EXPERIMENT 5: TO STUDY CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW OVER A

CRUMP WEIR.
Apparatus:
➢ Tilting Flow Channel.
➢ Crump weir.
➢ Stainless Steel Hook and point gauge.
➢ Stopwatch and water meter.

Formula:
3
For Crump weir: Qm = 𝐶𝑑𝑚 √𝑔 𝑏𝐻𝑜 2

𝑄𝑜2
𝐻0 = 𝑦𝑜 +
2𝑔(𝑏𝑦𝑜 )2

𝑄12
𝐻1 = 𝑦1 +
2𝑔(𝑏𝑦1 )2

where:

Qm = Flow rate for Modular Flow (m3/s)

Cdm = Modular discharge coefficient

b = Breadth of weir (m)

g = Gravitational constant (9.81 m/s2)
Ho = Total Head upstream of weir crest (m)
H1 = Total Head downstream of weir crest (m)
yo = Upstream Depth of flow (m)
y1 = Downstream Depth of flow (m)

Theory:

The flow over crump weir can be classified into 2 types: modular and non-modular flow.

A Modular Flow occurs when the weir operates undrowned, with downstream water level low
(Figure). In this condition, the upstream head is not affected by the downstream head.
It is possible to determine the flow rate by measuring only the upstream head of flow.

A Non-Modular Flow occurs when the downstream water level is high (Figure). In this condition,
a measurement of only upstream head of flow is not adequate to determine the actual flow because
the upstream head is affected by the downstream head of flow.

𝐻1
The weir ceases to act in modular fashion when: ≥ 0.07
𝐻𝑜

When the flow is under non-modular condition, the upstream head of flow is affected by the depth
of the downstream head of flow. An only measurement of upstream head of flow is not adequate
to determine the actual flow rate Q since Q ≥ Qm.

𝑄
A reduction factor can be used to correct for non-modular flow where: f =
𝑄𝑚
 Procedure:

1. Ensure the flume is level.

2. Measure and record the actual breadth (b) of the crump weir.
3. Install the crump weir securely to the channel with the short face of the weir facing
upstream (see model installation section).
4. Install undershot weir at discharge end of the flume.
5. The gaps between the weir and the channel should be sealed on the upstream side before
performing the experiment.
6. Install two hook and point gauges (optional) on the channel sides, one upstream of the
weir and one downstream of the weir and set up hook and point gauge.
7. The datum for all measurements will be the bed of the flume, record the datum readings.
8. For accurate results the level gauge must be placed far enough upstream and downstream
from the weir.
9. Open the flow control valve and allow the water to flow into the flume.
10. Adjust the flow control valve to maintain an upstream depth of flow (y0) at 150 mm.
11. Record the following data;
11.1 Upstream depth of flow (y0) mm
11.2 Downstream depth of flow (y1) mm
11.3 Flow rate (Qm) m3/s
11.4 Observe the flow patterns over the weir; modular or non-modular.

Table:

Sr. Flow Flow Breadth of Upstream Total Head Cd Remarks

No rate rate weir Depth of upstream of
Qm Qm b (m) flow weir crest
(L/min) (m3/s) yo (m) H0 (m)
1
2
3
Calculations:

Conclusion/Comment:

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