Property diagrams for

Phase- change
processes
 constant-pressure phase-change process is
illustrated
on a T-v diagram in Fig.

Line of
constant Pressure

Saturation
Temperature
Property diagrams for Phase- change
processes
The T-v Diagram
The T-v Diagram
 P-v diagram of a pure
substance

Critical point of
water
T = 647 K (374 °C;
705 °F) and
P=
22.064 MPa (3200
PSIA or 218 atm)
P-v-T surface
 Triple point
• Under some conditions all three
phases of a pure substance
coexist in equilibrium as shown
in figure.
On P-v or T-v diagrams, these
triple-phase states form a line
called the triple line.

The states on the triple line of a

substance have the same pressure
and temperature but different
specific volumes.

The triple line appears as a point

on the P-T diagrams and,
therefore, is often called the triple
point.
The triple-point temperatures and pressures of
various substances
 Properties
Different properties are to be evaluated from the Property
diagrams

These properties include:

Specific Volume v (m3/kg)

Internal Energy u (kJ/kg)

Enthalpy h (kJ/kg)

Entropy s (kJ/kg-K)
Saturated Liquid and saturated vapor states
For specific volumes:

vf = specific volume of saturated liquid

vg = specific volume of saturated vapour

vfg = difference between vg and vf (that is vfg = vg - vf )

 Saturated Liquid- Vapor Mixture
Quality Factor or dryness fraction(x)
To analyze the mixture properly, we need to
know the proportions of liquid and vapor
phases in the mixture
x = mvapor / mtotal
Where, mtotal = mliquid + mvapor

The relation also

expressed as
v = vf + x vfg
And u = uf + x ufg
Point no 3 in Saturated Liquid Vapour Region

Point 3 will be marked as per

Dryness Fraction