DNA replication is one of the most basic processes that occurs within a cell.

Each time a cell divides, the

two resulting daughter cells must contain exactly the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent
cell. To accomplish this, each strand of existing DNA acts as a template for replication.

Introduction:

Goodmorning everyone! Today, we are discussing about the DNA replication - the essential process by
which cells make exact copies of their genetic material. DNA replication is a carefully orchestrated
sequence of events that ensures the faithful transmission of genetic information from one generation to
the next. Imagine DNA replication as a complex copying machine within our cells that duplicates our
genetic information. It's like making a photocopy of an important document to ensure we have a backup.
In this presentation, we will explore the steps involved in DNA replication, which are the initiation,
elongation, and termination.

1. Initiation:

The process starts at specific spots on the DNA called "origins of replication." Enzymes unwind the DNA
double helix, separating the two strands to create a replication bubble. Think of it as unzipping a zipper.
This step prepares the DNA for copying.

2. Elongation:

Next comes the elongation phase, where new DNA strands are built. DNA polymerase, the copying
machine, adds building blocks called nucleotides to create new DNA strands. It can only add these
building blocks in one direction, like laying down dominoes in a line. One new strand is made
continuously (leading strand), while the other is made in pieces called Okazaki fragments (lagging
strand). These pieces are later stitched together like a puzzle.

3. Termination:

Lastly, termination is when the copying process is finished. Enzymes remove the starter RNA pieces and
fill in any gaps in the new DNA strands. Another enzyme called DNA ligase acts like glue, sealing any
small breaks in the DNA backbone to create two complete copies of the original DNA.

By going through these steps of initiation, elongation, and termination, our cells accurately copy their
genetic information to pass on vital instructions for growth and development.

I hope this simplified explanation helps you understand the process of DNA replication.