,1,0).
matrix C. R3 ( x)  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2 a0 , a1 , a2  
33. Let
29. Determine a basis of the subspace spanned Define T :  3 ( x)   3 ( x) by
by the vectors d
v1 = (1, 2, 3) ; v2 = (2, 1, –1) T ( f ( x ))  f ( x ) for all f ( x)   3 ( x). Show
dx
v3 = (1, –1, –4); v4 = (4, 2, –2)
that T is a linear transformation. Also find
(a) show that it is impossible for any 2×2
the matrix representation of T with reference
real symmetric matrix of the form
to basis sets 1, x, x 2  and 1,1  x,1  x  x 2 .
 a1 b 
 b a  (b  0) to have identical eigen
 2
34. Let V be the real vector space of all
values. polynomials in one variable with real
(b) Prove that the eigen values of a coefficients and of degree less than, or equal
Hermitian matrix are all real and that an to 3, provided with the standard basis
eigen value of a skew Hermitian matrix
is either zero or a pure imaginary 1, x, x , x .
2 3
number. 2 3
If p ( x)  a0  a1 x  a2 x  a3 x , define
T ( p )( x)  a0  a1 ( x  1)  a2 ( x  1) 2  a3 ( x  1)3 .

Write down the matrix representing the linear

transformation T with respect to this basis.
39. 
Let R 3[ x]  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2 a0 , a1 , a2  R . 
Define T :  3[ x]   3[ x] by
35. Let ? 3 denote the (real) vector space of all
polynomials (in one variable), with real d
coefficients and of degree less than, or equal T ( f ( x))  ( f ( x)) for all f ( x )  R3[ x].
dx
to, 3, equipped with the standard basis {1, x,
Show that T is a linear transformation. Also
x2, x3}. Write down the matrix (with respect
find the matrix representation of T with
to this basis) of the linear transformation
reference to basis sets {1, x, x2} and {1,1+x,
L ( p )  p " 2 p   p , p  ? 3
1+x+x2}.
36. Show that the map T : P2  P2 defined by
40. Let V be the vectorspace polynomials of
T (0  1x  2 x2 )  (0  1 )  (1  22 )
degree  3 over F. Let T be a linear
x  ( 0  1  3 2 ) x 2 is non singular and transformation defined on V by
find its inverse. T ( a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  a3 x3 )  ( a0  a1 ( x  1)
37. (i) Show that there does not exist any non-  a2 ( x  1) 2  a3( x  1) 3 ).
singular mapping of 3 into 2 . Give Compute the matrix of T relative to the bases
an example of a non-singular mapping (i) [1, x, x2, x3]
of  2 into 3 . (ii) 1,1  x,1  x 2 ,1  x 3  .
(ii) Show that T :    defined by T(x,
3 2
y, z) = (y, x)is a linear transformation

for the basis sets 41. Let T be the linear operator on  3 defined
S1  e1, e2 , e3  of 3 and S2   (1,0),(2,3) by T ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (3x1 , x1  x2 , 2 x1  x2  x3 ).

Is T invertible ? If so, find a rule for T–1 like
of 2 , find the matrix representation of
the one which defines T.
T. Here e1 , e2 , e3 are standard unit
vectors.
42. Let V = {P(x)/P(x) is a polynomial of degree
 n with real coefficients} and T : V  
m
38. Let F be a subfield of the complex numbers
and let T be the function from F3 into F3 be defined as T(p(x) = (p(1), p(2),...., p(m)).
defined by Then show that T is linear and determine the
T(x1, x2, x3) = (x1–x2 + 2x3, 2x1 +x2, –x1 – Nullity of T.
2x2+2x3)
(i) Verify that T is a linear transformation. 43. Let T be a linear operator on C3 defined by
T(1,0,0)=(1,0,i),
(ii) If (a, b, c) is a vector in F3, what are the
T(0,1,0)=(0,1,1),
conditions on a, b and c that the vector
T(0,0,1)=(i,1,0).
be in the range of T ? What is the rank Is T invertible? Justify your answer.
of T?
(iii) What are the conditions on a, b and c 44. Let T be a linear operator on C2 defined by
that (a, b, c) be in the null space of T? T ( x1 , x2 )  ( x1 , 0). Let B be the, standard
What is the nullity of T? ordered basis for C2 and

   1  (1, i ),  2  ( i,2) be an ordered 50. Let R3 ( x)  a0  a1 x  a2 x a0 , a1 , a2  

2
basis for C 2 . Find a matrix P such that

Define T :  3 ( x )   3 ( x )
T    p 1 T  P
d
by T  f (x )  = f (x) for all f ( x )   3 ( x).
45. The matrix map B :  3   3 defined by the dx
Show that T is a linear transformation. Also
1 2 5 find the matrix representation of T with
matrix B   3 5 13  , Find the
 
2 1 4
reference to basis sets 1, x, x 
2
and
dimension and a basis of the kernal of the 1,1  x,1  x  x  .2
matrix map B.
51. Let T be a linear operator on 3 defined by
46. Let V be the vector space polynomials of T(x,y,z) = (x+y+2z, –x+2y+z, y+3z)
degree  3 over F. Let T be a linear Let    1  (1,0,0), 2  (0,1,0), 3  (0,0,1)
transformation defined on V by
T (a0+a1x+a2x2+a3x3) = and   1  (1,1,1),2  (0,1,1),3  (0,0,1)
(a0+a1(x+1)+a2(x+1)2+a3(x+1)3). be two ordred bases for 3 . Find a matrix P
Compute the matrix of T relative to the bases
such that T    P T  P.
1
(i) {1, x,x2,x3}
(ii) {1, 1+x, 1+x2, 1+x3}
52. Let Pn denote the vector space of all real
47. Let T :    be defined as
3 3 polynomials of degree atmost n and
T ( x, y, z)  (3x, x  y,2 x  y  z ), ( x, y, z) 3 T : P2  P3 be a linear transformation given
(i) Show that T is a linear operator on 3 . by
x
(ii) Is T invertible ? If yes, find T–1.
T  p( x)    p(t ) dt , p( x )  P2 .
0
48. Let 3  3 be defined by Find the matrix of T with respect to the bases
T (x1, x2, x3) = (x1+x2,x2+x3,x3+x3+x1). {1, x, x2} and {1, x, 1+x2, 1+x3} of P2 and P3
Is T invertible ? If yes, find T-1(x1,x2,x3). respectively. Also, find the null space of T.
49. If the matrix of a linear transformation 53. Let V be an n-dimensional vector space and
T:  3 relative to the basis
3 T : V  V be an invertible linear operator..
{e1 =(1,0,0), e2 = (0,1,0), e3 =(0,0,1)} is If   { X 1 , X 2 ,..., X n } is a basis of V, show
that    {TX 1 ,TX 2 ,....TX n } is also a basis
 1 2 2
  of V.
 1 2 1  . Find the matrix of T relative 54. Let T : 3  3 be the linear transformation
 0 1 3
  defined by
to the basis T ( ,  ,  ) = (,2  3 ,2  5  4 ,  4   )
{f1= (1,1,1), f2= (0,1,1), f3= (0,0,1)}. Find a basis and the dimension of the image
of T and the kernel of T.

55. (i) Consider the linear mapping 59. Let  = {(1, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1), (0, 1,1)} and  
f :    by
2 2
= {(2, 1, 1), (1, 2, 1), (-1, 1, 1)} be the two
f ( x, y )  (3x  4 y ,2 x  5 y ) ordered bases of IR 3. Then find a matrix
Find the matrix A relative to the basis representing the linear transformation
{(1, 0), (0, 1)} and the matrix B relative T : IR 3  IR 3 which transforms  into   .
to the basis {(1, 2), (2, 3)}. Use this matrix representation to find
(ii) If  is a characteristic root of a non-
T ( x), where x  (2,3,1).
A
singular matrix A, then prove that is

a characteristic root of Adj A. 60. Let L : IR 4  IR 3 be a linear transformation
defined by
56. Show that the vectors (1, 1, 1), (2, 1, 2) and L( x , x , x , x ) = ( x  x  x  x ,
1 2 3 4 3 4 1 2
(1, 2, 3) are linearly independent in R(3). Let
x  x ,x  x )
3 2 4 1
T : IR (3)  IR (3) be a linear transformation
Then find the rank and nullity of L. Also,
defined by
determine null space and range space of L.
T ( x, y, z ) = ( x  2 y  3z, x  2 y
5z, 2 x  4 y  6 z) 61. Show that B  (1,0, 0),(1,1,0),(1,1,1) is a
Show that the images of above vectors under basis of R 3 . Let T : R 3  R 3 be a linear
T are linearly dependent. Give the reason for
transformation such that T(1, 0, 0) = (1, 0,
the same. 0), T (1, 1, 0) = (1, 1, 1) and T (1, 1, 1) = (1,
1, 0). Find T (x, y, z).
57. What is the null space of the differentiation
d 62. Let T be the linear transformation from IR3
transformation : P  Pn
dx n to IR4 defined by
Where Pn is the space of all polynomials of (2 x1  x2  x3 , x1  x2 , x1  x3 ,3 x1  x2  2 x3 )
degree  n over the real numbers? What is for each ( x1, x2 , x3 )  IR3
the null space of the second derivative as a Determine a basis for the Null space of T.
transformation of Pn ? What is the null space What is the dimension of the Range space
of the kth derivative? of T.
63. Let T be a linear transformation on R3, whose

 4 2 1
58. Let M    . Find the unique linear matrix relative to the standard basis of R3 is
0 1 3 
2 1 1
transformation T : IR 3  IR 2 so that M is 1 2 2 
  find the matrix of T relative to
the matrix of T with respect to the basis.  3 3 4 
  {v1  (1,0, 0), v2  (1,1,0), v3  (1,1,1)} of IR3
the basis
and   {w1  (1,0), w2  (1,1)} of IR 2 . Also
  (1,1,1),(1,1,0),(0,1,1) .
find T (x, y, z)

70. Let V= IR3 and v1, v2, v3 be a basis of IR3.

64. Show that f : IR3  IR is a linear
Let T : V  V be linear transformation such
transformation, where f ( x, y, z )  3 x  y  z . that T (vi )  v1  v2  v3 , 1  i  3. By writing
What is the dimension of the kernel? find a the matrix of T w.r.t another basis, show that
basis for the kernel.
1 1 1 3 0 0
3   0 0 0 
65. Show that the linear transformation from IR the matrix 1 1 1 is similar to  
to IR4 which is represented by the matrix 1 1 1  0 0 0 
1 3 0
0 1 2  71. Let V  IR 3 and T : V  V be the linear map
 is one to one. Find a basis for
2 1 1 defined by
  T ( x, y , z )  ( x  z , 2 x  y,  x  2 y  z ) .
 1 1 2
What is the matrix of T w.r.t the basis
its image (1, 0, 1), (-1, 1, 1) and (0, 1, 1)? Using this
matrix, write down the matrix of T w.r.t the
66. Show that the mapping T : R 3  R 3 where basis (0, 1, 2), (-1, 1, 1) and (0, 1, 1).
T (a, b, c)  (a  b, b  c, a  c) is linear and 72. Let T be the linear operator in R3 defined by

non-singular. T (x1, x2 , x3) = (3x1 + x3 , –2x1 + x2 , –
x1+2x2+4x3).
What is the matrix of T in the standard
67. Let T : R 5  R 5 be a linear mapping given
ordered basis for R3? what is a basis of range
by space of T and a basis of null space of T?
T (a, b, c, d , e)  (b  d , d  e, b, 2d  e, b  e) .
Obtain bases for its null space and range 73. Show that f1(t) = 1, f2(t) = t–2, f3(t) = (t–2)3
form a basis of P3, the space of polynomials
space.
with degree  2. Express 3t2–5t+4 as a linear
combination of f1, f2, f3.
68. Let V be a vector space over R and
Let T  ( x, y) / x, y V  74. Define rank and nullity of a linear
Define addition in T componentwise and transformation T. If V be a finite dimensional
scalar multiplication by a complex number vector space and T a linear operator on V
such that rank T2 = rank T, then prove that
  i by (  i )( x, y )  ( x   y,  x   y) the null space of T = the null space of T2 and
 ,   R. show that T is a vector space the intersection of the range space and null
over C. space of T is the zero subspace of V.
75. If the matrix of a linear operator T on IR2

69. Let T  IR  IR defined by
3 3
relative to the standard basis {(1, 0), (0, 1)}
T ( x1 , x2 , x3 )  ( x2 , x3  cx1 , bx2  ax3 ) , where 1 1
a, b, c are fixed real numbers. Show that T is is   , what is the matrix of T relative to
1 1
a linear transformation of IR 3 and that the basis B = {(1, 1), (1, –1)}?
A 3  aA 2  bA  cI  0, where A is the matrix
of T with respect to standard basis of IR3.
76. Verify which of the following are linear bases for IR3 and IR 2 respectively
transformations. where
(i) T:IR  IR2 defined by T(x) = (2x, –x)
(ii) T:IR 2 IR 3 defined by T(x, y) = 1  0 0
(xy, y, x) v1  0 , v2  1  , v3  0 ,
   
(iii) T:IRIR2 defined by T(x) = (1, –1) 0 0 1 
(iv) T:IR2IR3 defined by T (x,y) =(x+y,y,x)
1  0
w   & w  
77. Let T:M2×1M2×3 be a linear transformation 1 0  2 1 
defined by Find the matrix of L w.r.t S and T.
1   2 1 3  1  6 1 0 
T = , T   =  . 81. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix
 0   4 1 5   1  0 0 2 
 2  1 1
x A   1 2  1 and verify that it satisfies
Find T  y 
   1  1 2 
by A.
78. Let C be the field of complex numbers and
6 3 2
let T be the function from  3 into  
82. Is the matrix A   4 1 2  Similar
 3 defined by
10 5 3
T (x1, x2, x3) = (x1 –x2 +2x3, 2x1 + x2, –x1 –2x2 
+ 2x3) over the field IR to a diagonal matrix ? Is A
(i) verify that T is a linear transformation. similarl over the field C to a diagonal
(ii) If (a, b, c) is a vector in  3 , what are matrix ?
the conditions on a, b and c so that the
vector be in the range of T? what is the 83. Determine the difiniteness of the following
rank of T? quadratic form
(iii) What are the conditions on a, b and c so
 2 0 1  x1 
that (a, b, c) is in the null space of T?  
what is the nullity of T?  
q x , x , x  x x x   1 5 2   x 
1 2 3  1 2 3 2
2 1 1   
   x3 
79. Let L : IR3  IR 2 be linear transformation
for which we know that 84. Determine a,b and c so that the matrix
L 1,0,0    2, 1 , L  0,1,0    3,1 and
0 2b c 
L  0,0,1   1, 2  . Find L  3, 4, 2  .  
A  a b c  is orthogonal.
a b c 

80. Let L : IR 3  IR 2 be defined by
 x   85. Obtain the characteristic equation of the

    x  y 
L  y      1 2 
 z   
xz  matrix A    and show that A
    2 1
satisfies its characteristic equation. Hence
 
Let S  v1, v2 , v3 and T  w1, w2   be determine the inverse of A.

86. If S be a real skew-symmetric matrix of order theorem for this matrix and hence find its
prove that the matrix P   I n  S 
1
 In  S  inverse.
is orthogonal where I n stands for the identity
matrix of order ' n '  5 6 6 
 
93. Let A   1 4 2  Find an invertible
87. Find the row rank and column rank of the  3 6
 4 
2 1 4 3
  matrix P such that P 1 AP is a diagonal
matrix A  3 2 6 9 . Hence
1 1 2 6  matrix.

determine the rank of A .
94. Find the rank of the matrix
88. Reduce the equation
 1 2 1 1 2
2 y 2  2 xy  2 yz  2 zx  x  2 y  3z  2  0  
 2 4 3 4 7
into canonical form and determine the nature  1 2 2 5 3 

of the quadric.  3 6 2 1 3
 
 4 8 6 8 9 
89. Find a linear map T : R 3  R 4 Whose image
is generated by 1, 2,0, 4  and  2,0, 1, 3
95. 
Let V   x, y, z, u    4 : y  z  u  0 ,
 1 3 3 
90. Let A   3 5 3  .
 6 6 4 
Is A similar to a W  x, y, z, u   4 : x  y  0 , z  2u
 
be two subspaces of  4 . Find bases for
diagonal matrix ? If so, find an invertible
V , W V  W and V  W .
matrix P such that P 1 AP is a diagonal
matrix. 96. Find the characteristic polynomial of the
91. Show that the set  3 1 1

matrix A   2 4 2  and hence
 
P t   at 2  bt  c / a, b, c   forms a  1  1 1 
 
vector sapce over the field  . Find a basis compute A10.

for this vector space. What is the dimension
1  3 3 
of this vector space ?  
97. Let A   0  5 6  Find an invertible matrix
0 3 4 
92. Find the characteristic polynomial of  
0 0 1 P such that P 1 AP is a diagonal matrix.

 
1 0 2 .
Verify Cayley-Hamilton
0 1 3 


98. Find an orthogonal transformation to reduce q(x,y) = 2x2 – 4xy + 5y2.

the quadratic form 5 x 2  2 y 2  4 xy to a
canonical form. 104. Discuss the consistency and the solutions of
the equations
99. Verify Cayley–Hamilton theorem for the x + ay + az = 1, ax + y + 2az = –4, ax – ay +
4z = 2.
1 4 for different values of a.
matrix A    and find its inverse. Also
 2 3
1 0 0
express A5  4 A4  7 A3  11A2  A  10I as a 105. For the matrix A  1 0 1 . Prove that An
linear polynomial in A. 0 1 0
100. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix = An–2 + A2 – I, n  3.
2 1 1  1 1
  106. Let B    . Find all eigen values and
A  0 1 0 and hence find the matrix  2 1
1 1 2 corresponding eigen vectors of B viewed as
a matrix over:
represented by
(i) The real field R.
A8  5 A7  7 A6  3 A5 (ii) The complex field C.
 A4  5 A3  8 A2  2 A  I .
107. Examine whether the matrix
101. Let V be the vecot space of 2×2 matrices  2 2 3
 1 1  
over  and let M   A   2 1 6  is diagonalizable. Find
 . Let
 2 2   1 2 0 
 
F : V  V be the linear map defined by F(A)
all eigen values. Then obtain a matrix p such
= MA. Find a basis and the dimension of
that P–1AP is a diagonal matrix.
(i) The kernel of W of F
(ii) The image U of F.
108. Find an upper triangular matrix A such that
 8 –57 
 1 i 2  i A3 =  
  0 27 
102. Let H   i 2 1  i  be a Hermitian
 2  i 1  i 2 
matrix. Find a non-singular matrix P such 109. Find the condition on a, b, and c so that the
that Pt HP is diagonal and also find its following system in unknowns x, y and z has
a solution.
signature.
x + 2y – 3z = a
103. Find an orthogonal transformation of co- 2x + 6y – 11z = b

ordinates which diagonalizes the quadratic x – 2y + 7z = c
form

110. Find the minimal polynomial of the matrix 117. Let T be the linear operator on R4 which is
represented in the standard ordered basis by
4 –2 2 the matrix
 
A=  6 –3 4
3
0 0 0 0
–2 3  a

 0 0 0 
0 b 0 0
 
111. Find a 3 × 3 orthogonal matrix whose first 0 0 c 0
1 2 2  1 1  Under what conditions on a,b, and c is T

two rows are  , ,  and  0, ,– . diagonalizable?
3 3 3  2 2
112. Determine diagonal matrices orthogonally 1 0 0

 
similar to the following real symmetric 118. Let A   1 0 1
matrices, obtaining also the transforming 0 1 0 

matrices:
Show that for every interger
7 4 –4 
 
n
n  3, A  A n2
 A  I and hence find the
2
A4 –8 –1 matrix A8.

 –4 –1 –8 

119. Find the characteristic and minimal
113. Show that every square matrix can be 2 0 0
expressed uniquely as A + iB where A, B are  
polynomials of A  1 2 0 and
Hemitian. 0
 0 1
114. Reduce the quadratic form determine whether A is diagonalisable.
2 2 2 2
x  4 y  9 z  t  12 yz  6 zx–4 xy  2 xt  6 zt
to canonical form and find its rank and 1 1 2
signature.  
120. Let A   1 2 1  . Find an invertible 3 ×
 0 1 3 
115. (i) If B is an idempotent matrix, show that 
A = I – B is also idempotent and that 3 matrix P such that P’Ap = D, D is diagonal
AB = BA = O. matrix. Find D also.
(ii) If A is a non-singular matrix, then show
that adj adj A = | A |n–2 A.
121. If the matrix of a linear operator T on V3  
116. Find the characteristic roots of the matrix with respect to the standard basis is
1 4 0 1 1
A  and verify Cayley-Hamilton  1 0 –1
2 3   . Describe explicitly T : V3  
theorem for this matrix. Find the inverse of –1 –1 0 
the matrix A and also express.
A5 – 4A4 – 7A3 + 11A2 – A – 10I as a linear  V3   . What is the matrix of T with
polynomial in A. respect to the basis {(0, 1, –1), (1, –1,1),
(–1, 1,0)}

122. Show that if  is a non-zero eigen value of operator defined by
the non singular n-square matrix A, then

|A|

 0 1 2 3 1
D a  a x  a x2  a x3  a  2a x  3a x2.
2 3
is an eigen value of adjA. (i) Show that D is a linear transformation.
Also give an example to prove that the eigen (ii) Find kernel and image of D.
values of AB are not necessarily the product (iii) What are dimensions of V , ker D and
of eigen values of A and that of B. image D ?
(iv) Give relation among them of (iii)
123. Given the linear transformation
128. Find the eigen values and the corresponding
 1 1 0
Y   2 1 3 X , Show that it is singular 1 2 
A
eigen, vectors of .
 2 3 5  2  2 
129. Show that the vectors
and the images of the linearly independent
vectors, 1, 2,1 , 1,0, 1 and  0, 3, 2  form a basis for
T T T IR3.
X  1,1,1 , X  2,1,2 , X  1,2,3
1 2 3
are linearly dependent. 130. Determine non-singular matrices P and Q
such that the matrix PAQ is in canonical
124. Find the inverse of the matrix : A = 5 3 14 4 
1 3 1  form, Where A   0 1 2 1  . Hence find
 2 –1 7  1  1 2 0 
 
 3 2 –1 the rank of A.
by using elementary row operations. Hence 131. Find the minimum polynomial of the matirx
solve the system of linear equations
1 2 2 
x + 3y + z = 10
2x – y + 7z = 21 A   2 1 2  , and use it to determine
 2 2 1
3x + 2y – z = 4  
whether A is similar to a diagonal matrix.
125. The n n A matrix A satisfies
A4  1.6 A2  0.641 show that Lt An 132. Show that the quadratic form
n 2 2 2
2 x  4 xy  3zx  6 y  6 yz  8 z in three
exists and determine this limit.
variables is positive definite.
1 3 6  1  133. Find the eigen values and their

126. Reduce A  1 4 5 1 to normal form N corresponding eigen vectors of the matrix
1 5 4 3 
 2 0 3
and compute the matices P & Q such that   . Is the matrix diagonalisable?
PAQ=N. 2 1 2 
0 0 1
 
127. Let V  P3  IR  be the vector space of

134. For what values of  has the systme of
polynomial fucntions on reals of degree at equations
most 3. Let D : V  V be the differentiation

x  2y  z 1, A and the corresponding eigen vectors.

 x  4 y  2z  2 ,
4 x  2 y  2 z  1  1 1 i 2i 
(i) a unique solution 142. Let H   1  i 4 2  3i  be a
(ii) infinitely many solutions  2i 2  3i 7 
(iii) no solution.
Hemitian matrix. Find a non-singular matrix
135. Determine an orthogonal matrix which P such that Pt AP is diagonal
reduces the quadratic form
143. Let L : IR 3  IR 2 be linear transformation
Q x , x , x  2 x 2  x 2  4 x x  x 2 to a
 
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 for which we know that
canonical form. Also, indentify the surface
L 1,0,0    2, 1 , L  0,1,0    3,1 and

respresented by Q x1, x2 , x3  7 .  L  0,0,1   1, 2  . Find L  3, 4, 2  .
136. Find the eigen values and the corresponding 144. Let L : IR 3  IR 2 be defined by
2 1
eigen vectors of A   .  x  
 2 3     x  y 
L  y     
 z   
xz 
137. Determine a non-singular matirx P such that   
Pt AP is a diagonal matrix, where Pt denotes  

Let S  v1, v2 , v3 and T  w1, w2   be
 0 1 2 bases for IR3 and IR 2 respectively
the transpose of P, and A  1 0 3  . where
 2 3 0 
1  0 
v1  0 , v2  1  ,
138. If A be an orthogonal matrix with the 0 0 
properly that 1 is not a characteristic root
of A, then show that A is expressible as 0 
1  0
v3  0  , w1    & w2   
1
 I  S  I  S  for some suitable skew-
1  0 1 
symmetric matrix S.
Find the matrix of L w.r.t S and T.
139. Show that the real quadratic form
2 145. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix
 
  n x12  x22 ......  xn2  x1  x2 ....... xn .  2  1 1
in n variables is positive semi-definite. A   1 2  1 and verify that it satisfies
 1  1 2 
140. Find the symmetric matrix which
corresponds to the following quadratic by A.
polynomial:
q  x, y, z   x 2  2 yz  xz. 6 3 2
146. Is the matrix A   4 
1 2  Similar
1 4  10
141. Let A  .Find all eigen values of  5 3
 2 3

over the field IR to a diagonal matrix ? Is A

similarl over the field C to a diagonal matrix ? 1 3 3 
 
154. Let A   3 5 3  . Is A similar to a
147. Determine the difiniteness of the following 6 6 4 

quadratic form
diagonal matrix ? If so, find an invertible
 2 0 1 x  matrix P such that P 1 AP is a diagonal
   1
 
 
q x ,x ,x  x x x  1 5 2 
1 2 3  1 2 3
2 1 1 
x 
 2
matrix.
  x 
 3 155. Show that the set
148. Determine a,b and c so that the matrix 

P t   at 2  bt  c / a, b, c   forms  a
0 2b c  vector sapce over the field  . Find a basis

  for this vector space. What is the dimension
A  a b c  is orthogonal.
a of this vector space ?
 b c  156. Find the characteristic polynomial of
0 0 1
149. Obtain the characteristic equation of the  
1 0 2 .
1 2  0
matrix A    and show that A  1 3 
 2 1
Verify Cayley-Hamilton theorem for this
satisfies its characteristic equation. Hence
matrix and hence find its inverse.
determine the inverse of A.
150. If S be a real skew-symmetric matrix of order  5 6 6 

1  
prove that the matrix P   I n  S   In  S  157. Let A   1 4 2  . Find an invertible
 3 6 4 
is orthogonal where I n stands for the identity 
matrix of order ' n ' matrix P such that P –1 AP is a diagonal
matrix.
151. Find the row rank and column rank of the
158. Find the rank of the matrix
2 1 4 3
 
matrix A  3 2 6 9 . Hence  1 2 1 1 2
1  
 1 2 6   2 4 3 4 7
 1 2 2 5 3 
determine the rank of A. 
 3 6 2 1 3
 
152. Reduce the equation  4 8 6 8 9 
2 y 2  2 xy  2 yz  2 zx  x  2 y  3z  2  0
into canonical form and determine the nature 159. Let
of the quadric.
 
V   x, y, z, u    4 : y  z  u  0 ,
153. Find a linear map T : R 3  R 4 Whose image
is generated by 1, 2,0, 4  and  2,0, 1, 3 W   x, y, z, u    4 : x  y  0 , z  2u

be two subspaces of 4 . Find bases for

 1 i 2  i
V , W V  W and V  W .  
166. Let H   i 2 1  i  be a Hermitian
 2  i 1  i 2 
160. Find the characteristic polynomial of the
 3 1 1 matrix. Find a non-singular matrix P such
matrix A   2 4 2  and hence compute that Pt HP is diagonal and also find its
 1  1 1 
  signature.
A10.
167. Find an orthogonal transformation of co-
1  3 3 
  ordinates which diagonalizes the quadratic
161. Let A   0  5 6  Find an invertible matrix form
0 3 4 
  q(x,y) = 2x2 – 4xy + 5y2.
P such that P 1 AP is a diagonal matrix. 168. Discuss the consistency and the solutions of
the equations
162. Find an orthogonal transformation to reduce
x + ay + az = 1, ax + y + 2az = –4, ax – ay +
the quadratic form 5 x 2  2 y 2  4 xy to a 4z = 2.
canonical form. for different values of a.
163. Verify Cayley–Hamilton theorem for the 1 0 0 

 
1 4 169. For the matrix A  1 0 1  . Prove that
matrix A    and find its inverse. Also
2 3 0 1 0
 
express A5  4 A4  7 A3  11A2  A  10I as a An = An–2 + A2 – I, n  3.
linear polynomial in A.
1 1
164. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix 170. Let B    . Find all eigen values and
2 1
2 1 1  corresponding eigen vectors of B viewed as
 
A  0 1 0 and hence find the matrix a matrix over:
1 1 2 (i) The real field R.
(ii) The complex field C.
represented by
171. Examine whether the matrix
A8  5 A7  7 A6  3 A5
 2 2 3
 A4  5 A3  8 A2  2 A  I  
A   2 1 6  is diagonalizable. Find
 1 2 0 
165. Let V be the vecot space of 2×2 matrices
 1 1 all eigen values. Then obtain a matrix p such
over  and let M    . Let that P–1AP is a diagonal matrix.
 2 2 
F : V  V be the linear map defined by F(A) 172. Find an upper triangular matrix A such that
= MA. Find a basis and the dimension of  8 –57 
(i) The kernel of W of F A3 =  
 0 27 
(ii) The image U of F.
173. Find the condition on a, b, and c so that the 181. Find a linear transformation T :  3   4
following system in unknowns x, y and z has whose range is spanned by (1, 2, 0, -4), (2,
a solution. 0, -1, -3).
x + 2y – 3z = a
2x + 6y – 11z = b 182. Find a basis and the dimension oft he solution
x – 2y + 7z = c space ‘s’ of the linear equations
x  2 y  2 z  2s  t  0
174. Find the minimal polynomial of the matrix
x  2 y  z  3s  2t  0
4 –2 2
  2x  4 y  7 z  s  t  0 .
A=  6 –3 4
3 –2 3 
 183. Find the characteristic roots of the matrix
175. Find a 3 × 3 orthogonal matrix whose first 1 4 
1 2 2  1 1 
A=   and verify cayley - Hamilton
two rows are  , ,  and  0, ,– 2 3 
.
3 3 3  2 2 theorem for this matrix. Find the inverse of
the matrix A.
176. Reduce the matrix
184. Determine the diagonal matrix unitarily
1 1 0  similar to the Hermitian matrix
A   4 3 5  2 1-2i 
 1 1 5  A=   obtaining also the
1+2i -2 
to I 3 by a finite sequence of E-row transformation matrix.
transformation and express A as a product
of elementary matrices. Reduce A-1. 185. Use the cayley - Hamilton theorem, to find
the inverse of the following matrix
177. If H is a Hermitian matrix, show that  2 1 1 
A = (I + iH)-1  1 2 1
(I-iH) is a unitary matrix. Also show that  .
A = (I-iH) (I+iH)-1  1 1 2 
178. Show that the two matrices A, C-1 AC have 186. Find a basis and the dimension fo the solution
the same characteristic roots. space ‘S’ of the linear equations
x  2 y  2z  2s  t  0
179. Find an orthogonal matix that will
diagonalise the real symmetrix matrix x  2 y  z  3s  2t  0
1 2 3 2 x  4 y  7 z  s  t  0.
A=  2 4 6 
187. Find the value of  for which the matrix
 3 6 9 
0 1  
Also write the resulting diagonal matix. 1  0 
  is invertible and find its
180. Show that the characteristic roots of any  0 1 
diagonal matrix are same as its elements in
inverse.
the diagonal.

188. Determine diagonal matrix orthogonally

similar to the following real symmetric 0 1 2 1 
matrix 196. Reduce the Matrix 1 2 3 2 to its
 
 3 1 1 3 
 7 0 -2
A =  0 5 -1 obtaining also the normal form and hence or otherwise
 -2 -2 6  determine its rank.
transforming matrix. 197. Let T be the linear operator on 3 which is

represented in the standard ordered basis by
189. Solve the equations
 x  2 y  2z  1  5 -6 -6 
 
4 x  2 y  z  2 the matrix A = -1 4 2  Show that T
 3 -6 -4 
6x  2 y   z  3
Considering specially the case when   2. is diagonalisable and find the non-singular
matrix P so that P-1AP is a diagonal matrix.
190. Find F : 3   4 is a linear transformation
198. If S is a real skew symmetric matrixt hen
whose range is spanned by (1,-1,2,3) and show that (I+S) is non-singular and (I-S)
(2,3,-1,0). (I+S)–1 is orthogonal.
191. If S is a real skew symmetric matrix then 199. Find the characteristic roots of the matrix
show that (I+S) is non-singular and (I-S)
(I+S)-1 is orthogonal. 1 4
A  and verify cayley - Hamiltan
 2 3
192. If the matrix A is non-singular, then show theorem for this matrix. Find the inverse of
that the eigen values of A-1 are the reciprocals the matrix A and also express
fo the eigen values of A.
A5  4 A4  7 A3  11A2  A  10 I as a linear
 4 2 -2  polyonomial in A.
 
193. Show that A =  -5 3 2  is similar to a
 -2 4 1  200. (i) Show that 0 is a characteristic root of a
matrix if and only if the matrix is
diagonal matix. Also find the transforming singular.
matrix and diagonal matrix. (ii) If  is a characteristic root of a non-
A
194. Show that the only real value of  for which singular matrix A, then prove that
the following system of equations has a non- 
zero solution is 6. is a characteristic root of Adj A.
1 0 0 
 1 2
195. If A = 1 0 1  then show that for every 201. Let M =  and T be the linear operation
   3 4 
 0 1 0 
V defined by T(A) = MA. Find the matrix
integer n  3, An  An 2  A 2  1. Hence representation of T relative to the above
usual basis of V.
determine A50 .

202. Let A be a real 3×3 symmetric matrix with

eigen values 0, 0, 5. If the corresponding 1  i 2i i  3
eigen vectors are (2,0,1), (2,1,1) and 208. Let M   0 1  i 3i  . Determien the
 
(1,0,–2) then find the matrix A.  0 0 i 
eigen values of the matrix B = M2-2M+I.
203. If A be an orthogonal matrix with the
property that –1 is not a characteristic root,
then A is expressible as (I+S) (I–S)–1 for some 209. Let T :  3   3 be defined by
suitable real skew–symmetric matrix S. T ( x, y, z )  ( y  z , z ,0).
Show that T is a linear transformation. If
204. If H is a Hermitian matrix, show that 2
1 V  3 is such that T (v)  0, then show
A  ( I  iH ) ( I  iH ) is a unitary matrix.
that B   v1T (v ), T2 (v) forms a basis of 3 .
Also show that A  ( I  iH )( I  iH ) 1.
Compute the matrix of T with respect to B.
Further show that if  is an eigen value of
Also find a V 3 such that T 2 (v)  0.
1  i
H, then is an eigen value of A.
1  i
210. Find a linear transformation T :  3   4
whose range is spanned by (1,2,0,–4),
205. Show that the matrix
(2,0,–1,–3).
 9 4 4 
A   8 3 4  is diagonalizable. 211. Reduce the matrix
 16 8 7  1 1 0
Also find the diagonal form and A   4 3 5 to I 3 by a finite
diagonalizing matrix P.  1 1 5 
206. A square matrix M of order n with complex sequence of E-row transformation and
entri es i s cal l ed skew Hermi ti an i f express A as a product of elementary
matrices, Reduce A–1.
M  M T  0, where 0 is the zero matrix of
order n.
212. Find a basis and the dimension of the solution
Determine whether V = {M/M is a 2×2 skew
space ‘S’ of the linear equations
Hermitian matrix} is a vector space over (i)
x  2 y  2 z  2s  t  0
the field  and (ii) the field C with the usual
operations of addition and scalar x  2 y  z  3s  2t  0
multiplication for matrices ? 2 x  4 y  72  s  t  0
207. Shwo that the linear transformation from  3 1 2 0

to  4 which is represented by the matrix 213. Verify that the matrix A=  2 1 0 

 0 0 1
1 3 0
0 1 2 satisfies its own characteristic equation. Is
  is one to one. Find a basis it true of every square matrix? State the
2 1 1
  theorem that applies here.
 1 1 2
for its image.

214. Find an orthogonal matrix that will x+y+3s=3t).

diagonalize the real symmetric matrix Find a basis and the dimension of the
1 2 3  image U of F.
A  2 4 6 . (ii) Let H :  3   3 be defined by
H (x,y,z) = (x+y–2z, x+2y+z, 2x+2y–3z).
3 6 9 
Is H nonsingular? If not, find v  such
Also write the resulting diagonal matrix. that H(v) = 0.
221. Determine diagonal matrices orthogonally
215. If U is a unitary matrix and |I–U|  0, Prove similar to the real symmetric matrix.
that the matrix H defined by setting iH=(I+U)
(I+U)–1 is Hermitian. If ei ,...ein be the eigen 6 2 2 

A   2 3 1 , obtaining also the
values of U, Show that eigen values of H are
 2 1 3 
cot  1 2  ,....,cot n 2  .
transforming matrix.
216. If A is a non-singular matrix, then show that
222. Let T be the linear operator on R3 which is
n 2
adj adj A = A A. represented in the standard ordered basis by
5 6 6
217. If A be an orthogonal matrix with the  
the matrix A   1 4 2  . Show that
property that –1 is not a characteristic root,
then A is expressible as (I+S) (I–S)–1 for some 3 6 4
suitable real skew – symmetic matrix S. T is diagonalisable and find the non-singular
matrix P so that P–1AP is diagonal matrix.
 2 –2 2  223. Let T :  4  3 be the linear transformation

218. Let A =  1 1 1  and C be a non- defined by T(x1, x2, x3, x4,) = (x1–x2+x3+x4,
 1 3 –1 x1+2x3–x4 , x1+x2+3x3–3x4). Find the range,
rank, kernel and nullity of T.
singular matrix of order
3 × 3. Find the eigen valuesof the matrix B3
224. If A is an odd order orthogonal matrix, show
where B = C–1 AC
that either A–I or A+I is necessarily singular.
219. Let F be a field and let n be a positive integer
225. (i) Prove that the eigen values of A are
( n  2). Let V be the vector space of all n×n
the conjugates of the eigen values of A.
matrices over F. Which of the following sets If K1 and K2 are distinct eigen values of
of matrices A in V are subspaces of V ? A, prove that any eigen vector of A
(i) all invertible A corresponding to K1 is orthogonal to any
(ii) all non-invertible A
eigen vector of A corresponding to K2.
(iii) All A such that AB = BA, where B is
some fixed matrix in V. (ii) Show that the matrix
 a  ic b  id 
A
220. (i) Let F :  3  3 be the linear mapping b  id a  ic 
defined by
is unitary iff a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 1.
F(x,y,s,t) = (x – y + s + t, x+2s–t,

226. (i) Are the followng statements true? Give

3 0 0
resons in favour of your answers.  
(A) A, B are n-rowed square matrices A  2 2 0
such that AB=0 and B is non- 1 0 2

singular. Then A=0.
Find an invertible matrix P such that P-1 AP
(B) Only a square, non-singular matrix
is a diagonal matrix. Write down that
posses inverse which is unique.
diagonal matrix also.
(ii) Find the value of adj(P–1) in terms of P
232. Determine whether matrix A is
where P is anon-singular matrix and
diagonalizable. If so, find a matrix P that
hence show that adj (Q –1BP –1 )=PAQ, diagonalizes A and compute A2004.
given that adj B = A and |P| = |Q| = 1.
0 0 0
 
227. If H is a Hermitian matrix, show that A  0 0 0
A=(I+iH)–1 (I–iH) is a unitary matrix. Also 3 0 1 

show that A= (I–iH) (I+iH)–1. Further show
that if  is an eigen value of H, then 233. Let k be a real number, and let A be the matrix
1  i  1  i  is an eigen value of A.
1 1 1 

228. Define T : M 2,2  M 2,3 such that A  1 2 k 
 
1 4
 k2  
11 12 
T  Determine all values of k for which the linear
 21  22  system
11  12 0 12   22  1 1 1  x   5 

=       

12  21   22 0
 1 2 k   y    10 
    
Prove that T is linear and determine its matrix 1 4
 k   z   21
2
relative to the standard bases for M2,2 and
M2,3. has exactly one solution.
229. If the product of two non-zero square 234. (i) Let T be a linear operator on the n-
matrices is a zero matrix, show that both of dimensional vector space V, and suppose
them must be singular matrices. that T has n distinct characteristic values.
Prove that T is diagonalizable.
230. Find the values of k for which the equations (ii) Find a basis for the kernel of T if T
x  3 y  0, x  z  0, 2 x  11ky  k 2 z  0   x   x  y 
   
have non-zero solutions.   y    2x  y  z  .
For the larger of these values of k check that      
the equations   z   x z 
x  3 y  1 , x  z  2 , 2 x  11ky  k 2 z  3
235. Let T be the linear operator on R4 which is
are consistent. represented in the standard ordered basis by
the matrix
231. Consider the matrix.

matrix
0 0 0 0
  7 0 2
a 0 0 0  
0 . A 0 5 1
b 0 0
   2
 0 0 c 0   2 6 
obtaining also the transforming matrix.
Under what conditions on a, b, and c is T
diagonalizable?
241. Prove that similar matrices have the same
characteristic polynomial and hence the same
236. Discuss for all values of k the system of
eigenvalues. If X is an eigenvector of A
equations
corresponding to the eigenvalue  , then
2 x  3ky  (3k  4) z  0
P–1X is an eigenvector of B corresponding
x  (k  4) y  (4k  2) z  0 to the eigenvalue  where B = P–1 AP..
x  2(k  1) y  (3k  4) z  0
242. If A, B are square matrices each of order n
237. (i) Construct a 2×2 matrix A(¹ I) with real and I is the corresponding unit matrix, show
entries such that A3=I. that the equation AB – BA = I can never hold.
(ii) Find the inverse in  5 of the following
243. Determine whether the linear transformation
matrix:
defined by the following matrix is one-to-
1 2 0 one.
 
0 2 4  1 2 0 5
0 0 3  3
 7 2 8 
A
 4 2 0 0
238. If H is a Hermitian matrix, show that  
1 3 0 6
( I  iH )( I  iH ) 1  ( I  iH ) 1 ( I  iH )  U
where U is a unitary matrix and that if  is
244. Orthogonally diagonalize the following
an eigenvalue of H, then (1  i ) (1  i ) is symmetric matrix. Give the similarity
an eigenvalue of U. transformation
 1 ei   9 3 3 
Find U when H     3 6 6
 ei 1   .

 3 6 6 
0 1 1  1  i 2i i  3
239. Let A=  1 –2 2  , a symmetric matrix. 245. Let M   0 1  i 3i  . Determine the
   0 0 i 
 1 2 –1
Find a nonsingular matrix P such that PT AP eigen values of the matrix B  M 2  2M  I .
is diagonal and find the diagonal matrix
PT AP. 246. If A is non-singular, prove that the eigen
values of A–1 are the reciprocals of the eigen
240. Determine diagonal matrix orthogonally values of A.
similar to the following real symmetric

247. If the product of two non-zero square

matrices is a zero matrix, show that both of 2 1 1 
them must be singular matrices. A   0 1 0  and hence find the matrix
 1 1 2 
 9 4 4 
248. Show that the matrix A   8 3 4  is represented by
 16 8 7 
8
diagonalizable. Also find the diagonal form A –5A7 +7A6 –3A5 +A4 –5A3 +8A2 –2A + I.
and diagonalizing matrix P.
249. Let A be a 3×3 upper triangular matrix with 254. Discuss the consistency and the solutions of
the equations
real entries. If a11  1, a22  2 and a33  3,
determine  ,  and  such that x  ay  az  1, ax  y  2az  4, ax  ay  4z  2
A1   A2   A   I . for different values of a.
255. (i) Show that the subspaces of IR3 spanned

250. Find bases for both the row and column
spaces of the following matrix A. Show that by two sets of vectors (1,1, 1),(1,0,1)
the dimensions of both the row space and and (1, 2, 3),(5, 2,1) are identical. Also
the column space are the same.
find the dimension of this subspace.
1 2 1
  2 2 2
A  0 1 3   
(ii) Let A  1 1 1  and C be a non-
1 4 6 
  1 3 1

251. Determine diagonal matrices orthgonally
singular matrix of order 3×3. Find the
similar to the real symmetric matrix.
eigen values of the matrix B3 where
 6 2 2  B = C-1 AC.
 
A   2 3 1 , obtaining also the
 2 1 3  256. Let V be the set of real numbers. Regard V
  as a vector space over the field of rational
transforming matrix. numbers, with the usual operations. Prove
or disprove this vector space is not finite -
252. (i) Let A be a 3×3 matrix with trace (A) = 3 dimensional.
and det(A) = 2. If 1 is an eigenvalue of
A then what are the eigenvalues of the 257. For what values of  the equations
matrix A2 – 2I ? x y z 1
(ii) What is the dimension of the solution
x  2 y  4z  
space of linear equations
x  y  z  t  0, x  4 y  10 z   2
have a solution and solve them completely
x  y  z  3t  0,  x  y  2 z  0?
in each case.
253. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix
258. Find the characteristic values and bases of
the corresponding characteristic spaces of
the matrix

2 1 0 7 0 2
   
A  0 1 1 . matrix A   0 5 1 obtaining also
0 2 4   2
  2 6 
Is A similar to a diagonal matrix ? Give
the transforming matrix.
reasons.
264. Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of
259. Let T : 3  3 be a linear operator, where
 3 4 2
T (e )  5e  6e  6e
1 1 2 3  
A   0 1 2
T (e )  e  4e  2e  
2 1 2 3  0 0 0
 
T (e )  3e  6e  4e . Check that 1 + 2 + 3 equals the trace and
3 1 2 3
Find the characteristic values of T and 1 2 3 equals the determinant.
compute the corresponding characteristic
 1 1 i 2i 
vectors.  
265. Let H = 1 i 4 2  3i , a Hermitian
 
260. If H is a Hermitian matrix, show that 2i 2  3i 7 
( I  iH )( I  iH ) 1  ( I  iH ) 1 ( I  iH )  U
matrix. Find a nonsingular matrix P such that
where U is a unitary matrix and that if  is
PT HP is diagonal.
an eigenvalue of H, then (1  i ) (1  i ) is
an eigenvalue of U. 266. Find the dim ension and a basis of the
solution space w of the system
 1 ei 
Find U when H    x + 2y –4z + 3r – x = 0
 ei 1  x + 2y –2z + 2r + s = 0

2x + 4y –2z + 3r + 4s = 0
 1  267. If A is non-singular, Prove that the eigen

261. Given that the matrix   has 1 as an
 2 3 values of A–1 are the reciprocals of the eigen
eigenvalue, compute its trace and its values of A.
determinant. 1 2 3
 
268. 
Let A   2 5 4 a symmetric
262. (i) Let A be a 5×5 matrix whose  
characteristic polynomial is given by 3 4 8 
(  2)3 (  2)2 matrix

Find the nonsingular matrix P such that PT
If A is diagonalizable, find  and  such
AP is diagonal and find PT AP.
that A1   A   I .
(ii) Find a basis for  4 that contains vectors 269. (i) Ax = b has a solution under what
v  [1,2,0,0] and condition on b, for the following
A and B ?
u  [0,0,1, 2].
263. Determine diagonal matrix orthogonally
similar to the following real symmetric

BA have the same trace when

1 2 0 3  b1 
     a b  
A  0 0 0 0 and b   b 2  A  and B   q r  .
     c d   s t 
2 4 0 1  b 
   3
Deduce that AB – BA = I is impossible
(ii) Find a basis for the nullspace of A. (except in infinite dimensions).
(iii) Find the general solution to Ax = b, when
a solution exists. 276. Let T : R3  R3 be defined by T (x1, x2, x3) =
(iv) Find a basis for the column space of A. (x1 – x2 + 2x3, 2x1 + 2x1 + x2 –x1 –2x2 + 2x3)
(v) What is the rank of AT ? Find R(T) and Ker T
270. Show that the determinant equals the product 277. If we shift to A-7I, what are the eigenvalues
of the eigenvalues by imagining that the and eigenvectors and how are they related
characteristic polynomial is factored into: to those of A?
det ( A –  I )  ( –  ) ( –  )......(n –  )  6  1 
1 2 B  A  7I   
and making a clever choice of  .  2  3
a b
271. If A   , then det  A –  I  is 278. (i) If a 3 by 3 upper triangular matrix has
0 d diagonal entries 1,2,7 how do you know
  – a    – d  . Check the Cayley-Hamilton it can be diagonalized? What is  ?
When  an eigen value matrix.
statement that  A – aI  A – dI   zero matrix. (ii) Let V be the vector space of all real
polynomials. Consider the subspace W
272. Find the rank and the nullspace of spanned by t2+t+2, t2+2t+5, 5t2+3t+4 and
2t 2 +2t+4. Then, find the dimension
0 0 1 0 0 1 2 
  and   of W.
A  0 0 1 B  0 0 1 2 
1 1 1 1 1 1 0  279. (i) Show that A2 = 0 is possible but ATA =0
  
is not possible.
(ii) Verify that (AB)T equals BT AT but those
273. (i) If A2 = I, what are the possible eigen
are different from AT BT:
values of A ?
(ii) If this A is 2 by 2, and not I or –I, find its 1 0  1 3 
A  B  
trace and determinant.  2 1 0 1
(iii) If the first row is (3, –1), what is the
second row. 1 3 
AB   .
2 7 
274. Obtain eigen values and eigen vectors of the In case AB=BA, how do you prove that
differential operator D : P2  P2. BT AT= AT BT ?
D (a0 + a1 x + a2x2) = a1 + 2a2x, for a0, a1, a2 280. If the matrix of a linear operator T on V3 ()
R.
with respect to the standard basis is
 4 3
275. (i) If A   , find A 10 0 by
1 2 0 1 1
 1 0 1
diagonalizing A.  
(ii) Show by direct calculation that AB and  1 1 0 

Describe explicitel T : V3 ()  V3 (). 285. Let G be the linear operator on

What is the matrix of T with respect to the  defined by G(x, y, z) = (2y + z, x – 4y,,
3
3x). Find the matrix representation of G

basis (0,1, 1),(1, 1,1),( 1,1,0) . relative to the basis
S = {(1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 0), (1, 0 ,0)}.
281. If the matrix of a linear operator T on V3 ()
with respect to the standard basis is 286. Let V=R3 and T A(V), for all ai  A(V ), be
defined by
0 1 1 T(a 1 ,a 2 , a 3 )=(2a 1 +5a 2 +a 3 , –3a 1 +a 2 –a 3 , –
 1 0 1 a1+2a2+3a3)
 
 1 1 0  What is the matrix T relative to the basis
V1 = (1,0,1) V2=(–1, 2, 1) V3=(3, –1, 1) ?
Describe explicitly T : V3 ()  V3 ().
What is the matrix of T with respect to the 287. Show that the mapping T : V2 ( R )  V3 ( R )
basis {(0,1,-1), (1,-1,1), (-1,1,0)}. defined as T (a, b)  ( a  b, a  b, b) is a linear
transformation. Find the range, rank and
281. If the matrix of a linear operator T on nullity of T.
V3 ( ) with respect to the standard basis is
288. Let F be a subfield of complex numbers and
0 1 1 T a function from F 3  F 3 defined by
 1 0 1 .
  T (x1, x2 , x3 )  (x1  x2  3x3 ,2x1  x2 , 3x1  x2  x3 ).
 1 1 0  what are the conditions on (a,b,c) such that
(a,b,c) be in the null space of T? Find the
Describe explicitely T : V3 ()  V3 ().
nullity of T.
283. If T : V4 ()  V3 () is a linear 289. Find the matrix representation of linear
transformation T on V 3 () defined as
transforma-tion defined by T(a, b, c, d) = (a
- b + c + d, a + 2c - d, a+b + 3c-3d) for a, b, T (a, b, c)  (2b  c, a  4b,3a) corresponding
c, d, , then verify to the basis B  (1,1,1),(1,1,0), (1,0, 0)
e(T) + v(T) = dimV4 ().

290. Find a linear map T : IR 3  IR 4 , Whose
range is generated by
284. Let  3 [ x]  {a0  a1 x  a2 x 2 / a0 , a1 , a2  } .
1, 2,0, 4  and  2,0, 1, 3 . Also find a basis
Define T :  3[ x]   3[ x] by and the dimension of the
(i) range U of T.
d (ii) kernel W of T.
T ( f ( x))  f (c ) for all f ( x)   3[ x].
dx
Show that T is a linear transformation. Also 291. Find the linear transformation from 3 into
find the matrix representation of T with 3 which has its range the subspace spanned
reference to basis set {1, x, x2} adn {1, 1+x, by 1,0, 1 , 1, 2, 2 
1+x+x2}.

292. Find the rank of the matrix:
1 3 1 2 3 
 
1 4 3 1 4 
A
2 3 4 7 3 
 
3 8 1 7 8 
293. Let V  P3  IR  be the vector space of

polynomial functions over reals of degree
atmost 3. Let D : V  V be the
differentiation operator defined by
 
D a0  a1x  a2 x2  a3 x3  a1  2a2 x  3a3x2 , x  IR.
(i) Show that 

B  1, x, x 2 , x3  is a basis
for V .
(ii) Find the matrix  D B with respect to
B of D.
 2
(iii) Show that B '  1,  x  1 ,  x  1 ,  x  1
3

is a basis for V .
(iv) Find the matrix  D B ' with respect B '
of D.
(v) Find the matrix  D B ' B of D relative to
B ' and B.


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INSTITUTE FOR IAS/IFOS EXAMINATIONS

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

9. If w is a subspace of a finite dimensional basis for IR3 . Express v   3,1, 4  as a linear

3, 4) in terms of u 1 , u 2 and u 3 . 19. Let  = (1, 1, –2, 1), – 

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

22. Show that the vectors X1 = (1. 1 + i, i), =

23. Find two subspaces A and B of V   4 ( )

25. Let R+ be the set of all positive real numbers.

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

BASIS AND DIMENSION

1 , 2 ,3  . recpectively. Determine dim U  W  .

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

of the vectorspace of all real valued

15. Show that the set 7 0  2

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

21. (i) Let k be a real number, and let A be the 1 2 3 

respectively. 27. Describel the four subspaces of R3 associated

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

28. Find a basis for the following subspaces

29. Find a basis for a subspace U of V in the

Where P4 is the set of all polynomials of

30. Let V be the vector space of 2×2 matrices

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

Prove that D2 – 2D + 1 is a linear operator. find the matrix representation of T with

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

(ii) If T is a linear transformation on a vector u'3 = (0, 0, –1)

28. Let e1 , e2 , e3 be the standard basis of IR3 and T

30. Show that the transformation T : P2  P2

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

1. Find the characteristic equation of the matrix

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

8. Find the characteristic and minimal

the non singular n-square matrix A, then

H.O. 25/8 Old Rajender Nagaer Market, Delhi-60 ||

26. Determine a non-singular matirx P such that

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3. Find a non zero vector common to the space  0 a  

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2 13. Let U = Span (u1, u2, u3) and W = Span (v1,

(ii) W2   A V : det A  0 (ii) Find the dimension of the subspace

and dim( A  B)  1. 17. Let V be the vector space of polynomials

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25. Given S1  {(1, 2,3),(0,1, 2), (3, 2,1)} and

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(i) dim(U  W ) (ii) Let V be the vector space of 3X3

30. Are the vectors

S1   (1, 2,1),(3,1,5),(3, 4,7) V3  t 3  6t  5 and V4  2t 3  5t 2  7t  5.

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(ii) Find the inverse in  3 of the following

45. If H is a hermitian matrix, shown that

46. Discuss for all values of k the system of

47. (i) Construct a 2 × 2 matrix Awith real

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1. Show that the transformation T(ax2 + bx + signature.

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Write down the matrix representing the linear

y, z) = (y, x)is a linear transformation

S1  e1, e2 , e3  of 3 and S2   (1,0),(2,3) by T ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (3x1 , x1  x2 , 2 x1  x2  x3 ).

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   1  (1, i ),  2  ( i,2) be an ordered 50. Let R3 ( x)  a0  a1 x  a2 x a0 , a1 , a2  

basis for C 2 . Find a matrix P such that