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Drishti Ias Pre (H) t1s 2024 King R Queen P
Drishti Ias Pre (H) t1s 2024 King R Queen P
ANSWERS
Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers Q. No. Answers
1 (d) 26 (b) 51 (c) 76 (c)
2 (c) 27 (d) 52 (a) 77 (c)
3 (c) 28 (b) 53 (a) 78 (c)
4 (a) 29 (c) 54 (b) 79 (a)
5 (d) 30 (d) 55 (a) 80 (d)
6 (c) 31 (a) 56 (d) 81 (c)
7 (a) 32 (a) 57 (a) 82 (c)
8 (b) 33 (a) 58 (a) 83 (c)
9 (c) 34 (c) 59 (b) 84 (d)
10 (d) 35 (b) 60 (b) 85 (b)
11 (c) 36 (b) 61 (b) 86 (a)
12 (b) 37 (a) 62 (b) 87 (a)
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MATERIAL
1. (d) CITES ds rhu ifjf'k"V gSa%
ifjf'k"V I mu çtkfr;ksa dks lwphc¼ djrk gS tks
O;k[;k% phrk cM+h fcfYy;ksa dh lcls iqjkuh çtkfr;ksa esa ls ,d
CITES&lwphc¼ oU;thoksa ,oa ikniksa esa lcls vfèkd
gS] ftuds iwoZtksa dh mRifÙk dks ik¡p fefy;u ls vfèkd o"kks±
ladVkiUu fLFkfr es gSA
ls eè;uwru ;qx (Miocene Era) esa ns•k x;kA ;g Hkwfe ij
ifjf'k"V II mu çtkfr;ksa dks lwphc¼ djrk gS ftuds
jgus okyk fo'o dk lcls rst nkSM+us okyk Lruik;h Hkh
fudV Hkfo"; esa yqIr gksus dk •rjk ugha gS ysfdu ,slh
gS tks vÚhdk vkSj ,f'k;k esa ik;k tkrk gSA
vÚhdh phrksa dh rqyuk esa] ,f'k;kbZ phrk NksVk gksrk gS
vk'kadk gS fd ;fn bu çtkfr;ksa ds O;kikj dks l[r
ysfdu mldh •ky eksVh gksrh gS] xnZu vfèkd 'kfDr'kkyh rjhds ls fu;af=kr ugha fd;k x;k rks ;s yqIrçk; dh
gksrh gS rFkk iSj irys gksrs gSaA dbZ yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd Js.kh esa vk ldrh gSaA blesa rFkkdfFkr ^,d tSlh fn•us
os yacs iSjksa okyh vÚhdh çtkfr;ksa dh rqyuk esa rst èkkod okyh çtkfr;k¡ (Look-Alike Species)* Hkh 'kkfey gSa vFkkZr~
gks ldrs gSa] ysfdu fdlh Hkh ijh{k.k us bl fl¼kar dh ,slh çtkfr;k¡ tks ,d leku fn•rh gSa mUgsa O;kikj laj{k.k
iqf"V ugha dh gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA dkj.kksa ls lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gSA
,d vè;;u esa ik;k x;k fd budh e`R;q dk lcls cM+k ifjf'k"V III esa mu çtkfr;ksa dh lwph gS ftUgsa fdlh
dkj.k ijHk{k.k Fkk rFkk ijHk{k.k esa budh e`R;q nj dh i{kdkj ds vuqjksèk ij 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gS] ftudk
53.2% fgLlsnkjh FkhA 'ksj] rsanq,] ydM+cX?ks vkSj fl;kj eq[; O;kikj i{kdkj }kjk igys ls gh fofu;fer fd;k tk jgk gS
:i ls f”kEesnkj FksA lajf{kr {ks=kksa esa phrksa ds 'kkodksa dh rFkk 'kkfey dh xb± çtkfr;ksa ds vlaoguh; ,oa vR;fèkd
e`R;q nj cgqr vfèkd (90% rd) gksrh gS] ftldk nksgu jksdus ds fy;s nwljs ns'kksa ds lg;ksx dh vko';drk
eq[; dkj.k ijHk{k.k gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA gSA vr% dFku (II) lgh ugha gSA
phrs ,d le; Hkkjr esa O;kid :i ls O;kIr Fks rFkk o"kZ çtkfr;ksa dks dsoy i{kdkjksa ds lEesyu }kjk ifjf'k"V I
1952 rd f'kdkj ,oa i;kZokl dh {kfr ds dkj.k vkSj II esa 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gS ;k gVk;k tk ldrk
foyqIr gks x,A ,f'k;kbZ phrs vc dsoy bZjku esa gh gS vFkok muds eè; LFkkukarfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
çkÑfrd :i ls ik, tkrs gSaA IUCN jsM fyLV esa] vÚhdh 3. (c)
phrksa dks ^lqHks|* ds :i esa lwphc¼ fd;k x;k gS rFkk
O;k[;k% fuMsfj;u] ftls ^flysaVªsV (Coelenterate)* Hkh dgk tkrk
,f'k;kbZ phrksa dks ^vfr ladVxzLr* ds :i esa lwphc¼
gS] 9,000 ls vfèkd thfor çtkfr;ksa ls cuk ,d lewg gSA
fd;k x;k gSA vr% dFku (3) vkSj (4) lgh gSaA
t~;knkrj leqæh tho] fuMsfj;u esa çoky (Corals)] gkbMªk
2. (c)
(Hydras)] tsyhfiQ'k (Jellyfish)] leqæh ,uheksu (Sea
O;k[;k% CITES] ljdkjksa ds chp ,d varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrk gS Anemones)] leqæh fiPN (Sea Pens)] leqæh fOgi (Sea
tks ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gS fd oU;thoksa vkSj ikniksa dh çtkfr;ksa Whips) vkSj leqæh O;atu (Sea Fans) 'kkfey gSaA vr%
ds vfLrRo dks varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ds fy;s •rjs esa u Mkyk dFku (1) lgh gSA
tk,A bldk izFke lEesyu o"kZ 1975 esa gqvk vkSj Hkkjr o"kZ fuMsfj;u ,ddksf'kdh; 'kSoky] eNfy;ksa vkSj ØLVsf'k;kbZ
1976 esa 25ok¡ Hkkxhnkj ns'k cu x;kA lfgr dbZ vU; thoksa ds lkFk tfVy lacaèk cukrs gSaA buesa
CITES esa i{kdkjksa ds lEesyu (CoP19) dh 19oha cSBd ls dbZ lacaèk] tSls fd twtsaFksys (Zooxanthellae) vkSj
iukek 'kgj esa vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA Dyksjsyk (Zoochlorellae) okys lacaèk] ikjLifjd lgthou
Hkkjr ds 'kh'ke (MkYcfxZ;k flLlw) dks lEesyu ds gSa& vFkkZr~ ,sls lacaèk tks nksuksa Hkkxhnkjksa dks ykHk igq¡pkrs gSaA
ifjf'k"V II esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gS] ftlls çtkfr;ksa ds fuMsfj;u (Cnidarians) vkSj fMiQksÝysyVs l ~ (Dinoflagellate)
O;kikj ds fy;s CITES fu;eksa dk ikyu djus dh 'kSoky ds chp lacaèk dks ^lgthoh (Symbiotic)* Hkh
vko';drk gksrh gSA vr% dFku (I) lgh gSA dgk tkrk gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 2
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
CLICK FOR JOIN PCS 2024 FREE TEST SERIES & STUDY
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MATERIAL Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
lHkh fuMsfj;u ek¡lkgkjh gSaA vfèkdka'k tho Hkkstu ij ekWfUVª;y çksVksdkWy us CFCs dks gkbMªkÝs yksjksdkcZu (HFC)
vfèkdkj djus ds fy;s vius ^dSfuMh (Cnidae)* rFkk esa ifjofrZr dj fn;k tks vks”kksu ijr dks u"V ugha
lacafèkr fo"k (Toxin) dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] gkyk¡fd fdlh djrs gSaA ysfdu ckn esa mUgsa Xykscy okfe±x mRiUu djus
dks Hkh f'kdkj dk ihNk djus ds fy;s ugha tkuk tkrk gSA esa csgn 'kfDr'kkyh ik;k x;kA bl çdkj vkokl foÙk
lHkh fuMsfj;u çtkfr;k¡ ;kSu çtuu esa l{ke gSa] tks daifu;ksa us ,d leL;k dk rks lekèkku fd;k] ysfdu og
thou pØ ds dsoy ,d pj.k esa gksrh gSA os ySafxd vkSj nwljh esa çeq• :i ls ;ksxnku ns jgh FkhA vr% dFku (2)
vySafxd nksuksa rjg ls çtuu djus esa l{ke gSaA vr% lgh ugha gSA
dFku (2) lgh gSA ekWfUVª;y çksVksdkWy ds ewy çkoèkkuksa ds rgr bUgsa lekIr
ugha fd;k tk ldrk Fkk] tks dsoy ODS dks pj.kc¼
4. (a)
rjhds ls lekIr djus ds fy;s FkkA fdxkyh la'kksèku us
O;k[;k% iUuk Hkkjr dk 22ok¡ vkSj eè; çns'k dk 5ok¡ Vkbxj ekWfUVª;y çksVksdkWy dks HFC dks vfuok;Z djus esa l{ke
fj”koZ FkkA ;g m|ku foaè; ioZrekyk esa vofLFkr gS rFkk cuk;kA bldk y{; o"kZ 2047 rd HFC •ir esa 80%
jkT; ds mÙkj esa iUuk ,oa Nrjiqj f”kyksa rd foLr`r gSA ;g ls vfèkd dh deh çkIr djuk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh
{ks=k (iUuk e>xok¡) ghjk •uu ds fy;s Hkh çfl¼ gSA ugha gSA
;g mÙkjh eè; çns'k esa fLFkr ,d çeq• ck?k&Hkwfe gSA ;g Hkkjr twu 1992 esa vks”kksu ijr dks u"V djus okys inkFkks±
,d 'kq"d i.kZikrh ou gS ftldh fo'ks"krk foLr`r iBkj ij ekWfUVª;y çksVksdkWy dk ,d i{kdkj ns'k cu x;k vkSj
vkSj ?kkfV;k¡ gSaA rc ls Hkkjr us ekWfUVª;y çksVksdkWy esa gksus okys la'kksèkuksa dks
iUuk jk"Vªh; m|ku o"kZ 1981 esa cuk;k x;k FkkA bls o"kZ viuh eatwjh nh gSA Hkkjr us ekWfUVª;y çksVksdkWy vuqlwph ds
1994 esa Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk çkstsDV Vkbxj fj”koZ ?kksf"kr vuqlkj lHkh vks”kksu {k;dkjh inkFkks± dks gVkus ds y{;ksa
fd;k x;k FkkA o"kZ 2020 esa] ;wusLdks us bls eSu ,aM dks liQyrkiwoZd iwjk dj fy;k gSA
ck;ksLiQh;j çksxzke (Man and Biosphere Programme– 6. (c)
MAB) esa 'kkfey fd;k] ftlls ;g Hkkjr ds fy;s 12oha
O;k[;k% leqæh i;kZoj.k esa jsr vkSj vU; ryNV fu"d"kZ.k ij igys
çfof"V cu xbZA oSf'od MsVk IysViQkWeZ] ejhu lSaM okWp us ik;k fd leqæh
dsu unh] tks bl m|ku ls gksdj nf{k.k ls mÙkj dh vksj Mªsftax m|ksx çfr o"kZ 6 fcfy;u Vu dh •qnkbZ dj jgk
cgrh gS] ?kfM+;ky] exj rFkk vU; tyh; thoksa dk gS] ftlls tSo&fofoèkrk ,oa rVh; leqnk;ksa ij vR;fèkd çHkko
vkokl gS ,oa lcls de çnwf"kr ufn;ksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj iM+ jgk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
;equk dh lgk;d unh gSA u;k MsVk IysViQkWeZ fo'o ds leqæh okrkoj.k esa jsr] feV~Vh]
Hkkjr esa ikbZ tkus okyh fx¼ksa dh ukS çtkfr;ksa esa ls lkr xkn] ctjh vkSj pV~Vku dh Mªsftax xfrfofèk;ksa dks VªSd
çtkfr;k¡ iUuk esa ikbZ tkrh gSaA dsu&csrok fjoj baVjfyadst vkSj ekWfuVj djrk gSA la;qDr jk"Vª i;kZoj.k dk;ZØe
çkstsDV ds dkj.k ck?k vHk;kj.; yxkrkj ppkZ esa jgk gSA (UN Environment Programme– UNEP) ds varxZr
bl ifj;kstuk ls m|ku esa çeq• ck?k vkokl (CTH) ds ,ukfyfVDl dsaæ GRID&ftusok }kjk fodflr] ;g
vuqekfur 58.03 oxZ fdyksehVj (10.07 çfr'kr) dh IysViQkWeZ Mªsftax tgk”kksa ds lapkyu dh igpku djus ds
gkfu gks ldrh gSA fy;s tgk”kksa ls Lopkfyr igpku ç.kkyh (Automatic
vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA Identification System– AIS) flXuy vkSj vkfVZfiQf'k;y
baVsfytsal (AI) dk mi;ksx djrk gSA vr% dFku (2) vkSj
5. (d)
(3) lgh gSaA
O;k[;k% o"kZ 1989 dk ekWfUVª;y çksVksdkWy ,d tyok;q le>kSrk ejhu lSaM okWp dk vuqeku gS fd leqæh ,oa rVh; okrkoj.k
ugha gSA bldk mís'; DyksjksÝyksjks dkcZu (CFC) tSls vks”kksu esa çR;sd o"kZ 4 ls 8 fcfy;u Vu ckyw vkSj vU; volknksa
{kj.k inkFkks± (ODS) ls i`Foh dh j{kk djuk gS] ftudk dks fu"df"kZr fd;k tkrk gSA blds vykok] fo'ys"k.k fd;s
mi;ksx igys ,;j daMh'kfuax vkSj jsfÚtjsaV m|ksx esa fd;k x, MsVk ls irk pyrk gS fd Mªsftax dk iSekuk c<+ jgk gSA
tkrk FkkA vr% dFku (4) lgh ugha gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 3
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
CLICK FOR JOIN PCS 2024 FREE TEST SERIES & STUDY
fnYyh&110009 ubZ fnYyh ykbUl] iz;kxjkt
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj y[kumQ
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 4
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
CLICK FOR JOIN PCS 2024 FREE TEST SERIES & STUDY
fnYyh&110009 ubZ fnYyh ykbUl] iz;kxjkt olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj y[kumQ
Phone: 8448485518, 011-47532596, 8750187501 :: www.drishtiIAS.com
MATERIAL Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
lwj mÙkj dhFke >hy ds uke ls Hkh tkuh tkus okyh ½rq ifjorZu% dBksj i;kZoj.kh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds dkj.k] VSxk
ljksoj çns'k ;g ,d ekuo fufeZr tyk'k; gS_ ewy esa tSo&fofoèkrk vU; ikfjfLFkfrd ra=kksa dh rqyuk esa
:i ls xfeZ;ksa esa vkxjk 'kgj dks ty vkiwfrZ vis{kkÑr de gSA bl le; ds nkSjku] ouLifr vfèkd
djus ds fy;s cukbZ xbZ vkæZHkwfe tYn gh lfØ; gks tkrh gS vkSj fofHkUu tho&tarq lalkèkuksa dk ykHk
,d egÙoiw.kZ vkSj le`¼ ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=k mBkus ds fy;s iyk;u djrs gSaA
cu xbZA oU;tho% VSxk esa lkekU; oU;tho çtkfr;ksa esa ewl] fgj.k]
lka[; eè; ;g ekèko jk"Vªh; m|ku ds Hkhrj f'koiqjh Hkkyw] HksfM+;s] fyUDl] ykseM+h vkSj fofHkUu çdkj dh i{kh
lkxj çns'k 'kgj ds ckgjh bykds esa ,d ekuo fufeZr çtkfr;k¡ 'kkfey gSaA buesa ls dbZ i'kqvksa esa Hkh"k.k lfnZ;ksa esa
tyk'k; gSA g”kkjksa çoklh tyi{kh ,oa exj thfor jgus ds fy;s vuqdwyu gksrs gSa] tSls eksVk iQj ;k
exjePNksa dks vkokl çnku djrk gSA 'khr fuf"Ø;rkA
valqik vksfM'kk ;g egkunh unh }kjk fufeZr ,d NksVh ehBs vkfFkZd egÙo% VSxk vkfFkZd :i ls egÙoiw.kZ gS D;ksafd
>hy ikuh dh xks•qj >hy (Oxbow Lake) gS] ;g dk"B~; tSls lalkèku çnku djrk gSA ;g dkcZu HkaMkj.k
tks le`¼ tSo&fofoèkrk ds fy;s jk"Vªh; Lrj esa Hkh Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gS vkSj oSf'od tyok;q dks fofu;fer
ij tkuh tkrh gSA djus esa enn djrk gSA
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
11. (c)
mPp vfèkikni (,fiiQkbV~l) fofoèkrk% vfèkikni {ks=kksa lfgr lHkh leqæksa vkSj egklkxjksa ds çdk'koku {ks=kksa
(,fiiQkbV~l) fofHkUu çdkj ds ikfjfLFkfrd ra=kksa esa ik, esa ekStwn gksrs gSaA mudk dqy tSfod Hkkj Hkwfe ij ekStwn
tkrs gSa] ftuesa m".kdfVcaèkh; o"kkZou] es?k ou vkSj dqy ikSèkksa dh rqyuk esa dbZ xquk vfèkd gksrk gS vkSj os
le'khrks".k ou 'kkfey gSaA buesa vkWfdZM] czksesfy;kM] iQuZ] tyh; okrkoj.k esa pkjkxkg ds :i esa dke djrs gSaA
ekWl vkSj ykbdsu 'kkfey gks ldrs gSaA vr% dFku (1), (2), (3) vkSj (4) lgh gSaA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 6
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
CLICK FOR JOIN PCS 2024 FREE TEST SERIES & STUDY
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MATERIAL Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
14. (b) ,e-lh- esgrk cuke Hkkjr la?k] AIR 1987 SC 1086 esa
O;k[;k% i;kZoj.k laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1986, Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k dkuwu lokZsPp U;k;ky; us çnw"k.k eqDr okrkoj.k esa jgus ds vfèkdkj
dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fgLlk gSA bldk çkFkfed mís'; dsaæ ljdkj dks lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 21 ds rgr thou ds ewy vfèkdkj
vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa dks i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk ,oa lqèkkj ds fy;s dk ,d fgLlk ekukA bl çdkj] vfèkfu;e us ¶yksdl LVSaMh¸
mik; djus gsrq l'kDr cukuk gSA ;g vfèkfu;e dsaæ ljdkj (Locus Standi) ds fu;e dks f'kfFky dj fn;k vkSj ,slh NwV
dks i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk vkSj fofHkUu i;kZoj.kh; eqíksa dks lacksfèkr ds dkj.k ,d vke ukxfjd Hkh U;k;ky; dk njok”kk •V•Vk
djus ds mís'; ls uhfr;k¡ ,oa fu;e cukus rFkk ykxw djus ds ldrk gSA vr% dFku (II) lgh gSA
fy;s ,d :ijs•k çnku djrk gSA 15. (b)
;g vfèkfu;e dsaæ ljdkj dks fdlh Hkh m|ksx ds lapkyu
O;k[;k% egklkxj dk vEyhdj.k i`Foh ds ok;qeaMy esa dkcZu
;k çfØ;k] fu"ksèk] can djus ;k fofu;eu ds fy;s funZs'k MkbvkWDlkbM (CO2) ds c<+rs Lrj dk ,d vPNh rjg ls
tkjh djus dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA dsaæ ljdkj bl lacaèk esa çysf•r ifj.kke gSA tc CO2 ok;qeaMy esa mRlftZr gksrk gS]
U;k;ky; dk vkns'k çkIr fd;s fcuk lhèks fo|qr ;k ty rks bldk ,d egÙoiw.kZ fgLlk fo'o ds egklkxjksa }kjk
dh vkiwfrZ ;k fdlh vU; lsok dks jksdus] fofu;fer djus vo'kksf"kr dj fy;k tkrk gSA ;g vo'kksf"kr CO2 ty ds
ds fy;s Hkh vfèkÑr gSA vr% dFku (I) lgh gSA
lkFk vfHkfØ;k djds dkckZsfud vEy cukrk gS] ftlls lkxjh;
i;kZoj.k laj{k.k vfèkfu;e] 1986 ds varxZr dqN çeq• çkoèkku ty dk pH de gks tkrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] egklkxj vfèkd
vkSj 'kfDr;ksa esa 'kkfey gSa% vEyh; gks tkrs gSaA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
ekud fuèkkZj.k% vfèkfu;e dsaæ ljdkj dks i;kZoj.k çnw"k.k egklkxj dh vEyrk esa ;g o`f¼ leqæh ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k
dks fu;af=kr djus vkSj jksdus ds fy;s fofHkUu çnw"kdksa ,oa ij gkfudkjd çHkko Mky ldrh gS] fo'ks"k :i ls mu thoksa
mRltZu ds fy;s i;kZoj.kh; xq.koÙkk ekud fuèkkZfjr djus ij tks vius 'kSy ;k dadky ds fuekZ.k ds fy;s dSfY'k;e
dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA dkckZsusV ij fuHkZj djrs gSaA dbZ leqæh çtkfr;k¡] ftuesa
xfrfofèk;ksa dk fofu;eu% ;g dsaæ ljdkj dks mu fofHkUu çdkj ds Iyod] ewaxs] eksyLd (tSls DySe vkSj
xfrfofèk;ksa ;k çfØ;kvksa dks fofu;fer vkSj çfrcafèkr djus lhi) vkSj 'kSoky ,oa ØLVsf'k;al dh dqN çtkfr;k¡ 'kkfey
dh vuqefr nsrk gS ftudk i;kZoj.k ij çfrdwy çHkko iM+ gSa] lqj{kkRed 'kSy ;k dadky cukus ds fy;s dSfY'k;e
ldrk gSA dkckZsusV dk mi;ksx djrh gSaA ;g lkxjh; ty dks leqæh
i;kZoj.kh; çHkko vkadyu (EIA)% vfèkfu;e dqN thoksa ds fy;s vfèkd la{kkjd cukrk gSA vr% dFku (3)
ifj;kstukvksa vkSj xfrfofèk;ksa dks eatwjh nsus ;k vkxs c<+us lgh ugha gSA
dh vuqefr nsus ls igys muds laHkkfor i;kZoj.kh; çHkkoksa tSls&tSls egklkxj vfèkd vEyh; gksrk tkrk gS] lkxjh;
dk vkadyu djus ds fy;s i;kZoj.kh; çHkko vkdyu ty esa dkckZsusV vk;uksa dh miyCèkrk de gksrh tkrh gSA
vk;ksftr djus dh vko';drk çnku djrk gSA dkckZsusV vk;u dSfY'k;e dkckZsusV lajpukvksa ds fy;s
naM vkSj çorZu% vfèkfu;e i;kZoj.k fu;eksa ds mYya?ku vko';d fuekZ.k •aM gSaA ;s dkckZsusV vk;u dsYlhHkou
ds fy;s naM dh :ijs•k rS;kj djrk gS vkSj bu fu;eksa dks çfØ;k ds fy;s vko';d gksrs gSaA tc ;s vk;u de miyCèk
ykxw djus dh 'kfDr;ksa okys vfèkdkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr dk gksrs gS]a rks bu leqæh thoksa ds fy;s dSfY'k;e dkckZus Vs &vkèkkfjr
çkoèkku djrk gSA lqj{kkRed lajpukvksa dks cukuk vkSj cuk, j•uk vfèkd
oU;thoksa dk laj{k.k% tcfd vfèkfu;e dk çkFkfed è;ku pqukSrhiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA blds ifj.kkeLo:i 'kSy ;k dadky
lexz i;kZoj.k dh lqj{kk vkSj lqèkkj ij gS] blesa oU;thoksa de”kksj gks ldrs gSa] ftlls ;s tho f'kdkj] chekjh vkSj
,oa muds vkoklksa dh lqj{kk ls lacfa èkr çkoèkku Hkh 'kkfey gSAa i;kZoj.kh; rukoksa ds çfr vfèkd laosnu'khy gks tkrs gSaA
lgdkjh la?kokn% vfèkfu;e i;kZoj.kh; eqíksa ds lekèkku vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
esa dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjksa ds chp lg;ksx dks çksRlkfgr ;g egklkxjh; •k| Ük`a•ykvksa vkSj ikfjfLFkfrd ra=k dks
djrk gS vkSj ;g jkT; ljdkjksa dks vfèkfu;e ds çkoèkkuksa ckfèkr dj ldrk gS D;ksafd dbZ çtkfr;k¡ •k| lzksr ds :i
ds vuqlkj fu;e rFkk vfèkfu;e cukus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA esa çHkkfor thoksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSaA
641] çFke ry] 21] iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 7
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olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj y[kumQ
ea=kh jk"Vªifr ds çlkni;±r in èkkj.k djrs gSaA vr% dFku vuq'kalk djrh gSA
(2) lgh ugha gSA lfefr laln ds nksuksa lnuksa esa ekStwn gSA
vuqPNsn 75(3) yksdlHkk ds çfr eaf=kifj"kn dh lkewfgd lajpuk vkSj vè;{k% blesa yksdlHkk esa vè;{k dh vè;{krk
mÙkjnkf;Ro ds fl¼kar dks LFkkfir djrk gSA blesa dgk x;k esa 15 lnL; gksrs gSa vkSj jkT;lHkk esa insu vè;{k dh
gS fd çèkkuea=kh ds usr`Ro esa eaf=kifj"kn lkewfgd :i ls vè;{krk esa 16 lnL; gksrs gSaA
yksdlHkk ds çfr mÙkjnk;h gSA ;fn yksdlHkk eaf=kifj"kn ds dksje% ,slk dksbZ dksje ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA
f•ykiQ vfo'okl çLrko ikfjr djrh gS] rks mUgsa R;kxi=k fo'ks"k vkeaf=kr lnL;% ;fn milHkkifr lfefr dk fgLlk
nsuk gksxkA vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA ugha gS] rks mls vkeaf=kr fd;k tkrk gSA
20. (a) ijaijk ds vuqlkj lalnh; dk;Z ea=kh dks Hkh vkeaf=kr fd;k
jk; esa og O;fDr ,d çfrf"Br U;k;fon~ gS ;k ughaA eq[;ea=kh cu ldrk gS] bl vofèk ds nkSjku mls Ng ekg
vk;q% fu;qfDr ds le; mEehnokj dh vk;q 65 o"kZ ls de ds Hkhrj jkT; foèkkueaMy (nksuksa lnuksa esa ls fdlh ,d)
gksuh pkfg;sA lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k dh lsokfuo`fÙk ds fy;s fuokZfpr gksuk iM+sxkA vr% dFku (I) lgh gS vkSj
dh vk;q 65 o"kZ gSA lafoèkku us lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds dFku (II) lgh ugha gSA
U;k;kèkh'k ds :i esa fu;qfDr ds fy;s U;wure vk;q fuèkkZfjr eq[;ea=kh dks jkT; foèkkueaMy ds nksuksa lnuksa esa ls fdlh
ugha dh gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA ,d dk lnL; gksuk vfuok;Z gSA
Hkkjr esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dk dk;Zdky Hkkjr jkT;iky ds çlkni;±r eq[;ea=kh in èkkj.k djrk gS vkSj in
ds lafoèkku ds çkoèkkuksa }kjk 'kkflr gksrk gSA muds dk;Zdky dh vofèk fuf'pr ugha gksrh gSA
ls lacafèkr eq[; fcanq bl çdkj gSa% eq[;ea=kh dks rc fu"dkflr fd;k tk ldrk gS tc og
lsokfuo`fÙk dh vk;q% Hkkjr esa lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds
jkT; foèkkueaMy ls cgqer dk leFkZu çkIr ugha dj ikrk gSA
U;k;kèkh'k 65 o"kZ dh vk;q esa lsokfuo`Ùk gksrs gSaA ;g lafoèkku
jkT; foèkkueaMy eq[;ea=kh dk osru fuèkkZfjr djrk gSA
ds vuqPNsn 124(2) esa fufnZ"V gSA
jkT;iky eq[;ea=kh dks in dh 'kiFk fnykus ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSA
fuf'pr vofèk% dqN vU; ns'kksa ds foijhr tgk¡ U;k;kèkh'kksa
dks thou Hkj ds fy;s fu;qDr fd;k tkrk gS] Hkkjr esa] 24. (d)
lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dh lsok dh ,d fuf'pr
O;k[;k% jkT; fuokZpu vk;qDr (SEC)%
vofèk gksrh gS tc rd fd os 65 o"kZ dh vk;q rd ugha
igq¡p tkrsA bl vk;q rd igq¡pus ds ckn mUgsa vius U;kf;d fooj.k
dÙkZO;ksa ls lsokfuo`Ùk gksuk gksxkA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA ifjp; jkT; fuokZpu vk;qDr fdlh jkT; ds Hkhrj
R;kxi=k% U;k;kèkh'k 65 o"kZ dh vk;q rd igq¡pus ls iwoZ LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ds fy;s Lora=k vkSj fu"i{k
vius in ls R;kxi=k ns ldrs gSaA os viuk R;kxi=k Hkkjr pquko djkus ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gSA
ds jk"Vªifr dks lkSai ldrs gSaA jkT; fuokZpu jkT;iky }kjk fu;qfDrA
fu"dklu% lokZsPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'kksa dks egkfHk;ksx vk;q D r dh
çfØ;k }kjk in ls fu"dkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ,d fu;qfDr
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 10
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
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'kfDr;k¡% ;g vuqPNsn ernkrk lwph dh rS;kjh vkSj iapk;rksa 4. ijke'kZ% bl vfèkfu;e ds vuqlkj vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa esa
vuqPNsn 243K (vuqPNsn 243ZA ds rgr uxj ikfydk) ds fdlh Hkh fodkl ifj;kstuk ;k xfrfofèk;ksa dks vkjaHk
(1) pqukoksa ds lapkyu dk vèkh{k.k] funZs'ku vkSj djus ls iwoZ xzke lHkk ls ijke'kZ djuk vko';d gSA
fu;a=k.k jkT; pquko vk;ksx dks lkSairk gS] 5. fuos'k% ;g vfèkfu;e xzke lHkk vkSj xzke iapk;r dks
ftldh vè;{krk jkT;iky }kjk fu;qDr jkT; vius dk;Z djus esa l{ke cukus ds fy;s èku gLrkarfjr
pquko vk;qDr djrs gSaA djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA
dk;Zdky% blesa dgk x;k gS] fd jkT; pquko vk;qDr 6. Hkwfe% ;g vfèkfu;e vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa esa tutkrh; leqnk;ksa
vuqPNsn 243K dk dk;Zdky vkSj fu;qfDr jkT; foèkkueaMy ds Hkwfe vfèkdkjksa dks lqj{kk çnku djrk gS] ftlds fy;s
(2) }kjk fufeZr fofèk }kjk funZsf'kr gksxhA ;g vko';d gS fd fdlh Hkh Hkwfe ds vfèkxzg.k ;k
fu"dklu jkT; pquko vk;qDr ds ikl mPp U;k;ky; ds gLrkarj.k ls iwoZ mudh lgefr çkIr dh tk,A
U;k;kèkh'k dk n”kkZ osru vkSj HkÙkk çkIr gS 7. lkaLÑfrd vkSj lkekftd çFkk,¡% ;g vfèkfu;e
vkSj mls mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k ds vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa esa tutkrh; leqnk;ksa dh lkaLÑfrd vkSj
leku fu;e rFkk leku vkèkkjksa ds vfrfjDr lkekftd çFkkvksa dh j{kk djrk gS vkSj bu çFkkvksa esa
in ls fu"dkflr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA fdlh Hkh gLr{ksi ij jksd yxkrk gSA
26. (b)
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
25. (b) O;k[;k% vuqPNsn 244(2)% NBh vuqlwph ds çkoèkku vle] es?kky;]
f=kiqjk vkSj fe”kksje jkT;ksa ds tutkrh; {ks=kksa ds ç'kklu ij
O;k[;k% ik¡poha vuqlwph esa of.kZr {ks=kksa esa tutkrh; Lo&'kklu dks
ykxw gksaxsA
l{ke djus ds fy;s PESA vfèkfu;e 24 fnlacj] 1996
dks ykxw fd;k x;k FkkA vfèkfu;e us ik¡poha vuqlwph okys Lo'kklh f”kys vkSj Lok;Ùk {ks=k%
jkT;ksa ds tutkrh; {ks=kksa esa iapk;rksa ds çkoèkkuksa dk foLrkj pkj jkT;ksa vle] es?kky;] f=kiqjk vkSj fe”kksje esa tutkrh;
fd;kA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA {ks=kksa dks Lo'kklh f”kyksa ds :i esa ç'kkflr fd;k tkrk gSA
;g vfèkfu;e Hkkjr ds vuqlwfpr {ks=kksa ij ykxw gksrk gS] tks jkT;iky dks Lo'kklh f”kyksa dks LFkkfir vkSj iquLFkkZfir djus
jk"Vªifr }kjk eq[; :i ls tutkrh; leqnk;ksa gsrq vfèklwfpr dk vfèkdkj gSA og fdlh Lok;Ùk f”kys dh lhek,¡ c<+k]
{ks=k gSaA islk vfèkfu;e ds dqN çeq• çkoèkku bl çdkj gSa% ?kVk ;k uke Hkh ifjofrZr ldrk gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
1. xzke lHkk% islk vfèkfu;e xzke lHkk dh LFkkiuk djrk f”kyk ifj"knksa vkSj {ks=kh; ifj"knksa dk xBu%
gS] tks fodkl çfØ;k esa leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh ds fy;s çR;sd Lo'kklh f”kys ds fy;s ,d f”kyk ifj"kn gksxh ftlesa
,d eap gSA xzke lHkk fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dh igpku 30 ls vfèkd lnL; ugha gksaxs] ftuesa ls pkj O;fDr;ksa dks
fodkl ;kstukvksa dh rS;kjh vkSj bu ;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u jkT;iky }kjk ukfer fd;k tk,xk vkSj cdk;k o;Ld
ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gksrh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA erkfèkdkj ds vkèkkj ij pqus tk,axsA
2. xzke&Lrjh; laLFkku% ;g vfèkfu;e fodkl xfrfofèk;ksa
Lo'kklh {ks=k }kjk xfBr çR;sd {ks=k ds fy;s ,d vyx
dks lapfyr djus vkSj leqnk; dks cqfu;knh lsok,¡ çnku {ks=kh; ifj"kn gksxhA
djus ds fy;s xzke&Lrjh; laLFkkuksa dh LFkkiuk dk çkoèkku
djrk gSA bu laLFkkvksa esa xzke iapk;r] xzke lHkk vkSj f”kyk ifj"knksa vkSj {ks=kh; ifj"knksa dks dkuwu cukus dk vfèkdkj%
iapk;r lfefr 'kkfey gSaA f”kyk vkSj {ks=kh; ifj"knksa dks dqN fufnZ"V fo"k;ksa tSls Hkwfe]
3. 'kfDr;k¡ vkSj dk;Z% PESA vfèkfu;e xzke lHkk vkSj ou çcaèku (vkjf{kr ou ds vykok)] laifÙk dh fojklr
xzke iapk;r dks çkÑfrd lalkèkuksa ds çcaèku] i;kZoj.k vkfn ij dkuwu cukus dk vfèkdkj gSA
dh lqj{kk vkSj vkfFkZd xfrfofèk;ksa ds fofu;eu ds lacaèk bu ifj"knksa dks ml vuqlwfpr f”kys esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr
esa egÙoiw.kZ 'kfDr;k¡ vkSj dk;Z çnku djrk gS] ftlesa ds fuokfl;ksa ds vykok fdlh vU; O;fDr }kjk lkgwdkjh
xks.k •futksa dh uhykeh }kjk nksgu ds fy;s fj;k;r nsuk ;k O;kikj ds fu;eu vkSj fu;a=k.k ds fy;s dkuwu cukus dk
Hkh 'kkfey gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA Hkh vfèkdkj çnku fd;k x;k gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 11
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
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641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 12
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
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MATERIAL Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
vuqPNsn 262 varjkZT;h; ufn;ksa ;k unh ?kkfV;ksa ds ty ml fLFkfr esa çfrdj dk dksbZ lqfuf'pr vfèkdkj ugha gS]
ls lacafèkr fooknksa ds U;k;fu.kZ;u ls lacafèkr gSA blesa ftlesa jkT; futh laifÙk dk vfèkxzg.k djrk gS ;k mldh
fuEufyf•r çkoèkku 'kkfey gSa% vko';drk gksrh gSA bls lafoèkku ds ewy <k¡ps ds Hkkx ds
laln dkuwu }kjk fdlh Hkh varjkZT;h; unh ;k unh ?kkVh ds :i esa 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
ty ds mi;ksx] forj.k ;k fu;a=k.k ds lacaèk esa fdlh Hkh blesa dgk x;k gS] fd fdlh dh laifÙk dk vfèkxzg.k rc
fookn ;k f'kdk;r dk U;k;fu.kZ;u dj ldrh gSA rd ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS] tc rd mlds ikl ,slk djus
bl lafoèkku esa fdlh ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh] laln] fofèk } dk dkuwuh vfèkdkj u gksA
kjk] micaèk dj ldsxh fd mPpre U;k;ky; ;k dksbZ vU; 30. (d)
U;k;ky; •aM (1) esa fufnZ"V fdlh fookn ;k ifjokn ds
lacaèk esa vfèkdkfjrk dk ç;ksx ugha djsxkA vr% dFku (1) O;k[;k% lafoèkku ds vuqPNsn 324 esa çkoèkku gS fd laln] jkT;
lgh gSA foèkkulHkkvksa] Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr vkSj Hkkjr ds mijk"Vªifr
ds pqukoksa ds lapkyu] funZs'ku vkSj fu;a=k.k dh 'kfDr pquko
Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dk vuqPNsn 263 varjkZT;h; ifj"kn ds
vk;ksx esa fufgr gksxhA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
lacaèk esa fuEu çkoèkkuksa ls lacafèkr gSA blesa fuEufyf•r çkoèkku
jk"Vªifr eq[; pquko vk;qDr ds lkFk vU; pquko
'kkfey gSa%
vk;qDrksa dh fu;qfDr Hkh djrk gSA
;fn fdlh Hkh le; jk"Vªifr dks ;g çrhr gksrk gS fd ,d
dk;Zdky 6 o"kZ ;k 65 o"kZ dh vk;q rd] tks Hkh igys
ifj"kn dh LFkkiuk ls yksd fgr dh flf¼ gksxh] tks fd
gksA lafoèkku pquko vk;qDr dh fu;qfDr ds fy;s dksbZ U;wure
jkT;ksa ds chp tks fookn mRiUu gks x, gksa mudh tk¡p djus
vk;q ekunaM fuèkkZfjr ugha djrk gSA vr% dFku (4)
vkSj mu ij lykg nsus ds fy;s gksxh
lgh ugha gSA
mu fo"k;ksa dh tk¡p vkSj ppkZ djuk ftuesa dqN ;k lHkh
pquko vk;qDr dk n”kkZ] osru vkSj HkÙks Hkkjr ds lokZsPp
jkT;ksa ;k la?k vkSj ,d ;k vfèkd jkT;ksa dk lk>k fgr gSA
U;k;ky; ds U;k;kèkh'k ds leku gSaA
vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
eq[; pquko vk;qDr dks laln }kjk egkfHk;ksx ds ekè;e
29. (c)
ls gh in ls fu"dkflr fd;k tk ldrk gSA jk"Vªifr eq[;
O;k[;k% o"kZ 1978 ds 44osa la'kksèku vfèkfu;e }kjk laifÙk ds pquko vk;qDr ds ijke'kZ ls vU; lnL;ksa dks gVk ldrk gSA
vfèkdkj dks ekSfyd vfèkdkjksa dh lwph ls fujflr dj fn;k x;kA eq[; pquko vk;qDr lsokfuo`fÙk ds i'pkr~ dksbZ Hkh ykHk
lafoèkku ds Hkkx XII dk vuqPNsn 300-A bls dk fofèkd dk in èkkj.k ugha dj ldrk gSA eq[; pquko vk;qDr
vfèkdkj ds :i esa LFkkfir djrk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh dks bl in ij nksckjk fu;qDr ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
ugha gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
pquko vk;ksx ds lnL;ksa dh dkuwuh] 'kS{kf.kd] ç'kklfud
fofèkd vfèkdkj ds :i esa laifÙk ds vfèkdkj ds fufgrkFkZ
;k U;kf;d vgZrk,¡ lafoèkku esa fufnZ"V ugha gSaA pquko vk;ksx
bls lalnh; fofèk ds ekè;e ls laoSèkkfud la'kksèku dh
ds lnL;ksa dk dk;Zdky Hkh lafoèkku esa fufnZ"V ugha fd;k
vko';drk ds fcuk fofu;fer fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;kuh
x;k gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
lhfer ;k la'kksfèkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% dFku (2)
gkyk¡fd] lafoèkku ljdkj dks Hkfo"; esa lsokfuo`Ùk pquko
lgh gSA
vk;qDrksa dh fu;qfDr djus ls ugha jksdrk gSA
;g futh laifÙk dks dk;Zdkjh fØ;k ls cpkrk gS ysfdu
foèkk;h fØ;k ls ughaA vr% dFku (4) lgh gSA 31. (a)
mYya?ku dh fLFkfr esa ihfM+r i{k vuqPNsn 32 (fjV lfgr O;k[;k% lalnh; vuqeksnu ,oa le;kfofèk
laoSèkkfud mipkjksa dk vfèkdkj) ds rgr bls ykxw djus vkikrdky dh mn~?kks"k.kk dks blds tkjh gksus dh rkjh• ls
ds fy;s çR;{k :i ls lokZsPp U;k;ky; esa ;kfpdk nk;j ,d ekg ds Hkhrj laln ds nksuksa lnuksa }kjk vuqeksfnr fd;k
ugha dj ldrk gSA tcfd vuqPNsn 226 ds rgr mls mPp tkuk pkfg;sA ;g çkoèkku 44osa la'kksèku }kjk çLrqr fd;k
U;k;ky; esa ;kfpdk nk;j djus dk vfèkdkj gSA x;k FkkA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 13
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
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39. (b) nkftZfyax dks fo|qr vkiwfrZ gsrq 1897 esa ,d tyfo|qr
la;=a k dh LFkkiuk ds lkFk çkjaHk gqvkA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% ;wØsu dh varjkZ"Vªh; lhek 4,345 ehy (yxHkx 6992.6
41. (b)
fdeh-) yach gS ,oa fuEufyf•r lkr ns'k blds lkFk viuh
lhek lk>k djrs gSa% O;k[;k% dukZVd ns'k esa ykSg v;Ld dk rhljk lcls cM+k mRiknd
eksYMksok jkT; gS tks fd ns'k esa dqy ykSg v;Ld mRiknu dk yxHkx
13.72% fgLlk lekfgr djrk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
iksySaM
ckck cqnu igkfM+;k¡& dukZVd ds fpdeaxywj f”kys esa fLFkr gSAa
gaxjh
dqæe s •q fu{ksi& ykSg v;Ld dk HkaMkj dukZVd ds fpdeaxywj
:l
f”kys esa gSA
Lyksokfd;k >kj•aM esa dqy ykSg v;Ld dk 25% HkaMkj ekStwn gS vkSj
csyks:l ;g ns'k esa dqy ykSg v;Ld mRiknu dk yxHkx 11.1%
jksekfu;k mRiknu djrk gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 16
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çfl¼ •nkusa uksvkeaMh] MkYVsuxat gSaA vr% dFku (2) 43. (a)
lgh gSA O;k[;k%
fu;kZr%
tyk'k; jkT;
 Hkkjr fo'o esa ykSg v;Ld dk 5ok¡ lcls cM+k fu;kZrd gSA
jk.kk çrki lkxj jktLFkku
 Hkkjr ds dqy ykSg v;Ld dk yxHkx 55% tkiku] fryS;k >kj•aM
nf{k.k dksfj;k] bZjku vkSj vU; •kM+h ns'kksa dks fu;kZr fd;k iapsr >kj•aM
tkrk gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA jkedqaMe~ rsyaxkuk
42. (c) ?kkVçHkk dukZVd
O;k[;k% ;g ,d m".kdfVcaèkh; iQly gS ftls vkerkSj ij csVy
uV (Betel nut) ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS
bldh mRifÙk esMkxkLdj ekuh tkrh gSA
,jsdk uV lkekU;r% tks fd pckus okyh lqikjh gS] ftls
yksdfç; :i ls csVy uV ;k lqikjh ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA
Hkkjr esa bldk cM+s iSekus ij mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS vkSj ;g
èkkfeZd çFkkvksa ls tqM+k gqvk gSA
Hkkjr ,jsdk uV dk lcls cM+k mRiknd vkSj lkFk gh lcls
cM+k miHkksDrk Hkh gSA
bldh Ñf"k djus okys çeq• jkT; dukZVd (40%)] dsjy
(25%)] vle (20%)] rfeyukMq] es?kky; vkSj if'pe
caxky gSaA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA
baMksusf'k;k ,jsdk uV dk 'kh"kZ fu;kZrd gS vkSj FkkbZySaM 'kh"kZ
vk;krd gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 17
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
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ugha gSA lalkj dh jpuk vkSj fodkl dk Js; çÑfr vkSj iq#"k ;g lqYrku ckt cgknqj vkSj jkuh :ierh dh çsedFkk
dks tkrk gSA bl er ds vuqlkj O;fDr okLrfod Kku çkIr ls tqM+k jgk gSA
djds eks{k çkIr dj ldrk gS vkSj mlds nq%• ges'kk ds fy;s ekaMw] dyk ,oa okLrqdyk dh ,d fof'k"V eè;;qxhu çkarh;
lekIr gks ldrs gSaA ;g Kku èkkj.kk (çR;{k)] vuqeku vkSj 'kSyh dk çfrfufèkRo djrk gSA ekaMw dh iBku okLrqdyk
'kCnksa ('kCn) ds ekè;e ls çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,slh tks fd fnYyh dh 'kkgh okLrqdyk 'kSyh ls dkiQh gn
i¼fr tk¡p dh oSKkfud ç.kkyh dh fof'k"V gSA vr% fodYi rd esy •krh gS] LFkkuh; ijaijkvksa dh fof'k"Vrk dks
(a) lgh ugha gSA
n'kkZrh gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
oS'ksf"kd n'kZu% ;g n'kZu HkkSfrd rÙoksa ;k æO; ds foe'kZ
ekaMw dh dqN mYys•uh; okLrqdyk mnkgj.kksa esa& jkW;y
dks egÙo nsrk gSA ;s fof'k"Vrkvksa vkSj muds leqPp; ds
,UDyso] fgaMksyk egy] tgk”k egy] v'kiQhZ egy]
chp ,d js•k •haprs gSaA i`Foh] ty] vfXu] ok;q vkSj
tkek efLtn vkfn 'kkfey gSaA
vkdk'k feydj ubZ oLrqvksa dks tUe nsrs gSaA oS'ksf"kd us
¶ijek.kq fl¼kar¸ dk çfriknu fd;kA bl çdkj oS'ksf"kd 50. (b)
ls Hkkjr esa HkkSfrdh dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA fdarq oSKkfud n`f"Vdks.k O;k[;k% ,yksjk xqiQk,¡%
dks bZ'oj vkSj vè;kReokn esa fo'okl ls ifjofrZr dj fn;k egkjk"Vª ds vkSjaxkckn esa fLFkr gSaA bu xqiQkvksa esa ik¡poha
x;k vkSj bl n'kZu us LoxZ vkSj eks{k nksuksa esa viuk fo'okl 'krkCnh bZ-iw- ls ysdj X;kjgoha 'krkCnh bZ-iw- rd ds rhu
j•kA vr% fodYi (b) lgh ugha gSA èkeks± ls lac¼ LFky ekStwn gSaA ;gk¡ ckS¼] czkã.k vkSj tSu
U;k; n'kZu% ;g n'kZu rdZ'kkL=k dh ç.kkyh ds :i esa laçnk; ls lacafèkr 32 xqiQk,¡ gSaA
fodflr gqvkA blds vuqlkj Kku çkfIr ls eks{k çkIr fd;k ;g 'kSyhxr mnkjokn vFkkZr~ ,d gh LFkku ij dbZ 'kSfy;ksa
tk ldrk gSA vuqeku] Jo.k vkSj lkn`'; ds ekè;e ls ds laxe dh n`f"V ls Hkh vf}rh; gSA ;gk¡ otz;ku ckS¼
rRo dh lR;rk dk ijh{k.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA rdZ ds èkeZ ls lacfa èkr Nfo;k¡ fp=kkafdr gSAa 'kSo laçnk; ls lacfa èkr
mi;ksx ij fn;s x, ”kksj us Hkkjrh; fo}kuksa dks çHkkfor fd;k fp=kkadu fo"k;ksa esa] jko.k }kjk dSyk'k ioZr dks fgykuk]
ftUgksaus O;ofLFkr fparu vkSj rdZ dks viuk;kA vr% fodYi vaèkdklqjoèk] dY;k.klqanj dks cgqrk;r ls fpf=kr fd;k
(c) lgh ugha gSA x;k gS] tcfd oS".ko laçnk; ls lacafèkr fp=kkadu fo"k;ksa
ehekalk n'kZu% dk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS rdZ vkSj foospu dh esa] fo".kq ds fofHkUu vorkjksa dks fpf=kr fd;k x;k gSA
dykA bl n'kZu ds vuqlkj osnksa esa 'kk'or lR; lekfgr gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh ugha gSA
bl n'kZu dk eq[; mís'; LoxZ vkSj eks{k çkIr djuk FkkA
vtark dh xqiQk,¡%
euq"; rc rd LoxZ dk lq• Hkksxrk jgsxk tc rd mlds
vkSjaxkckn f”kys esa fLFkr gSaA ;g 29 xqiQkvksa dk lewg
lafpr iq.; deZ jgsaxsA eks{k çkIr djus ds fy;s] ;g ;K
dh n`<+rk ls vuq'kalk djrk gS] ftlds fy;s iqtkfj;ksa dh gSA ftlesa cM+s pSR;&fogkj Hkh 'kkfey gSa vkSj bUgsa ewfrZ;ksa
lsokvksa dh vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj blus fofHkUu o.kks± ds ,oa fp=kksa ls vyaÑr fd;k x;k gSA vtark igyh 'krkCnh
chp lkekftd i`Fkdrk dks oSèk cuk;k tkrk gSA vr% fodYi bZlk iwoZ vkSj ik¡poha 'krkCnh bZLoh dh fp=kdyk dk
(d) lgh gSA
,dek=k thfor mnkgj.k gSA ekjk fot;k xqiQk la[;k 26
dk ,dek=k ,slk HkhfÙk fp=kkadu ftls ewfrZ :i esa mRdhf.kZr
49. (b)
fd;k x;k gSA
O;k[;k% ekaMw 'kgj bankSj ls 60 ehy dh nwjh ij fLFkr gSA ekaMw dh vtark ds egÙoiw.kZ laj{kd okdkVd ds jktk] gfj"ks.k
çkÑfrd lqj{kk us ijekjksa] jktiwrksa] viQxkuksa vkSj eqxyksa ds çèkkuea=kh ojkgnso] {ks=k ds LFkkuh; jktk o okdkVd
dks ;gk¡ clus gsrq çksRlkfgr fd;kA jktk] gfj"ks.k ds lkear misaæxqIr] cq¼Hkæ vkSj eFkqjknkl FksA
gks'kax'kkg }kjk LFkkfir xkSjh jktoa'k (1401&1561) dh ;gk¡ dh dqN mYys•uh; HkhfÙk fp=kkadu gSa& flagy
jktèkkuh ds :i esa] blus cgqr çflf¼ gkfly dhA vr% vonku] egktud tkrd] foèkqjiqafMrk tkrd] mex
dFku (1) lgh gS vkSj dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA tkrdA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 19
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54. (b) vkSj çfrd"kZ.k ds mUur {ks=k mRiUu djrs gSaA budk mi;ksx
varfj{k ;ku }kjk U;wure b±èku •ir ds lkFk ,d fuf'pr
O;k[;k% Loars ikcks us fu,aMjFky dh 40,000 o"kZ iqjkuh vfLr;ksa ls fLFkfr esa j•us ds fy;s varfj{k esa ¶ikfd±x LFky¸ ds
ekbVksdkWfUMª;y DNA ds ,d {ks=k dk vuqØe.k djus ds :i esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA vr% dFku (II) lgh gSA
fy;s fpfdRlk vFkok 'kjhj foKku ds fy;s ukscsy iqjLdkj
L1 ds pkjksa vksj gSyks vkWjfcV esa ,d mixzg gksus dk
thrkA bl çdkj] igyh ckj] gesa euq"; ds fdlh foyqIr
çkFkfed ykHk ;g gS fd ;g cknyksa }kjk vo#¼ fd;s
djhch ds vuqØe dks tkuus esa liQyrk çkIr gqbZA vr% dFku
fcuk vFkok xzg.k dk vuqHko fd;s fcuk yxkrkj lw;Z dk
(2) lgh ugha gSA
voyksdu dj ldrk gSA ;wjksih; varfj{k ,tsalh (ESA)
ledkyhu euq";ksa rFkk fpaiSath ds lkFk rqyuk ls irk pyk
rFkk us'kuy ,;jksukWfVDl ,aM Lisl ,MfefuLVªs'ku
fd fu,aMjFky vkuqoaf'kd :i ls fHkUu FksA vr% dFku (1)
(NASA) dh ,d ifj;kstuk gS tks lkSj rFkk gsfyvksLiQsfjd
lgh gSA
osèk'kkyk mixzg (SOHO)] L1 ikWbaV ij fLFkr gSA
vè;;u ls gesa ;g LFkkfir djus esa lgk;rk çkIr gqbZ fd
fu,aMjFky vkSj gksekslsfi;Ul lg&vfLrRo ds lkFk ijLij
tqM+s gq, FksA ledkyhu ;wjksih; rFkk ,f'k;kbZ yksxksa ds
thukse dk yxHkx 1&4% fu,aMjFky ls çkIr gq, gSA
DNA] dksf'kdk esa nks vyx&vyx Hkkxksa esa fLFkr gksrk gS%
U;wfDy;j DNA vkSj ekbVksdkWfUMª;y DNAA U;wfDy;j
DNA esa vfèkdka'k vkuqoaf'kd lwpuk gksrh gS] tcfd
vfrlw{e ekbVksdkWfUMª;y thukse gtkjksa çfr;ksa esa O;kIr
gksrk gSA
e`R;q ds ckn] DNA le; ds lkFk u"V gks tkrk gS vkSj
varr% bldh FkksM+h ek=kk gh 'ks"k jg tkrh gSA ;g cSDVhfj;k 56. (d)
rFkk ledkyhu euq";ksa ds DNA ls Hkh nwf"kr gks tkrk gSA
O;k[;k% osc 4.0 dks flafc;ksfVd osc ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk
vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
gSA bldk y{; lgthou esa euq";ksa vkSj e'khuksa ds chp ijLij
55. (a) fØ;k djuk gksxkA euq"; vkSj e'khuksa ds chp ,d lgthoh
O;k[;k% vkfnR;&L1, 1.5 fefy;u fdyksehVj dh i;kZIr nwjh ls lacaèk gksxk] tgk¡ e'khusa ekuoh; var%fØ;kvksa ls lh•us ds
lw;Z dk vè;;u djus okyk igyk varfj{k&vkèkkfjr osèk'kkyk lkFk varnZ`f"V çnku djus esa l{ke gksaxh tks fu.kZ; ysus esa
Js.kh dk Hkkjrh; lkSj fe'ku gSA L1 fcanq rd igq¡pus esa bls lgk;rk çnku dj ldrh gSaA
yxHkx 125 fnu yxsaxsA ,LVªks&lSV (o"kZ 2015) ds ckn flafc;ksfVd osc Lok;Ùk] lfØ;] lkexzh&•kst ç.kkfy;ksa
vkfnR;&L1, bljks dk nwljk •xksy foKku osèk'kkyk&Js.kh ds fodkl dh lqfoèkk çnku djsxkA ;s ç.kkfy;k¡ iwjh rjg
fe'ku Hkh gSA vr% dFku (I) lgh gSA ls ifjiDo 'kCnkFkZ ij vkèkkfjr Lo&f'k{k.k] lg;ksxh
vkfnR;&L1 dks 7 isyksM (midj.k) ds lkFk èkzqoh; mixzg vkSj lkexzh&mRiknd lkèkuksa }kjk lapkfyr gksaxhA
ç{ksi.k ;ku (PSLV) dk mi;ksx djds ykWUp fd;k x;k flafc;ksfVd osc rdZ çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk AI ds
FkkA ;g lw;Z ds dksjksuk] lw;Z ds çdk'keaMy] ØkseksLiQh;j] fy;s Hkh eap çnku djsxkA çfØ;kvksa dks Lopkfyr djus]
lkSj mRltZu] lkSj iouksa ,oa Tokykvksa rFkk dksjksuy varnZ`f"V mRiUu djus ,oa fu.kZ; ysus dks çsfjr djus ds fy;s
ekl btsD'ku (CMEs) dk vè;;u djsxk vkSj lw;Z dh AI dk ykHk mBk;k tk,xkA AI&lapkfyr Lopkyu dks xgu
pkSchlksa ?kaVs besftax çnku djsxkA f'k{k.k ekWMy vkSj çkÑfrd Hkk"kk çlaLdj.k }kjk c<+kok fn;k
ySxzsat ikWbaV] varfj{k esa fLFkr os LFkku gSa tgk¡ lw;Z vkSj tk,xkA
i`Foh tSlh nks&fiaM ç.kkyh ds xq#Rokd"kZ.k cy vkd"kZ.k vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
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:i ls iQsiQM+ksa ds lkFk&lkFk vU; vaxksa dks Hkh çHkkfor dj v.kqvksa ;k thfor thoksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bu
ldrk gS] ftldk mipkj u gksus ij ;g laHkkfor :i ls thou ç.kkfy;ksa esa viuh vuwBh fo'ks"krkvksa ds dkj.k daI;wfVax esa
ds fy;s •rjk cu ldrk gSA TB cSDVhfj;k ;qDr NksVh Økafr ykus dh {kerk gSA
ok;qtfur cw¡nksa ds lk¡l ysus ls iQSyrk gS] vkerkSj ij tc dksbZ ck;ksdaI;wVj dk ,d çeq• ?kVd DNA daI;wfVax gS]
laØfer O;fDr •kalrk vFkok Nhadrk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh tks DNA v.kqvksa dh mYys•uh; HkaMkj.k {kerk vkSj lekukarj
ugha gS rFkk dFku (2) lgh gSA çlaLdj.k {kerkvksa dks fu;ksftr djrk gSA 'kksèkdÙkkZ lwpukvksa
TB ds y{k.kksa esa yxkrkj •k¡lh] lhus esa nnZ] Fkdku] otu dks dwV djus vkSj lalkfèkr djus ds fy;s DNA LVªSaM dk
de gksuk] cq•kj vkSj jkr esa ilhuk vkuk 'kkfey gSaA ;|fi mi;ksx djrs gSa] dqN ekeyksa esa ikjaifjd daI;wVj dh rqyuk
TB vO;Dr vkSj y{k.kjfgr gks ldrh gS] ;g çfrj{kk esa tfVy leL;kvksa dk lekèkku vfèkd dq'kyrk ls dj
ç.kkyh de”kksj gksus] tks çk;% HIV laØe.k] dqiks"k.k vkfn ldrs gSaA
tSls dkjdksa ds dkj.k gksrh gSA lfØ; gks ldrh gS rFkk x.kuk ds fy;s çksVhu vkSj ,atkbe tSls tSfod ?kVdksa
xaHkhj chekjh dk dkj.k cu ldrh gSA dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,atkbe&vkèkkfjr ykWftd
TB mipkj ç;klksa esa Nkrh ds ,Dl&js rFkk cyxe dh xsV vkSj lfdZV thfor thoksa ds Hkhrj lwpuk dks lalkfèkr
tk¡p tSls uSnkfud ijh{k.kksa ds ekè;e ls 'kh?kz irk yxkuk] dj ldrs gSa] laHkkfor :i ls tSo çkS|ksfxdh vkSj fpfdRlk
mlds ckn mfpr ,aVhck;ksfVd mipkj] vkerkSj ij dbZ esa vuqç;ksxksa dks l{ke dj ldrs gSaA
eghuksa rd yh tkus okyh nokvksa dk la;kstu vkfn 'kkfey DokaVe ck;ksdaI;wVj ,d vkSj mHkjrk gqvk {ks=k gS] tks
gSA nok&çfrjksèkh TB miHksnksa dks mHkjus ls jksdus ds DokaVe ;kaf=kdh ds fl¼karksa dks tSfod ç.kkfy;ksa ds lkFk
fy;s laiw.kZ mipkj O;oLFkk dks iwjk djuk egÙoiw.kZ gSA tksM+rk gSA DokaVe fcV~l (D;wfcV~l) dks tSfod v.kqvksa
TB] ,d oSf'od LokLF; fpark cuh gqbZ gS] ftldk esa DokaVe voLFkkvksa dk mi;ksx djds dk;kZfUor fd;k tkrk
fodkl'khy ns'kksa ij vR;fèkd cks> gSA fo'o LokLF; gS] tks laHkkfor :i ls vHkwriwoZ xfr ls x.kuk dj ldrk gSA
laxBu (WHO) dh TB lekfIr j.kuhfr tSlh igy dk ck;ksdaI;wVj fpfdRlk funku vkSj mipkj] i;kZoj.k
mís'; fo'o esa TB dh ?kVukvksa vkSj e`R;q nj dks de fuxjkuh vkSj MsVk HkaMkj.k lfgr fofHkUu vuqç;ksxksa ds fy;s
djuk vkfn gSA laHkkoukvksa dks m”kkxj djrs gSaA ;s ÅtkZ n{krk ,oa tSfod
cSflyl dSYesV&xq,fju (BCG) oSDlhu ds lkFk Vhdkdj.k ç.kkfy;ksa ds lkFk vuqdwyrk dk ykHk çnku djrs gSa] tks
Hkh ,d fuokjd mik; gS] gkyk¡fd bldh çHkko'khyrk mUgsa dbZ vuqç;ksxksa ds fy;s mi;qDr cukrk gSA vr% fodYi
fHkUu&fHkUu gksrh gSA nok çfrjksèkh TB ds mipkj ds fy;s (b) lgh gSA
csMkfDofyu rFkk MsykesfuM dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA 62. (b)
vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% nqyZHk e`nk rÙo (REE) vkorZ lkj.kh esa 17 jklk;fud
61. (b)
rÙoksa dk ,d lewg gSA vius uke ds ckotwn] ;s rÙo i`Foh
O;k[;k% tkWUl gkWifdUl ;wfuoflZVh (JHU) ds oSKkfudksa us gky gh dh HkwiiZVh esa cgqrk;r esa gS vFkkZr~ ;s fo'ks"k :i ls nqyZHk
esa ¶vkWxZukWbM baVsfytsal¸ uked vuqlaèkku ds ,d laHkkfor ugha gSa] fdarq ;s fc•js gq, gksrs gSa vkSj vkerkSj ij dsafær
Økafrdkjh u, {ks=k dh ;kstuk dh :ijs•k rS;kj dh gS] ftldk v;Ldksa esa ugha ik, tkrs gSa] ftlls budk fu"d"kZ.k pqukSrhiw.kZ
mís'; ¶ck;ksdaI;wVj¸ cukuk gS% tks fd ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr vkSj egaxk gks tkrk gSA varfj{k esa vU; •xksyh; fiaMksa ij
efLr"d dh Hkk¡fr ç.kkfy;ksa dks okLrfod nqfu;k esa mi;ksx Hkh budh ekStwnxh dh iqf"V gks pqdh gSA buds lewg esa
fd;s tkus okys fofHkUu laosnh ,oa çfof"V rFkk fufof"V midj.kksa ySaFksue] lsfj;e] fu;ksfMfe;e vkSj ;sfVª;e tSls rÙo 'kkfey
ls layXu djsxkA gSaA vr% dFku (1) vkSj (2) lgh ugha gSaA
ck;ksdaI;wVj] thofoKku vkSj daI;wVj foKku ds lfEeJ.k phu us dbZ o"kks± ls REE ds oSf'od mRiknu ij viuk
ls ,d mHkjs ,d egÙoiw.kZ vR;kèkqfud {ks=k dk çfrfufèkRo ncnck cuk, j•k gS] tks oSf'od vkiwfrZ dk ,d egÙoiw.kZ
djrs gSa] tgk¡ vfHkdyukRed dk;ks± dks djus ds fy;s tSfod fgLlk gSA REE ds oSf'od mRiknu dk yxHkx 38
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ifj.kkeLo:i] cPps dks vius ukfHkd DNA (ftlesa çèkkuea=kh Hkkjrh; tuvkS"kfèk ifj;kstuk dk mís'; turk ds
mudh vfèkdka'k vkuqoaf'kd lwpuk,¡ fufgr gksrh gSa) chp tsusfjd nokvksa dks yksdfç; cukuk djuk vkSj
ekrk&firk nksuksa ls vkSj ekbVksdkWfUMª;y DNA rhljs] bl çpfyr èkkj.kk dks nwj djuk gS fd de dher okyh
LoLFk nkrk ls çkIr gksrk gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA tsusfjd nok,¡ fuEu xq.koÙkk okyh ;k de çHkkoh gksrh gSaA
65. (a) vr% dFku (4) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% tsusfjd nok,¡ iQkekZL;qfVdy mRikn gSa tks vius lfØ; 66. (c)
vo;oks]a lqj{kk] çHkkodkfjrk vkSj xq.koÙkk ds ekeys esa czkM a &uke O;k[;k% ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr ghjs mUur rduhdh çfØ;kvksa dk
okyh nokvksa ds yxHkx leku gSaA ;s nok,¡ czkaM&uke okyh mi;ksx djds mRikfnr fd;s tkrs gSa tks mu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh
nokvksa dk ykxr çHkkoh fodYi çnku djrh gSa vkSj vkèkqfud udy djrs gSa ftuds varxZr çkÑfrd ghjs i`Foh dh xgjkbZ
LokLF; ns•Hkky esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSaA vr% dFku esa curs gSaA ifj.kkeLo:i] muesa çkÑfrd ghjs ds leku
(2) lgh ugha gSA
jklk;fud lajpuk vkSj oLrqr% leku HkkSfrd xq.k gksrs gSaA ;g
lfØ; ?kVd% tsusfjd nokvksa esa muds czkaM&uke led{kksa
mUgsa çkÑfrd ghjksa ls vkSj ikjaifjd jRu foKku ijh{k.k esa
ds leku gh lfØ; ?kVd gksrs gSaA ;s lfØ; ?kVd nok
fof'k"V cukrk gSA vr% dFku (I) lgh gSA
ds fpfdRlh; çHkko'khyrk ds fy;s f”kEesnkj gksrs gSaA
ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr ghjs çkÑfrd ghjs ls jklk;fud :i
ifjHkk"kk% orZeku esa vkS"kfèk ,oa çlkèku lkexzh vfèkfu;e
ls fHkUu ugha gksrs gSa vkSj os leku xq.k lk>k djrs gSaA
1940 vkSj fu;e 1945 ds rgr tsusfjd ;k czkaMsM
çkÑfrd vkSj ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr ghjs nksuksa gh eq[; :i
nokvksa dh dksbZ ifjHkk"kk ugha gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh
ugha gSA ls dkcZu ijek.kqvksa ls cus gksrs gSa vkSj ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr
lqj{kk vkSj çHkkodkfjrk% tsusfjd nokvksa dks dBksj ijh{k.k
ghjs vkerkSj ij dkcZu dks vius dkcZu lzksr ds :i esa
ls xqtjuk iM+rk gS vkSj mUgsa dM+s xq.koÙkk ,oa lqj{kk ekudksa mi;ksx djrs gSaA
dks iwjk djuk gksrk gSA bUgsa czkaM uke okyh nokvksa dh rjg •uu ls lacafèkr i;kZoj.kh; çHkko de gksus ds dkj.k
gh lqjf{kr vkSj çHkkoh ekuk tkrk gSA ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr ghjs dks vDlj çkÑfrd ghjs dh
oguh;% tsusfjd nok,¡ vkerkSj ij czkaM&uke okyh nokvksa rqyuk esa vfèkd i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy ekuk tkrk gSA muds
dh rqyuk esa vfèkd lLrh gksrh gSaA ;g ykxr varj blfy;s mRiknu esa vkerkSj ij de ÅtkZ dh •ir gksrh gS ,oa de
mRiUu gksrk gS D;ksfa d tsufs jd nok fuekZrk czkMa &uke fuekZrkvksa dkcZu mRltZu gksrk gS] ftlls os i;kZoj.kh; eqíksa ds ckjs
dh rjg mPp vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl O;; ugha mBkrs gSaA esa fpafrr miHkksDrkvksa ds fy;s vfèkd èkkj.kh; fodYi cu
miyCèkrk% tsusfjd nok,¡ O;kid :i ls miyCèk gSa vkSj tkrs gSaA vr% dFku (II) lgh ugha gSA
LokLF; is'ksojksa }kjk budks fu;r fd;k tkrk gSA ;s eq[;èkkjk ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr ghjs çkÑfrd ghjksa dh rqyuk esa dbZ
dh iQkeZsfl;ksa ij lqyHk :i ls miyCèk gSa vkSj bUgsa chek
iQk;ns çnku djrs gSa%
;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls çkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls
oguh;% ;s vkerkSj ij vius çkÑfrd led{kksa dh rqyuk
vko';d nok,¡ O;kid vkcknh ds fy;s vfèkd lqyHk
esa vfèkd fdiQk;rh gksrs gSaA
gks tkrh gSaA tsusfjd nokvksa dk mRiknu vkerkSj ij mu
uSfrd vkSj èkkj.kh;% ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr ghjs i;kZoj.k
daifu;ksa dh rqyuk esa fHkUu iQkekZL;qfVdy daifu;ksa }kjk
fd;k tkrk gS tks czkaM&uke okyh nokvksa dk fodkl vkSj vkSj uSfrd fparkvksa ls tqM+s ugha gksrs gSa tks vDlj ghjs ds
foi.ku djrh gSaA vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA •uu ls tqM+h gksrh gSaA
fofu;eu% ljdkjh fu;ked ,tsafl;k¡ tsusfjd nokvksa dh vuqdwyu% bUgsa fofHkUu vkdkjksa] vkÑfr;ksa vkSj jaxksa esa
xq.koÙkk ,oa lqj{kk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s muds vuqeksnu mRikfnr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls vkHkw"k.k fM”kkbu esa
vkSj fofuekZ.k çfØ;kvksa dh fuxjkuh djrh gSaA ;g fu;ked vuqdwyu dh vuqefr feyrh gSA
fujh{k.k ;g lqfuf'pr djrk gS fd tsusfjd nok,¡ czkaM&uke fuxjkuh% ç;ksx'kkyk esa fodflr ghjksa dh mRiknu çfØ;k
nokvksa ds leku dBksj ekudksa dks iwjk djrh gSaA fuxjkuh ;ksX; vkSj ikjn'khZ gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 25
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iwath dk ,d Hkkx o"kZ ds nkSjku ewY;ßkl ds dkj.k u"V gks cpr çek.ki=kksa dks NksM+dj)
tkrk gSA bls ewY;ßkl dgk tkrk gSA M1 vkSj M2 dks ladqfpr eqæk (uSjks euh) ds :i esa tkuk
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MATERIAL Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
vFkZO;oLFkk esa gj dksbZ vius èku dks eqæk vfèk'ks"k ds :i 73. (b)
esa j•rk gSA ;fn vFkZO;oLFkk esa vfrfjDr eqæk batsDV dh O;k[;k% jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ljdkj ds dqy O;; vkSj mèkkj dks
tkrh gS] rks bldk mi;ksx caèki=k dh ekax esa o`f¼ vkSj NksM+dj mldh dqy çkfIr;ksa ds chp dk varj gS
iqu% Lrj ls uhps C;kt dh nj esa deh ds fcuk] eqæk ldy jktdks"kh; ?kkVk ¾ dqy O;; & (jktLo çkfIr;k¡ $
vfèk'ks"k ds fy;s yksxksa ds ykyp dks ifjr`Ir djus esa bldk xSj&½.k l`tu iwathxr çkfIr;k¡)_ vr% dFku (1) lgh
mi;ksx fd;k tk,xkA ,slh fLFkfr dks rjyrk ik'k dgrs ugha gSA
gSA lV~Vk fy;s eqæk dh ekax iQyu ;gk¡ vuar ykspnkj gSA çkFkfed ?kkVk dsoy jktdks"kh; ?kkVk gS ftlesa ls C;kt
71. (d) Hkqxrku dks ?kVk fn;k tkrk gSA
O;k[;k% ns'k dh ekSfæd laLFkk Hkkjrh; fj”koZ cSad (RBI) dh çkFkfed ?kkVk ¾ jktdks"kh; ?kkVk & C;kt Hkqxrku_ vr%]
dqy nsunkjh dks ekSfæd vkèkkj ;k mPp 'kfDr'kkyh eqæk dFku (2) lgh gSA
dgk tkrk gSA jktLo ?kkVk% jktLo ?kkVk jktLo çkfIr;ksa ij ljdkj ds
blesa eqæk (turk ds ikl çpyu esa uksV vkSj flDds vkSj jktLo O;; dh vfèkdrk dks lanfHkZr djrk gSA jktLo ?kkVk
okf.kfT;d cSadksa dh tek iwath) vkSj Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj ¾ jktLo O;; & jktLo çkfIr;k¡
okf.kfT;d cSadksa }kjk RBI ds ikl tek jkf'k 'kkfey gSA 74. (c)
vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
O;k[;k% iwath •krk ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds lHkh varjkZ"Vªh; ysu&nsu dks fjdkWMZ
RBI mPp 'kfDr'kkyh eqnzk ds LVkWd] cSad nj vkSj okf.kfT;d djrk gSA
cSadksa dh vkjf{kr vko';drkvksa dks fu;af=kr djds èku ifjlaifÙk mu :iksa dks lanfHkZr djrh gS ftuesa èku dk laxzg
vkiwfrZ dks fu;af=kr djrk gSA gksrk gS] mnkgj.k ds fy;s% èku] LVkWd] ckaM] ljdkjh ½.k]
72. (a) vkfnA laifÙk dh •jhn iwath •krs ij ½.k lkèku gSA
;fn dksbZ Hkkjrh; vesfjdh dkj daiuh •jhnrk gS] rks og
O;k[;k% ctV ds lkFk&lkFk] rhu uhfrxr oDrO; jktdks"kh;
mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ctV çcaèku vfèkfu;e] 2003 (FRBMA) } iwath •krs ds ysu&nsu dks MsfcV vkbVe ds :i esa ntZ
djrk gS (D;ksafd fons'kh eqæk Hkkjr ls ckgj cg jgh gS)A
kjk vfuok;Z gSaA
vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
eè;e vofèk dh jktdks"kh; uhfr oDrO; fof'k"V
nwljh vksj] phuh xzkgd dks fdlh Hkkjrh; daiuh ds 'ks;j
jktdks"kh; ladsrdksa ds fy;s rhu lky dk jksfyax y{;
fuèkkZfjr vkSj tk¡p djrk gS fd D;k jktLo O;; dks dh fcØh tSlh ifjlaifÙk;ksa dh fcØh iwath •krs ij ,d
LFkk;h vkèkkj ij jktLo çkfIr;ksa ds ekè;e ls foÙkiksf"kr ØsfMV en gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
çR;{k fons'kh fuos'k (FDI)] fons'kh laLFkkxr fuos'k (FII)]
fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj ck”kkj mèkkj lfgr iwathxr çkfIr;ksa
dk mi;ksx dSls fd;k tk jgk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ckgjh mèkkj vkSj lgk;rk tSlh oLrq,¡ iwath •krk ysu&nsu
ugha gSA dk fgLlk gSaA vr% dFku (4) lgh gSA
vn`'; esa lsok,¡] LFkkukarj.k vkSj vk; dk çokg 'kkfey gS
jktdks"kh; uhfr j.kuhfr oDrO; jktdks"kh; {ks=k esa
ljdkj dh çkFkfedrkvksa dks fuèkkZfjr djrk gS] ekStwnk tks fofHkUu ns'kksa ds chp gksrk gS vkSj pkyw •krk ysu&nsu
dk fgLlk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
uhfr;ksa dh tk¡p djrk gS vkSj egÙoiw.kZ jktdks"kh; mik;ksa
esa fdlh Hkh fopyu dks mfpr Bgjkrk gSA vr% dFku (2) 75. (c)
lgh gSA O;k[;k% yanu baVjcSad vkWiQj jsV (LIBOR)
eSØksbdksukWfed ÚseodZ LVsVesaV GDP fodkl nj] dsaæ yanu baVjcSad vkWiQj jsV (LIBOR) ,d egÙoiw.kZ C;kt nj
ljdkj ds foÙkh; larqyu vkSj ckgjh larqyu ds lacaèk esa gS ftl ij çeq• oSf'od cSad vYidkfyd ½.k ds fy;s
vFkZO;oLFkk dh laHkkoukvksa dk vkdyu djrk gSA vr% varjkZ"Vªh; baVjcSad ck”kkj esa ,d nwljs dks mèkkj nsrs gSaA
dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
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lkFk gh f'ko Hkqtax=kkflr dh fLFkfr esa viuh ck¡;k iSj
mBk, gq, gSa tks ¶frjksHkko¸
;kuh HkDr ds eu ls ek;k
;k Hkze dk ijnk gVk nsus
dk |ksrd gSA
mudh pkjksa Hkqtk,¡ ckgj
dh vksj iQSyh gqbZ gSa vkSj
eq[; nkfguk gkFk ¶vHk;
gLr¸ dh eqæk esa mBk
gqvk gSA
87. (a)
mudk Åijh nk;k¡ gkFk
Me:] tks mudk fç; ok| gS] idM+s gq, rkyc¼ èofu O;k[;k% èkzqin vkSj [;ky fganqLrkuh 'kkL=kh; laxhr ijaijk ds nks
mRiUu djrk gqvk fn•k;k x;k gSA çeq• ?kjkus gSaA
Åijh ck;k¡ gkFk Tokyk dks èkkj.k fd;s gq, gS tcfd [;ky laxhr dh mRifÙk dk Js; okLro esa vehj •qljks
eq[; Åijh ck;k¡ ¶nksygLr¸ eqæk esa nkfgus gkFk dh dks fn;k tkrk gS] ftUgsa Hkkjrh; 'kkL=kh; laxhr dh bl 'kSyh
¶vHk;gLr¸ eqæk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA dks fodflr djus dk Js; fn;k tkrk gSA vr% dFku (1)
mudh tVk,¡ nksuksa vksj fNVdh gqbZ gSa vkSj ml o`Ùkkdkj
lgh gSA
;|fi èkzqin us 13oha 'krkCnh esa laxhr dh 'kkL=kh; 'kSyh
Tokyk dks Nw jgh gSa tks u`R;jr laiw.kZ vkÑfr dks ?ksjs
g, gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA ds :i esa viuh fLFkfr e”kcwr dj yh] ysfdu lezkV
vdcj ds njckj esa ;g vius pje ij igq¡p x;kA
86. (a)
[;ky laxhr esa] ^rku* (rst eèkqj èkqu) dks egÙoiw.kZ LFkku
O;k[;k% iÁukHkiqje egy] dsjy LFkkiR; dk ,d mnkgj.k ;wusLdks fn;k tkrk gS vkSj os dFku ds fufgrkFkZ ds foijhr] jpuk
dh fo'o èkjksgj LFkyksa dh vLFkk;h lwph esa lwphc¼ gSA ds foLrkj ,oa vyadj.k esa egÙoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA
iÁukHkiqje egy Lons'kh fuekZ.k rduhdksa ds lkFk bl dkj.k [;ky laxhr esa èkzqin dh rqyuk esa vkyki dks
ikjaifjd dk"B~; LFkkiR; dk ,d vlkèkkj.k mnkgj.k gS] cgqr de LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
tks fo'o esa vf}rh; 'kSyh gS vkSj dsjy dh vf}rh; gkyk¡fd] èkzqin dh 'kq#vkr ^vkyki* ls gksrh gS tks fcuk
,sfrgkfld bekjr ç.kkyh] rkdq'kkL=k (dk"B~;f'kYi dk 'kCnksa ds xk;k tkrk gSA xfr èkhjs&èkhjs c<+rh gS vkSj ;g
foKku) ij vkèkkfjr gSA vr% fodYi (a) lgh gSA çn'kZu dk ,d çeq• fgLlk gSA
rkdq'kkL=k esa fdlh lajpuk ds dk;Z vkSj LFkku] fn'kk] 88. (c)
vkdkj ,oa fM”kkbu rFkk çR;sd lajpukvksa ds Hkhrj O;k[;k% Lokeh foosdkuan dk tUe ujsaæukFk nÙk ds :i esa 12
fufnZ"V LFkkuksa ds fy;s fof'k"V funs'k ekStwn gSaA tuojh] 1863 dks gqvk FkkA
1590 ds n'kd vkSj 1800 ds n'kd dh 'kq#vkr esa cuk;k og ,d lar vkSj jkeÑ".k ijegal ds çeq• f'k"; FksA
x;k 400 o"kZ çkphu egy ifjlj] jkT;ksa ds iquxZBu ds mUgksaus osnkar vkSj ;ksx ds Hkkjrh; n'kZu dks if'peh nqfu;k
ckn o"kZ 1956 esa dU;kdqekjh dks rfeyukMq esa 'kkfey fd;s esa is'k fd;k vkSj mUgsa varjèkkfeZd tkx:drk c<+kus] 19oha
tkus ds ckn Hkh dsjy ljdkj ds fu;a=k.k esa gSA lnh ds var esa fganw èkeZ dks fo'o eap ij ykus dk Js;
iÁukHkiqje dk ewy uke dYdqye FkkA Mp ;k=kh tkWu fn;k tkrk gSA
uhgkWiQ] ftUgksaus bl fdyscan 'kgj dks ns•k Fkk] us viuh mUgksaus o"kZ 1897 esa vius xq# Lokeh jkeÑ".k ijegal
iqLrd okW;tsl ,aM VªsoYl (o"kZ 1664) esa bl LFkku dk ds uke ij jkeÑ".k fe'ku dh LFkkiuk dhA vr% fodYi
mYys• dYdksykax ds :i esa fd;k FkkA (c) lgh ugha gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 31
eq[kthZ uxj] djksy ckx] if=kdk pkSjkgk] flfoy Vkoj&2] esu Vksad jksM] ekWy] foèkkulHkk ekxZ]
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xksikyÑ".k xks•ys mís';% o"kZ 2030 rd ehFksu mRltZu dks o"kZ 2020 ds
Lrj ls de ls de 30% de djukA
dkWUxzsl ds xjeiaFkh usrk% lnL;rk% 100 ls vfèkd çfrHkkxh ns'k] oSf'od ekuo&tfur
ykyk yktir jk; vf'ouh dqekj nÙk ehFksu mRltZu ds 45% ds fy;s ,d lkFk f”kEesnkj gSaA
cky xaxkèkj fryd jktukjk;.k cksl Hkkjr us] ns'k ds fo'kky Ñf"k {ks=k vkSj xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkk esa
fcfiu paæ iky vjfcanks ?kks"k i'kqèku dh Hkwfedk ij iM+us okys çHkko ds dkj.k bl çfrKk@
90. (d) Iyst ij gLrk{kj ugha fd;s gSAa vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 32
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varjkZ"Vªh; ehFksu mRltZu osèk'kkyk (IMEO) CITES ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy;s u;k vè;k; 5B
IMEO dh ,d fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj] ehFksu mRltZu esa dVkSrh dsaæ ljdkj }kjk çkfèkdkjksa ds inuke%
vYikofèk esa tyok;q ifjorZu ls fuiVus dk lcls vPNk çcaèku çkfèkdj.k (MA)& dUosa'ku ds vuqlkj fuèkkZfjr
rjhdk gSA oLrqvksa ds O;kikj ds fy;s ijfeV vkSj çek.k i=k tkjh djus
blds fy;s UNEP }kjk ,d igy] ;wjksih; vk;ksx ds ds fy;s f”kEesnkjA
leFkZu ls o"kZ 2021 esa 'kq: dh xbZA oSKkfud çkfèkdj.k& O;kikj ;ksX; oLrqvksa ds vfLrRo ij
mís';% thok'e b±èku {ks=k ls 'kq#vkr djds ehFksu mRltZu çHkko ls lacfa èkr igyqvksa ij çcaèku çkfèkdj.k dks lykg nsukA
esa deh ykukA vr% dFku (3) lgh ugha gSA
tqekZus esa c<+ksÙkjh%
Hkkjr xzhugkml xSl dk;ZØe% lkekU; mYya?ku ds fy;s 25,000 #i, ls c<+kdj 1 yk•
WRI bafM;k (xSj&ykHkdkjh laxBu)] Hkkjrh; m|ksx #i,A
ifjla?k (CII) vkSj n ,uthZ ,aM fjlkslZst baLVhVÔwV fo'ks"k :i ls lajf{kr i'kqvksa ds fy;s 10,000 #i, ls
(TERI) ds usr`Ro esa Hkkjr xzhugkml xSl dk;ZØe] c<+kdj 25,000 #i, dj fn;k x;k gSA
xzhugkml xSl mRltZu dks ekius vkSj çcafèkr djus ds fy;s 93. (d)
,d m|ksx&vkèkkfjr LoSfPNd <k¡pk gSA
;g dk;ZØe mRltZu dks de djus vkSj Hkkjr esa vfèkd O;k[;k% frykjh] egkjk"Vª jkT; esa lkrok¡ oU;tho dkWfjMksj gS
ykHknk;d] çfrLi¼hZ vkSj lrr~ O;olk;ksa vkSj laxBuksa dks ftls ^laj{k.k fj”koZ* ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA ou {ks=k esa ukS
pykus ds fy;s O;kid eki vkSj çcaèku j.kuhfr;ksa dk fuekZ.k xk¡oksa dks doj djus okyk {ks=k ,d dkWfjMksj ds :i esa fLFkr
djrk gSA vr% dFku (5) lgh gSA gS] tks ck?kksa vkSj gkfFk;ksa dh vkcknh ds fy;s ,d vfèkokl
LFky ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ftlds varxZr rhu jkT; xksok]
oSf'od ehFksu igy (GMI) dukZVd vkSj egkjk"Vª vkrs gSaA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
;g ,d varjkZ"Vªh; lkoZtfud&futh lk>snkjh gS tks
;g xksok esa egknsbZ vHk;kj.; vkSj dukZVd esa Hkhex<+ dks
LoPN ÅtkZ lzksr ds :i esa ehFksu dh iquçkZfIr vkSj mi;ksx tksM+rk gSA
esa vkus okyh ckèkkvksa dks de djus ij vkèkkfjr gSA
f•je laj{k.k fj”koZ tEew d'ehj ds vuarukx esa fLFkr
GMI fo'o Hkj esa ehFksu&Vw&,uthZ ifj;kstukvksa ds fy;s
gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA
rduhdh lgk;rk çnku djrk gS] tks Hkkxhnkj ns'kksa dks
ehFksu dh iquçkZfIr dh 'kq#vkr djus vkSj ifj;kstukvksa dk 94. (b)
mi;ksx djus esa l{ke cukrk gSA O;k[;k% Hkkjr esa ou {ks=k ds ckgj o`{kkjksi.k dh igy%
Hkkjr ,d Hkkxhnkj ns'k gS i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ea=kky; vkSj vesfjdh
vr% dFku (4) lgh gSA varjkZ"Vªh; fodkl ,tsalh (USAID) }kjk Hkkjr esa ou {ks=k
92. (a) ds ckgj o`{kkjksi.k djus dh igy 'kq: dh xbZ gS] ftlesa&
 dkcZu i`FkDdj.k c<+kuk]
O;k[;k% oU;tho (laj{k.k) vfèkfu;e (WPA), 1972
 LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa dk leFkZu djuk]
;g ns'k dh ikfjfLFkfrd vkSj i;kZoj.kh; lqj{kk lqfuf'pr
 Ñf"k tyok;q ds yphysiu dks e”kcwr djukA
djus dh n`f"V ls taxyh tkuojksa] if{k;ksa vkSj ikSèkksa dks lqj{kk
çnku djrk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA
jkT; dks 4 Jsf.k;ksa& jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho vHk;kj.;] o.khdj.k ifj;kstuk%
lkeqnkf;d fj”koZ vkSj laj{k.k fj”koZ ds rgr lajf{kr {ks=k ;g >kMh;qDr ikSèkksa (Invasive Plants)] fo'ks"kdj lsUuk
?kksf"kr djus dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh gSA LisDVsfcfyl dks •Re djus dh ,d o.khdj.k ifj;kstuk gSA
oU;tho (laj{k.k) la'kksèku vfèkfu;e] 2022 lsUuk LisDVkfcfyl] nf{k.k vkSj eè; vesfjdh ewy dh
blus fo'ks"k :i ls lajf{kr thoksa ds fy;s vuqlfw p;ksa dh la[;k ysX;we ifjokj (iQScslh) ds ikSèks dh ,d çtkfr gSA
4 ls ?kVkdj 2 dj nh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh ugha gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] 21] iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 33
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olqaèkjk dkWyksuh] t;iqj y[kumQ
C40 ds rgr Hkkjr ds vU; 'kgj vgenkckn] fnYyh] eqacbZ] vkSj blds lHkh fuoklh vkil esa ,d nwljs ls tqM+s gq, gSa]
psUubZ vkSj dksydkrk gSaA muds lkFk ,slk O;ogkj fd;k tkuk pkfg;s tSls fd os ,d
vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA gh ifjokj dk fgLlk gksaA ;g lkoZHkkSfed HkkbZpkjs] ,drk ds
95. (a)
ewY;ksa vkSj bl fopkj dks c<+kok nsrk gS] ftlesa gesa lHkh
yksxksa ds çfr n;k vkSj lgkuqHkwfr c<+kuh pkfg;s] pkgs mudh
O;k[;k% gky gh es]a Úk¡lhlh jk"Vªifr us lq>ko fn;k fd :l&;wØus jk"Vªh;rk] uLy ;k èkeZ dqN Hkh gksA
;q¼ lekIr gksus ij fiQuySaMhdj.k (Finlandization)] ;wØsu izeq[k :i ls] ;g fofHkUu laLÑfr;ksa vkSj jk"Vªksa ds chp
ds fy;s ,d ;FkkFkZoknh ifj.kke gks ldrk gSA
oSf'od ,drk] 'kkafr vkSj le> ds egÙo ij ”kksj nsrk
gSA ;g okD;ka'k lg;ksx] d#.kk vkSj gekjh lk>k ekuork
dh ekU;rk dks çksRlkfgr djrk gSA vr% fodYi (b) lgh gSA
97. (d)
fiQuySaMhdj.k dh mRifÙk dk irk lkekU;r% 'khr ;q¼ Hkkjr dk leqæh {ks=k mi;qDr vkèkkj js•k@cslykbu ls
ls yxk;k tk ldrk gSA ;g ekWLdks (:l) vkSj if'pe 12 leqæh ehy dh nwjh rd foLr`r gSA blh çdkj] Hkkjr
ds chp l[r rVLFkrk dh uhfr dks lanfHkZr djrk gS] dk fof'k"V vkfFkZd {ks=k (EEZ) 200 leqæh ehy rd
ftldk fiQuySaM us 'khr ;q¼ ds n'kd ds nkSjku ikyu foLr`r gSA
fd;k FkkA vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 34
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MATERIAL Copyright – Drishti The Vision Foundation
98. (c) ukxkySaM] ef.kiqj vkSj vle ls çokfgr gksus ds ckn] ;g
O;k[;k% vkWfIVdy iQkbcj ,d Økafrdkjh rduhd gS ftlus yach Hkkaxk esa lwjek vkSj dqf'k;kjk uked nks èkkjkvksa esa foHkkftr
gks tkrh gSA vr% dFku (2) lgh gSA
nwjh ij MsVk lapfjr djus vkSj xzg.k djus ds rjhds dks cny
fn;k gSA blesa dk¡p ;k IykfLVd dk ,d lw{e] yphyk ;s nksuksa èkkjk,¡ ckaXykns'k ds ekjdqyh esa iqu% feyrh gSa vkSj
rarq gksrk gS tks çdk'k ds fy;s osoxkbM ds (Waveguide) :i mlds ckn bl unh dks es?kuk dgk tkrk gSA cjkd&es?kuk
esa dk;Z djrk gSA unh ç.kkyh dh dqy yackbZ 900 fdeh- (ckaXykns'k esa pkaniqj
çdk'k dk çlkj% vkWfIVdy iQkbcj iw.kZ vkarfjd ijkorZu
ds Åijh Hkkx bldk mn~xe LFky) gSA
ds fl¼kar ij dk;Z djrk gSA tc çdk'k ,d fuf'pr dks.k blesa ls 524 fdeh- Hkkjr esa] 31 fdeh- Hkkjr&ckaXykns'k
ij iQkbcj dksj esa ços'k djrk gS] rks ;g vkarfjd lrg ls lhek ij vkSj 'ks"k ckaXykns'k esa gSA
dbZ çfrfcacksa ls xqtjrk gS] tks çHkkoh :i ls dksj ds Hkhrj cjkd unh dh ,d lgk;d unh dqf'k;kjk] tks fd vle
ijkofrZr gksrk gSA ;g xq.k çdk'k ladsrksa dks U;wure gkfu ls gksdj ckaXykns'k rd izokfgr gksrh gS] blds ty c¡Vokjs
;k o.kZ fo{ksi.k ds lkFk iQkbcj ds ekè;e ls ;k=kk djus dks ysdj le>kSrk Kkiu (MoU) ij gLrk{kj fd;s x, gSaA
dh vuqefr nsrk gSA vr% dFku (3) lgh gSA
MsVk lapj.k% MsVk dks çdk'k ds Lianksa ds :i esa çlkfjr 100. (d)
fd;k tkrk gS] tks ckbujh dksM (0s vkSj 1s) dk
O;k[;k% }Srokn (}Srokn) dk ikyu ekèkokpk;Z us fd;kA
çfrfufèkRo dj ldrk gSA tSls gh çdk'k flXuy dksj ds ekèkokpk;Z ds }Srokn ds vuqlkj] lr~ }Sr ;qDr gS& Lora=k
ekè;e ls ;k=kk djrk gS] ;g yach nwjh ij viuh v•aMrk lr~ (bZ'oj ;k czã) vkSj vkfJr lr~ (fpr vkSj
cuk, j•rk gS] tks U;wure {kh.ku (flXuy gkfu) dk vuqHko vfpr)A
djrk gSA
ekèko dh f'k{kk,¡ bl vkèkkj ij vkèkkfjr gSa fd vkRek
ykHk% ;s vR;fèkd rst xfr ls MsVk dks lapfjr dj ldrs
(O;fDrxr vkRek) vkSj czã (ije lr~ ;k bZ'oj) ds
gSa] tks cM+h ek=kk esa lwpuk dk vknku çnku dj ldrs gSa chp ,d cqfu;knh varj gSA
vkSj fo|qr pqacdh; gLr{ksi ls çfrjf{kr gksrs gSaA ;s gYds
ekèko dk ekuuk gS fd fo".kq Hkxoku gSa] ftUgsa gfj] Ñ".k]
gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ueh vkSj la{kkj.k tSls i;kZoj.kh; dkjdksa
oklqnso vkfn ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA
ds çfr çfrjksèkh Hkh gksrs gSaA
bZ'oj ;k Hkxoku gh ,dek=k lr~ gS vkSj czãkaM dk dkj.k gSA
vuqç;ksx% vkWfIVdy iQkbcj vkèkqfud nwjlapkj dk
czãk czãkaM ds fuekZrk gS]a Kku vkSj 'kfDr esa ifjiw.kZ gSa vkSj
vfHkUu vax gSa] tks baVjusV vkSj nwjlapkj usVodZ dk ewy
vkRekvksa vkSj inkFkZ ls vyx gSAa vr% fodYi (d) lgh gSA
vkèkkj gSA bldk mi;ksx gkbZ&LihM baVjusV] VsyhiQksu lsokvksa]
fufeZr czãkaM vkfJr lr~ gS vkSj blesa tho (vkRek,¡)
dscy Vsyhfotu vkSj fofHkUu m|ksxksa esa MsVk lapj.k ds fy;s
fd;k tkrk gSA vr% fodYi (c) lgh gSA vkSj tM+ (HkkSfrd phtsa) 'kkfey gSaA tho psru gSa vkSj inkFkZ
vopsru gSA
99. (b)
ekèko us ”kksj nsdj dgk fd eqfDr dsoy Hkxoku dh
O;k[;k% cjkd unh mÙkj&iwohZ {ks=k dh nwljh lcls cM+h unh gS- ;g Ñik ls gh çkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
ukxkySaM esa dksfgek ds nf{k.k esa ukxkySaM&ef.kiqj lhek ds ikl ekèko us HkfDr ij ”kksj fn;k vkSj Kku ;ksx ,oa deZ ;ksx
ls çokfgr gSA vr% dFku (1) lgh ugha gSA dks eqfDr ds ekxZ ds fy;s vi;kZIr ekukA
gekjs dk;ZØeksa ds ckjs esa tkuus ds fy;s fn;s x, QRs dks LdSu djsa
641] çFke ry] 21]iwlk jksM] 13/15] rk'kdan ekxZ] fudV IykWV uacj&45 o 45-A g"kZ 47@CC, cfy±xVu vkdsZM 35
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