SHRI RAM COLLEGE OF

COMMERCE

Human resource
Management
(Assignment)

SUBMITTED BY :
Naman Khandelwal
B.COM(HONS)- (C)
SEM2 -23BC139
VAC 9
 Vedic Maths
 Vedic Mathematics is a collection of Techniques/Sutras to solve mathematical arithmetics
in easy and faster way. It consists of 16 Sutras (Formulae) and 13 sub-sutras (Sub Formulae)
which can be used for problems involved in arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, conics.
 Vedic Mathematics is a system of mathematics which was discovered by Indian
mathematician Jagadguru Shri Bharathi Krishna Tirthaji in the period between A.D.
1911 and 1918 and published his findings in a Vedic Mathematics Book by Tirthaji Maharaj.
 Veda is a Sanskrit word which means ‘Knowledge’.
 Using regular mathematical steps, solving problems sometimes are complex and time
consuming. But using Vedic Mathematic’s General Techniques (applicable to all sets of
given data) and Specific Techniques (applicable to specific sets of given data), numerical
calculations can be done very fast.

History of Vedic Math

Swami Bharati Krishna Tirtha 14/03/1884 –

02/02/1960
Shri Bharathi Krishna Tirthaji Maharaj was born in March 1884 in the Puri village of Orissa
state. He was very good in subjects like mathematics, science, humanities and was excellent in
Sanskrit language. His interests were also in spiritualism and mediation. In fact when he was
practicing meditation in the forest near Sringeri, he rediscovered the Vedic sutras. He claims that
these sutras/techniques he learnt from the Vedas especially ‘Rig-Veda’ directly or indirectly and he
intuitively rediscovered them when he was practicing meditation for 8 years.

Later he wrote the sutras on the manuscripts but were lost. Finally in year 1957, he wrote
introductory volume of 16 sutras which is called as Vedic Mathematics and planned to write other
sutras later. But soon he developed cataract in both of his eyes and passed away in year 1960.

Vedic Sutras

No Sutras Meaning Uses

1 Ekadhikena Purvena By one more than the This Sutra simplifies squaring
one before numbers close to base values

Nikhilam A powerful technique for

2 All from 9 and the last subtraction, especially useful when
Navatashcaramam
from 10. dealing with numbers close to
Dashatah
multiples of 10.

This Sutra streamlines

3 Urdhva Tiryak Vertically and Crosswise. multiplication, especially useful
for multiplying large numbers.

This technique aids in

4 Paraavartya Yojayet Transpose and adjust simplifying complex
mathematical problems
involving equations and
variables.
 Shunyam When the sum is the An effective approach for solving
5 algebraic equations with equal
Saamyasamuccaye same, that sum is zero.
sums on both sides.

6 Anurupye If one is in ratio, the This Sutra is indispensable for

Shunyamanyat other is zero solving proportionality problems.

Yavadunam Whatever the extent of

7 its deficiency, lessen Simplifies division and finding
Tavadunikritya Varga
that deficiency to form square roots.
Samam
a square

A technique that encourages quick,

8 Vilokanam By mere observation intuitive solutions based on patterns
and observations.

Sankalana- By addition and by Facilitates solving linear equations

9 and factorization of quadratic
vyavakalanabhyam subtraction
expressions by using techniques of
addition and subtraction.

By the completion This Sutra aids in finding

10 Puranapuranabhyam fractions and complements,
or non-completion.
simplifying various mathematical
operations.

11 Chalana-kalanabyham By alternate Useful for problems involving

elimination ratios and proportions

This Sutra facilitates the

12 Yaavadunam Partial Products multiplication of large numbers
by breaking them down into
smaller, more manageable parts
 This Sutra helps in solving
13 Vestanam Specific and General problems where a specific value is
derived
from a general one

14 Yavadvividham Separately the This Sutra is handy for finding

Vyashtih particular from the individual components from a
general group

Useful for quick summations,

15 Samuccaye Collective addition. especially when dealing with a
series of numbers

By one less than the This Sutra provides a technique

16 Ekanyunena Purvena for division and helps in finding
previous one
quotients efficiently

Sub Sutras

No Sub-Sutras Meaning Uses

The last digit remains This sub-Sutra aids in quickly

1 Antyayordashakepi determining the last digit of a
the same
product.

Useful for solving problems

2 Sopantyadvayamantyam The last two of the last where the last two digits are
required.
No Sub-Sutras Meaning Uses

This sub-Sutra extends the

3 Ekaadhikena Purvena One more than the “Ekadhikena Purvena”
previous technique for squaring
numbers closer to the base

4 Paravartya Sutra Transposition and Helps in solving linear

adjustment equations and balance problems

Differences and Offers additional methods

5 Calana-Kalanabhyam for solving quadratic and
Similarities
Cubic problems.

Useful for solving problems

6 Gunakasamuccayah The product of the sum involving the product of two
sums.

7 Gunita Samuccayah The product of the Aids in simplifying algebraic

sum is the sum of expressions.
products

Yavadunam Tavatirekena By one less than the Provides an alternative approach

8 one so much is the
Varga Yojayet for finding squares.
square

Useful for quick calculations

9 Antyayordasake’pi The last digit is as it is involving the last digit of
numbers

Enables efficient calculations

10 Antyayorekadhikaduhitayor On the last two digits when focusing on the last two
digits.
No Sub-Sutras Meaning Uses

11 Ardhasamuccayah The sum of the half- A technique for adding fractions

Samuccayoh sums is the sum with common denominators

12 Ekanyunena Sesena One less than the one Facilitates quick division.
followed by the last

The last by the last, A technique for division,

13 Sesanyankena Caramena and the ultimate by especially when dealing with
one less than the last recurring decimals.
 5 Vedic Sutras
1. GUNITASAMUCCAYAH :-
It means “the product of sum is equal to the sum of the product”,this sutra is used to check
whether the given equation is correct or not using the roots of the equation[16]
The steps involved in this sutra are…

Step 1:Equating the roots of the equation and the quadratic equation, then equate the roots
and the quadratic equation with their co-efficient.
Step 2: If both the values are same then the quadratic equation and their roots are correct.
2
EXAMPLE:Solve: X +5X+6=0.The roots of the quadratic equation are (X+2) and (X+3)
2
Step 1: (X+2) (X+3) = X +5X+6
Step 2: (1+2) (1+3) = (1+5+6)
12=12. It satisfies the condition so the given equation is correct.

2. ANURUPYESUNYAMANYA:-
It means “if one is the ratio other is zero”,this sutra is mainly used for the values
of unknowns in the two linear algebraic equations. According to this sutra the steps
involved in calculating values of unknown variable are

Step 1: Taking the co-efficient of the variables as well as the constant.

Step 2: Taking y-coefficient ratioi.e. in A0:A1 and constant values ratio as A0:A1, if the
ratio of coefficient of y and constant are equal then take x value as zero by using the value
of x find y.

EXAMPLE:Solve 5x +9y=4 and 3x +36y =16.

Step 1: The co-efficient of y are in the ratio of 9:36 =1:4, the ratio of constant as 4:16 =1:4.
Step 2:The ratio of y co-efficient and constant is same then let’s take x=0 and substitute x
in any one of the equations and solve it for y. i.e.
taking equation 1,9y=4 then y=4/9(Or)equation 2,36y=16 then y=16/36 i.e.y=4/9.The
values of variable x and y are 0 and 4/9 respectively
3.Vyastisamastih : It means “part and whole”,i.e. this sutra is used to find the part of any
particles from the mixture. This sutra is like calc ulating the probability of getting particles
from the mixture [14]. The steps in calculating the part whole ratio of the contents from
the
mixture are...

Step 1: Find the total count of particles present in the mixture and the components and the
individual count of the particles.
Step 2: Divide in the count of particle from the total count in mixture and calculate the
same for all the partials in the mixture.

EXAMPLE:A box contains 3 white balls,2 red balls, 4 blue balls and 5 yellow balls.
Step 1: Total count of balls in the box is i.e. (3+2+4+5) =14.
Step 2: The part and whole ratio of white balls =3/14.
The part and whole ratio of red balls=2/14.
The part and hole ratio of blue balls=4/14.
The part and whole ratio of yellow balls=5/14.

4. SOPAANTYADVAYAMANTYAM :-
It means “ultimate and pen ultimate”, this another method used for the multiplication of
two numbers ,where the multiplicand can be any number but the multiplier should be
12,then only this sutra is applicable. The steps involved in multiplication of two numbers
are.

Step 1: Insert zero at first and last place of the multiplicand.

Step 2: Add the last digit with the second last digit multiplied by 2, and the same process
is carried for all the digits in the multiplicand respectively.
Step 3: The resultant value are written from bottom to top.

EXAMPLE 1: Multiply 1321 x12.

Step 1: The new multiplicand is 013210.
Step 2:
0+ (2x1) =2
1+ (2x2) =5
2+ (2x3) =8
3+ (2x1) =5.
1+ (2x0) =1.
Step 3: The answer is 15852.

5.SESANYANKENACARMENA:-
It means “the remainders by the last digit”, this sutra is used to express fraction numbers in
to decimal numbers up to required decimal places under the condition that numerator
should be less than the denominator [3]. The steps involved in calculation are...
Step 1: Check that the numerator should be less than the denominator if so the multiply
numerator by 10 and then divide by denominator,if remainder value is not equal 1, then
again multiply remainder by 10 and divide that value by
denominator and the process should repeat until remainder is equal to 1 [15].
Step 2: Multiply the entire reminder with denominator respectively from step 1.
Step 3: Taking the last digits of the output from step 2 and written the output from top to
bottom i.e. 0.X1 X2 X3…..etc up to required decimal places...

EXAMPLE:Solve: 2/7
Step 1: Numerator is less than denominator,(2x10)/7 =6.
(6x10)/7=4.
(4x10)/7 =5.
(5x10)/7 =1.
Step 2: Multiply all the remainder with denominator, (6x7) =42.
(4x7)=28.
(5x7)=35.
(1x7)=7.
Step 3: the output is 0.2857....

References
https://mathlearners.com/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/vedic-maths/
https://www.cuemath.com
https://en.wikibooks.org
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348448220_Review_of_Vedic_Sutras