Level-l Human Reproduction SECTION - A 1. Answer (3) Conduction of gametes is function of secondary sex organs. 2. Answer (2) Testes are extra-abdominal because for spermatogenesis, temperature required is 2.5°C lower than normal body temperature 3. Answer (3) ‘Seminiferous tubules are site for spermatogenesis. 4, Answer (4) Leydig cells are also called interstitial cells because they are present in the interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules and they secrete androgens (testosterone). 5. Answer (2) Path of sperm Seminiferous tubules — Rete testis > Vasa efferentia —» Epididymis — Vas deferens | Urethra < Ejaculatory duct Vas deferens dilates to form ampulla, which receives the duct from seminal vesicle and forms an ejaculatory duct. 6. Answer (2) Secretin of seminal vesicles contain fructose, inositol, prostaglandins and clotting protein. 7. Answer (4) Bulbourethral glands (= Cowper's glands) and seminal vesicles are paired and prostate glan 8, Answer (3) Sertoli cells are also known as sustentacular or nurse cells. 9. Answer (3) unpaired. Uterine fundus Uterine cavity a ‘ube! A tnfundibutar '@ Myometrium: Perimetrium Cervix ao canal (UG || vena Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone : 011-476234562) Human Reproduction Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) 10. Answer (2) Uterine fundus Uterine cavity Isthmus mputa | Fallopian ‘Ampull Fall Infundibulum Ovary ‘Myometrium Perimetsium. ee Cervix Cervical canal || —vegina 11. Answer (3) There is unequal division of cytoplasm. Secondary oocyte is arrested at metaphase-II and meiosis-HI is completed only after the entry of sperm 12. Answer (3) At Puberty e Spermatogonia (2n) 46 Mitosis differentiation Primary spermatocytes (2n) 46 ‘1st meiotic division Secondary spermatocytes 23 2nd meiotic division $46 % cme ol [orereniton SYS YS spomaicss 8 13. Answer (4) In absence of fertilization, corpus luteum degenerates in luteal phase but new follicles do not start develop immediately after its degeneration. During follicular phase, the primary folictes in the ovary grow to become fully mature Graafian follicle. 14, Answer (1) The ovulation occurs 14 days before the completion of one menstrual cycle, hence, 32 — 14 = 18 ie. 18" days. 15. Answer (1) During luteal phase (after ovulation), the remaining parts of the Graafian follicle transform as corpus luteum. 16. Answer (2) ‘Sperms and ova must reach ampulla simultaneously, 17. Answer (3) Due to heterozygosity in male sex chromosomes (XY), the sex of baby is decided by the kind of sperm (having X or Y) approaching female ovum (which has X). 18. Answer (3) After implantation, chorionic villi and uterine tissue become interdigitated with each other and jointly form placenta. Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone : 011-47623456Solutions of Assignment (Level!) Human Reproduction 3, 19. 20, 24 22. 23, 24, 10. Blastocyst gets implanted in the uterus about 7 days after fertilization Inner cell mass gets differentiated into embryo. ‘Answer (3) Body of developing embryo is formed by inner cell mass ‘Answer (4) hCG and hPL are exclusively produced by placenta hCG is functionally similar to LH. ‘Answer (1) hPL (human placental lactogen) has lactogenic properties, thus supporting prolactin from mother's pituitary during pregnancy. hCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) maintains corpus luteum which secretes progesterone. Relaxin, also secreted by corpus luteum, facilitates parturition by softening the connective tissue of pubic symphysis, ‘Answer (3) Stem cells in inner cell mass form primary germinal layers. ‘Answer (3) The signals for parturition originate from fully developed foetus and the placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex. This triggers release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary. ‘Answer (2) ‘Oxytocin causes uterine contractions leading to child birth. Relaxin is released from corpus luteum, SECTION -B ‘Answer (2) ‘These structures develop at the end of 24 weeks i.e., second trimester. Placenta is well developed at the ‘end of first trimester, Heart beat can be heard after one month ‘Answer (3) Duration of Luteal phase is fixed and it lasts for 14 days. Ovulation will occur on 20 day in this woman (34-14 = 20), ‘Answer (1) Cervix is part of uterus (womb) which is part of internal reproductive structures. ‘Answer (4) Oxytocin is also called milk letdown hormone. Prolactin helps in formation of milk by mammary alveoli ‘Answer (2) Secretion of seminal vesicles constitutes 60-70% of seminal plasma Prostate gland is unpaired. Bulbourethral/cowper's gland secrete mucus. ‘Answer (2) Parturition is a complex neuroendocrine process. Ratio of estrogen to progesterone increases during childbirth. Oxytocin is released from maternal posterior pituitary ‘Answer (3) ICSH from anterior pituitary targets Leydig cells. Serto nourishment for developing sperms ‘Answer (3) Progesterone is responsible for maintaining stability of endometrium. Decline in LH is responsible for regression of corpus luteum. ‘Answer (3) Human placental lactogen /.0, hPL acts on mammary glands to facilitate the process of lactation, Cortisol, progesterone and estrogen are secreted in non-pregnant females also. ‘Answer (2) LH maintains corpus luteum. Relaxin is released from corpus luteum in pregnant females while estrogen and progesterone are secreted from corpus luteum in both pregnant and non-pregnant females, ells are called sustentacular cells as they provide Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Delhi-110005. Phone : 011-476234561" 12. 13, 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. 24 22, 23, 24, 25. 4 Human Reproduction Solutions of Assignment (Level-I) ‘Answer (2) Genetic constitution of sperm forming cells is (44 + XY), sperms formed can have either (22 + X) or (22+ Y) as chromosome number. Meiocytes are diploid in nature while gametes are haploid ‘Answer (4) Mitochondria are arranged in a helical manner in middle piece of sperm. ‘Answer (1) ‘Amenorrhea is absence of menstrual cycle whose common reason can be fertilisation of ova. At menopause, gonadotropins increase due to absence of negative feedback ‘Answer (2) ‘Ovum released by ovary is transported to ampullary region where fertilization takes place. ‘Answer (2) The extratesticular duct system consists of tubes which conducts sperms from the testes to the outside. Seminiferous tubule — Rete testis -» Vasa efferentia Ejaculatory duct < Vas deferens < Epididymis + Urethra ‘Answer (4) Cessation of menstrual cycle around 50 years is called menopause in primates. Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase. ‘Answer (1) Limbs and digits are formed by the end of 2" month, external genitalia during 3% month and body hairs during 6" month ‘Answer (1) Placenta is an organ which connects the foetus with uterine wall, The hCG stimulates corpus luteum of pregnancy to continue to secrete progesterone for a long time after its normal lifetime. ‘Answer (4) Androgens stimulate the process of spermatogenesis. ‘Answer (1) Progesterone is essential for maintenance of the endometrium, ‘Answer (3) The ovulatory phase is followed by luteal phase. In luteal phase, the levels of estrogen and progesterone will rise, while FSH and LH levels drop. Corpus luteum is formed after ovulation Answer (3) ‘Ampulla is the wider part of oviduct and actual site for fertilization. infundibulum is closer to the ovary ‘Answer (3) After cleavage 2, 4, 8, 16 daughter cells called blastomeres are formed. ‘Answer (4) Clitoris is a tiny finger-like structure, Answer (3) ‘Seminal plasma along with sperm constitute semen. Seminal plasma, contains seminal fluid, prostatic fluid and mucus from Cowper's gland is homologous to male's penis containing erectile tissue but not urethra, gaa Corporate Office : Aakash Tower, 8, Pusa Road, New Del 110005. Phone : 011-47623456