KWnXw

Ãm≥tU¿Uv V

`mKw ˛1

tIc-f-k¿°m¿
hnZym-`ym-kh-Ip∏v
KT-131 / 1-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT), tIcfw

2016
 tZio-b-Km\w
P\-K-W-a-\- -A-[n-\m-bI Pbtl
`mc-X -`m-Ky-hn-[mXm,
]©m-_k - n‘p KpP-dmØ admTm
{ZmhnU DXv°-e- _w-Km,
hn‘y-ln-am-N-e -b-ap\mKwKm,
D—e Pe-[nX-cwKm,
Xh-ip-`-\mta PmtK,
Xh-ip` Bin-j -am-tK,
Kmtl Xh- P-b- KmYm
P\-K-W-aw-K-e-Zm-bI Pbtl
`mc-X- `m-Ky-hn-[mXm.
Pb-tl, Pb-tl, Pb-tl,
Pb Pb Pb Pbtl!

{]Xn⁄
C¥y Fs‚ cmPy-am-Wv. F√m C¥y-°mcpw Fs‚
ktlm-Z-co- ktlmZc-∑m-cm-Wv.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPysØ kvt\ln- ° p∂p;

kºq¿Whpw sshhn-[y-]q¿W-hp-amb AXns‚
]mcº-cy-Øn¬ Rm≥ A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂p.

Rm≥ Fs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°-sfbpw Kpcp-°-∑m-scbpw

apXn¿∂-hscbpw _lp-am-\n-°pw.

Rm≥ Fs‚ cmPy-Øn-s‚bpw Fs‚ \m´p-Im-cp-sSbpw

t£a-Øn\pw sFiz-cy-Øn-\pw- th≠n {]bXv\n°pw.
Prepared by :
State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)
Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, Kerala
Website : www.scertkerala.gov.in
E-mail : scertkerala@gmail.com
Phone : 0471-2341883, Fax : 0471-2341869
Typesetting and Layout : SCERT
First Edition : 2014, Reprint : 2016
Printed at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi-30
© Department of Education, Government of Kerala
 {]nb-s∏´ Ip´n-Itf,

kwJy-Ifpw cq]-ßf - p-ambn _‘-s∏´v

Iptd-tb-sd- Im-cy-߃ \mw a\- n-em°n.

Iptd-°qSn henbkwJy-Iƒ, `n∂kwJy-Iƒ,

Ah-bpsS {Inb-Iƒ, D]-tbm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øm-hp∂
{]iv\ß- ƒ, kwJym-{]-tXy-IX - I
- ƒ
XpS-ßn-bhbpw \ap°v N¿®-sN-ømw;
Pyman-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ]pXnb Bi-bß - fpw
\n¿an-Xn-Ifpw ]cn-Nb
- s
- ∏-Smw.

bp‡n-]c
- a
- mbn Nn¥n®pw IrXy-Xt- bmsS hc®pw
_‘-߃ Is≠-Øn-bpw
\ap°v Bfl-hn-izm-kt- ØmsS apt∂-dmw.
Biw-k-I-tfmsS,

tUm. ]n. F. ^mØna

Ub-d-IvS¿
Fkv.-kn.-C.-B¿.Sn.
KT-131 / 2-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1
 ]mT-]p-kvXI cN\
inev]-im-e-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-h¿
cta-i≥ F≥.sI. kpio-e≥. sI.-
F-®v.-F-kv.-F-. _n.B¿.kn. s{Sbn-\¿, Xncq¿,
B¿.-Pn.-Fw.-F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv, ]m\q¿, ae-∏pdw
IÆq¿ hmkp-tZ-h≥ -sI.-]n.
Ip™-l-Ω-Zv. Sn.-]n. amÿ s{Sbn-\¿, sF.Sn. @ kvIqƒ
]n.Un. So®¿, Pn.Fw.-bp.-]n. kvIqƒ, t{]mP-IvSv, Xr»q¿
Xncp-h-≈q¿ hocm≥Ip-´n sI.
{]Im-i≥ Sn.]n. bp.]n.-F-kv.-F, kn.F-®v.-Fw.-sI.-Fw.-
F®v.-F-kv.-F, Pn.F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. bp.-]n.-F-kv, ap≠-°p-fw, ae-∏pdw
hmg-°m-Sv, ae-∏pdw dhmb-Øv -Fw.-sI.
chn-Ip-am¿ Sn.-Fkv. So®¿, Pn.F-®v.-F-kv, t_Ω-Æq¿,
]n.Un.-So-®¿, Pn.bp.-]n.-F-kv, ]me-°mSv
A©-®-h-Sn, ae-∏pdw IrjvW-Zmkv ]tecn
A\n-X- hn.-Fkv. So®¿, Pn.bp.-]n.-F-kv, sImSn-b-Ω,
eIvN-d¿, Ub-‰v, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw Im-kdtKmUv
hnZ-Kv[¿
tUm. cta-jvIp-am¿ ]n.
Akn. s{]m^k¿, tIcf k¿hI-em-ime
tUm. apwXmkv F≥.-Fkv.
Atkm. s{]m^-k¿, ^mdq°v s{Sbn-\nMv tImtf-Pv, tImgn-t°mSv
Nn{X-Imc-∑m¿
[t\-i≥ Fw.hn. lcn-Ip-am¿ sI._n.
F.hn.-F-kv.-Pn.--F-®v.-F-kv.-F-kv, Ig-°q´w, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
Icn-h-≈q¿, IÆq¿
lcn Nmcp-X
Ip™n-cm-a≥ -]n.-kn.
t\aw, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw
Ub-‰v, Fd-Wm-Ipfw
A°m-Z-anIv tImUnt\‰¿am¿
Acp¨ tPymXn Fkv.
dnk¿®v Hm^o-k¿, Fkv.-kn.C.-B¿.Sn.
tUm. enUvk¨cmPv sP.
dnk¿®v Hm^o-k¿, Fkv.-kn.C.-B¿.Sn.

kwÿm\ hnZym-`ymk Kth-jW ]cn-io-e\ kanXn (SCERT)

hnZym-`h≥, ]qP-∏p-c, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw 695 012
1. kwJym-temIw ....................... 07

2. hc-Iƒ tNcp-tºmƒ................ 19

3. `mKw hbv°¬ ...................... 33

4. hrØ-߃............................ 51

5. `mK-ß-fpsS kwJy .................. 61

Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ kuI-cy-Øn-\mbn Nne Nn”-߃
D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ICT km[yX

IW°v sNbvXp-t\m°mw

t{]mPIvSv

Xncn-™p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ
KWnXw

1
kwJy-mtemIw

7
 KWnXw

kwJym-tIfn
""IW-°nse Ifn-Iƒ CjvSa - mtWm''? ssk\ So®¿ tNmZn-®p.
""CjvSa- mWv'' ˛ Ip´n-Iƒ hnfn-®p-]d - ™
- p.
""Rm≥ Hcp kwJy ] - d- b
- mw. AXns‚ ASpØ
kwJy s]s´∂v \n߃ ]d-bWw, CXmWv
Ifn. Xbm-dm-Wt√m?''
""Xbm¿!''
""]Øv'' ˛--- So®¿ ]d™pXpS-ßn.
""]Xn-s\m∂v'' ˛ Ip´n-Ifpw.
""\m¬∏Ønaq∂v''
""\m¬∏Øn\mev''
Ifn XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p.
""\mem-bn-cØn sXmÆq‰n HºXv'' ˛ So®¿ ]d-™p.
""Aøm-bncw'' ˛ Nne I - p-´n-Iƒ hnfn-®p-]d- ™
- p.
""Atøm.... A√. \mem-bn-cØn Hcp-\qdv''.
CXp-t]m-se-bp≈ A_-≤ß - ƒ B¿°pw ]‰mw.
C\nbpw Ifn®pt\m°q.
{]th-i-t\m-’hw
{]th-i\w t\Snb Ip´n-
I-fpsS FÆ-ambn Fgp-
Xn- b n- c n- ° p∂ kwJy
F{X-bmWv?
F{X-h-sc-bp≈ kwJy-
Iƒ \n߃°v hmbn-
°m\dnbmw?
G‰hpw henb \me-°-
kwJy GXmWv?

CXns‚ sXm´-Sp-Ø
kwJy GXm-Wv?

H∂mw ¢mkn¬ {]th-i\w

t\Sn-bXv 435268 Ip´n-Iƒ

8
 KWnXw
G‰hpw henb A©° kwJytbm?
CXns‚ sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ kwJy GXmWv?
Cu kwJy Fßs\ I≠p-]n-Sn°pw?
Fßs\ hmbn°pw? `oa≥ kwJy
km[m-c-W-bmbn \ap°v Adn-bm-hp∂
henb kwJy-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Hcp ]´nI t\m°q.
henb kwJy tNmZn-®m¬ tImSn, 100
1 H∂v tImSn Fs∂m-s°-bmWv ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv.
1 \ptijw 10 ]qPyw tN¿Øm¬
10 ]Øv
Bbncw tImSn-bm-bn. 1 \p tijw 100
100 \qdv ]qPyap≈ kwJy-bpsS hep∏w Btem-
Nn-°q... CXmWv ""KqtKmƒ'' (googol)
1000 Bbncw
F∂ kwJy. 1938 - ˛ ¬ FtUz¿Uv
10000 ]Xn-\m-bncw Imkv\¿ BWv Cu t]cv sImSp-Ø-Xv.
100000 e£w e£- Ø n\v \qdm- b ncw (Hundred
thousand) F∂pw 10 e£-Øn\v aney≥
1000000 ]Øv e£w
(Million) F∂p-amWv a‰v Nne cmPyß-
10000000 tImSn fn¬ t]cp-Iƒ.

100000000 ]Øv tImSn

Cßs\ XpS¿s∂-gp-Xn-bm¬ kwJy-Iƒ \qdptImSn,

Bbncw tImSn F∂n-ßs\ \o≠p-t]m-Ipw.
C\n sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xn-\m-bn-cØn sXm≈m-bn-cØn
sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xns‚ IqsS H∂v Iq´n-bm¬ In´p∂
kwJy GXm-sW∂p ]d-bmtam?
99999 + 1 = 100000
Cu kwJy Fßs\ hmbn°pw?
]´nI t\m°q.
Hcp e£-Øn¬ Bdv A°-߃ D≠v.
AXm-bXv Hcp e£w F∂Xv Bd-°-kw-Jy-bm-
Wv . At∏mƒ G‰hpw henb Bd- ° - k wJy
GXmWv?
HºXv e£Øn sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xn-\m-bn-cØn sXm≈m-bn-cØn sXmÆq‰n Hº-Xns‚
IqsS H∂v Iq´n-bm¬ In´p∂ kwJy GXmWv?
AXm-bXv, 999999 + 1 =

9
 KWnXw

$ NphsS X∂n-cn-°p∂ kwJy-Iƒ ]´n-I-bnse GsX√mw kwJy-Iƒ°nS-bn-emsW∂v

Is≠-Øq.
3245; 435268; 26736; 43526720
$ Hcp Bd-°-kwJy Fgp-Xp-I. Cu kwJy ]´n-I-bnse GsX√mw kwJy-Iƒ°v CS-bn-
em-bn-cn°pw? Cu kwJy Fßs\ hmbn°pw?
$ e£-Øn-\pw ]Øp e£-Øn\pw CS-bn-ep-≈- A©v kwJy-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-I. Cu kwJy-
Iƒ Fß-s\-bmWv hmbn-°p-∂-Xv?
{Kl-Zqcw
kqcy-\n¬\n∂p hnhn[ {Kl-ß-fn-te-°p≈ Zqcw NphsS ]´n-I-bn¬ X∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

{Kl߃ Zqcw (In.an)

_p[≥ 57909175
ip{I≥ 108200000
`qan 149600011
sNmΔ 227940000
hymgw 778333000
i\n 1429400000
bpdm-\kv 2870990000
s\]v‰yq¨ 4504300000

`qan-bn¬\n∂p kqcy-\n-te°v F{X Intem-ao-‰¿ Zqcw D≠v?

Cu Zqcw 149600011 Intem-ao-‰¿ BsW∂v ]´n-I-bn¬\n∂p ImWmw. Cu Zqcw Fßs\
hmbn°pw?
]Xn-\mep tImSn sXmÆq‰n Bdv e£Øn ]-Xn-s\m∂v.
hymg-Øn¬\n∂p kqcy-\n-te-°p≈ Zqcw F{X Intem-ao-‰-dmWv?
kqcy-t\mSv G‰hpw ASpØp≈ {Kl-Øn-te-°p≈ Zqcw F{X-bmWv?
kqcy-t\mSv G‰hpw AI-se-bp≈ {Kl-Øn-te-°p≈ Zqctam?
apI-fn¬ Is≠Ønb Zqc-ß-sf√mw hmbn-®p-t\m-°q.

10
 KWnXw

]Xn-\m-bncw ]e-Xcw
10000 ]e-X-c-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-bXv t\m°q.
F{X kwJy-Iƒ!
100 \qdv
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 F∂o A°- ß ƒ
Bh¿Øn-°m-sX F{X A©°kw-
1000 ]Øv 10000 H∂v Jy-Iƒ D≠m-°mw? CØ-c-Øn-ep≈
F√m A©°kwJy-Ifpw FgpXn
10000 t\m°p∂Xv Ffp-∏-a-√-t√m.
c≠-°ß - ƒ am{X-ta- D-≈p-sh-¶ntem?
10 Bbn-c-w 1 ]Xn-\m-bncw DZmlc-Wa- mbn, 3, 4 F∂nh D]-tbm-
CtXt]mse 100000 Øns\ ]e-co-Xn-bn¬ Fgp-Xn- Kn®v D≠m-°m-hp∂ c≠-°-kw-Jy-
t\m°q. Iƒ 34 Dw 43 Dw BWt√m.
C\n aq∂°ßƒ D]tbmKn®p≈
.....

aq∂°kwJy-Iƒ BsW-¶ntem?
v
H∂
.....

BsI 6 kwJy-Iƒ In´pw.

....
....

.....
]Ø

C\n \mev A°ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈

.....
v

\me-°-kw-Jy-I-fpsS FÆw IW-

°m-°n-°qtS? A©-°ß - f
- m-bmtem?
.............. \qdv 100000 .............. e£w
.....
-c-w
bn

]X
. B

.............. \qdv
n-\m
.....

-bn

...
.....

-c-w

...
...
v
Ø

...
...
]

...
..

...
...

...
...

...
...

.
...

]Øp-e-£sØ Fßs\ ]e-co- 1000000

............................ .............. H∂v
Xn-bn¬ Fgp-Xpw?
KT-131 / 3-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

....
....

....
....

....
....
....

....
....

....
....

....
....

....

11
 KWnXw

Hcp kwJy -]-e-Xcw $ 85492 s\ GsX√mw Xc-Øn¬ FgpXmw?

9 ]Øv .......
854 \qdv .......
....... 2 H∂v
A°ßƒsIms≠mcp
Ifn
12345
Cßs\ XpS¿®-bmbn A©p XhW ..................... H∂v ..................... H∂v
ASp-Ø-Sp-Ømbn Fgp-Xp-I. Hcp henb
kwJy In´n-bnt√. CXn¬\n∂v ................... ]Øv ................... ]Øv
85492
CjvS-ap≈ 10 A°-߃ sh´n°f-bp-I.
..................... \qdv ..................... \qdv
_m°n hcp∂h AtX {Ia-Øn¬
tN¿Øp h®m¬ 15 A°-ß-fp≈ Hcp ............... Bbn-cw ............... Bbn-cw
kwJy In´nt√? sh´p∂ A°-߃
amdp-tºmƒ In´p∂ kwJybpw ....... ]Xn-\m-bn-c-w
amdpw. Cßs\ In´p∂ G‰hpw
henb 15 A°-
kwJy GXmWv? ..................... ]Øv .............. H∂v

$ NphsS X∂n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ Hgn™p InS- ° p∂

ÿm\ßfn¬ A\p-tbm-Py-amb kwJy-Iƒ Fgp-XpI.

...... H∂v ...... \qdv ...... ]Xn-\m-bncw ...... e£w

6 H∂v ................ H∂v

3 ]Øv
............... ]Øv
48 \qdv ............
.......... Bbn-c-w
2 ]Xn-\m-bncw
.................... e£w
3 e£w

..................... ]Øv .............. H∂v

$ 136749 s\ ]e- -coXn-bn¬ FgpXnt\m°q.

12
 KWnXw

P\-kwJy
2011˛se sk≥kkvv ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n- C¥ybnse Nne kwÿm-\-ß-fnse P\-kwJy
NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p:
Ccp-hgnkwJy-Iƒ
kwÿm-\-߃ P\-kwJy apt∂m´pw ]nt∂m´pw Hcp- t ]mse
hmbn- ° m- h p∂ kwJy- I - f mWv
PΩp-Im-ivao¿ 12548926
CcphgnkwJy- I ƒ- (Palindromic
lnam-N¬ {]tZiv 6856509 numbers). Chsb ka-anX kwJy-Iƒ
DØ-cm-Jfiv 10116752 F∂pw ]d-bpw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn
lcn-bm\ 25353081 36863

cmP-ÿm≥ 68621012 GXp kwJy- b n¬\n∂pw Ccp- h gn

DØ¿{]-tZiv 199581477 kwJy-Iƒ D≠m-°m-tam? CjvS-ap≈
kwJy- FSp-°p-I. AXns\ Xncn-s®-
_olm¿ 103804637
gpXn Iq´pI. Cßs\ CcphgnkwJy
kn°nw 607688 BIp-∂-Xp-hsc XpS-cpI. 69 
tIcfw 33387677 96
Xan-gv\mSv 72138958 DZm- l - c - W - a mbn 165
I¿Wm-SIw 61130704 69. CXns\ Xncn- 561
s®-gp-Xn-bm¬ 96.
tKmh 1457723 726
CXv BZysØ
]©m_v 27704236 kwJy-bp-ambn 627
Iq´n-bm¬ 69 + 96 1353
$ ]´n- I - b n¬ G‰hpw Ipd™ P\- k w- J y- b p≈
= 165. Cu {Inb 3531
kwÿm\w GXv? P\-kwJy F{X?
XpS¿∂mtem?
$ ]´n- I - b n¬ G‰hpw IqSnb P\- k w- J y- b p≈ 4884
kwÿm\w GXv? P\-kwJy F{X? 4884 Ccp- h - g n- k w- J y- b t√? thsd
kwJy- I - s f- S pØv CXp- t ]mse
$ Cu c≠p kwÿm-\-ß-fnse P\-kw-JyIƒ- XΩn-
sNbvXpt\m°q.
ep≈ hyXymkw F{X-bmWv?
$ \ΩpsS Ab¬kwÿm- \ - ß - f mb Xan- g v \ m- S v , GXp- kw- J y- b n¬\n∂p XpS- ß n-
I¿Wm-SIw F∂nhnSßfnse BsI P\-kwJy
bmepw Cu {Inb Ccp- h gn
F{X?
kwJybn¬ FØn-t®-cp-sa∂v Dd-
$ DØ¿{]tZ-inse P\-kw-Jy, _olm-dn-te-Xn-t\- ∏n-√. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, 196 ¬\n∂v
°mƒ F{X IqSp-X-emWv? XpSßn Cu {Inb 70 tImSn Xh-W
$ ]´nI-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p∂ kwÿm-\ß- sf P\- Bh¿Øn-®n´pw Ccp-hgnkwJy-bn¬
kw-Jy-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ {Ia-s∏-SpØn Fgp- FØn-bn-´n-√.
Xp-I.
]´nI hmbn®v IqSp-X¬ tNmZy-߃ Xbm-dm°n ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°q.

13
 KWnXw

kwJy-Iƒ \n¿an°mw
knbmZpw aocbpw A°°m¿Up-IƒsIm≠v
kwJy-Iƒ D≠m°n Ifn-°p-I-bm-Wv. A°ßfpsS XpIbpw
A°-Øp-Ibpw
4 0 7 8 5 6 Hcp kwJy-bnse A°-߃
Iq´n-bm¬ e`n-°p∂ kwJysb
F∂o Im¿Up-If
- mWv c≠p t]¿°pw In´n-bXv. A°-ß-fpsS XpI F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
DZm-l-cWw: 347  3 + 4 + 7  14.
$ Ch D]-tbm-Kn®v D≠m-°m-hp∂ G‰hpw Cu kwJybnse A°-ß-fpsS XpI
henb kwJy GXmWv? 1 + 4 = 5. AXm-b-Xv, 347 F∂ kwJy-bpsS
A°-ß-fpsS XpI 14 Dw A°-ØpI
$ G‰hpw sNdnb kwJy GXmWv? 5 Dw BWv.
9, 18, 27, 36,... F∂ kwJym-{I-a
$ Cu kwJy- I - f psS XpIbpw hyXym-
-Ønse kwJy-I-fpsS A°-
khpw IW-°m-°p-I. Øp-Ibv°v F¥mWv
kwJym-ame {]tXy-IX?

X∂n-cn-°p∂ Nn{XØn¬ BZy-h-cn-

bnse ASp-ØSpØp≈ c≠p If-ß- 475368 998838 470993 503213
fnse kwJy-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-
amWv ASpØ hcn-bnse If-ß-fn¬
Fgp-tX-≠Xv. c≠m-asØ hcn-bnse 523470
ASp-Ø-SpØ If-ß-fnse kwJy-Iƒ
XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-ka - mWv AXn-\S- pØ
hcn-bnse If-ßf
- n¬ Fgp-tX-≠Xv. Cu
coXn-bn¬ Hgn™v InS-°p∂ If-ß-
fnse kwJy-Iƒ FgpXn t\m°q.
_P‰v
Hcp ]©m-b-Øns‚ _P-‰n¬ Nne taJ-e-Iƒ°mbn \o°n-h® XpIbpsS hnhcw NphsS
]´n-I-bn¬ sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂p.

taJe XpI
BtcmKyw 1255000
hnZym-`ymkw 789000
tdmUv hnI-k\w 2060000
IpSn-sh≈w 490000

14
 KWnXw

$ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ XpI \o°n-h-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv GXv Imt{]-°¿ ÿnc-kwJy

taJ-ebv-°mWv? 2 , 3 , 5, 6 F∂o A°- ß ƒ
$ G‰hpw Ipd™ XpItbm? Bh¿Øn°msX D≠m-°m-hp∂
$ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ F{X cq] IqSp- G‰hpw henb kwJy GXmWv?
G‰hpw sNdptXm?
X-emWv tdmUv hnI-k-\-Øn\v \o°nh®n-cn-°p-
Ah XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw F{X-
∂Xv?
bmWv?
$ F√m taJ-e-Iƒ°pw IqSn \o°nh®n-cn-°p-∂Xv 6532 − 2356 = 4176
BsI F{X cq]-bmWv?
Cu kwJy-bnse A°-߃ 4,
$ ASpØ h¿j-tØ°v Cu taJ-e-Iƒ°mbn CXn- 1, 7, 6 BW-t√m. Ch D]-tbm-
t\-°mƒ 4 e£w cq] IqSp-X¬ A\p-h-Zn-®n-´p-≠v. Kn®v apI-fn¬ sNbvXXp-t]mse
AXv Iq´n- t ®¿Øv ASpØ h¿jsØ _P‰v sNbvXm¬ 7641 − 1467 = 6174.
c≠pcoXnbn¬ Xbm-dm-°pI. Cu kw- J y- b nse A°- ß ƒ
apºp sNbvX-Xp-t]mse sNbvXp
KpW\w ]e-hn[w t\m°q. F¥mWv Is≠- Ø n-
Hcp hnZym-eb
- Ø
- n¬ HmWm-tLm-jØ - n¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ bXv? a‰v \mev A°-߃ D]-tbm-
apgp-h≥ Ip´n-Iƒ°pw t]\ \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n®p. Hcp Kn®v CXv sNbvXpt\m°m-a-t√m.
t]\bv°v 6 cq]. 256 Ip´n-If
- p-s≠-¶n¬ t]\ hmßm≥ alm-cm-jv{S-bnse A[ym-]-I-\m-
bn-cp∂ Imt{]-°¿ F∂ KWn-
F{X cq] th≠nhcpw?
X-im-kv{X-⁄\ - mWv CXp Is≠-
Fßs\ IW-°m°pw? Øn-bX - v. AXp-sIm≠v 6174 F∂
kwJy Imt{]-°¿ -ÿnckw-Jy-
256 × 6 = .................
F∂-t]-cn-emWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-
Hcp bp. ]n. kvIqfn¬ ]©m-bØv hI ^¿Wn-®¿ Xv.
hmßm≥ ^≠v hI-bn-cp-Øn. Hcp sUkvIn\v 3456
cq] BIp-sa-¶n¬ 85 sUkvIp-Iƒ°v F¥p sNe-
C\n as‰mcp \me-°-
hmIpw? kwJy Fgp-Xq. Cu kwJy
3456 × 85 BWt√m ImtW-≠-Xv. t\sc Xncn-s®-gpXn henb
kwJy-bn¬ \n∂p sNdnb
CXv NphsS sImSpØ coXn-bn¬ Fgp-Xmw: kwJy Ipd-bv°pI. Cu
{]{Inb XpScq. \n߃
3456 × 85 = 3456 × (5 + 80 )
F¥mWp Is≠-Øn-bXv?
= (3456 × 5) + (3456 × 80)
AXm-bXv 3456 × 5 = ...............
3456 × 80 = ...............

3456 × 85 = ...............

15
 KWnXw

CXv Cßs\ Npcp°n Fgp-Xmw.......

3456 × KpWn-®p t\m°msX
85
1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 1 × 3 ×4 × 10.
17280
276480 H∂p apX¬ A©p hsc
XpS¿®-bmb kwJy-Iƒ KpWn-®m¬
293760
KpW-\-^eØns‚ Ah-km\
A°w ]qPy-am-bn-cn-°pw.
bqWnt^mw hnX-cWw
Hcp kvIq-fn¬ 528 s]¨Ip-´n-Ifpw 443 B¨Ip- H∂p apX¬ ]Øp hsc-bp≈
´n-Ifpw D≠v. B¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS Hcp bqWn-t^m- kwJy-Iƒ KpWn-®mtem?
an\v 160 cq]bpw s]¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS Hcp bqWn- KpW-\-^-e-Øns‚ Ah-km-\sØ
F{X A°-߃ ]qPy-am-bn-cn°pw?
t^m-an\v 210 cq]bpw BIp-sa-¶n¬ kvIqfnse
KpWn®v t\m°msX
F√m Ip´n-Iƒ°p-ambn bqWn-t^m-an\v F¥p
]d-bmtam?
sNe-hmIpw?
c≠m-bmepw H∂v
Iznkv a’-c-hnP-bn-Iƒ°v kΩm\w \¬Im-\mbn cmPo-h≥ amÿ 12 cq]-bpsS 3 ]m°‰v
{Itbm¨ hmßn. a’cw Ign-™-t∏mƒ 2 t]¿°p IqSn kΩm\w sImSp-t°≠nh∂-Xn-
\m¬ ho≠pw c≠p ]m°‰v hmßn. kΩm-\-Øn-\mbn
BsI F{X cq] sNe-hmbn?
kwJym-_‘w
BZyw sNe-hm-bXv = 12 × 3 = 36 cq]
XpS¿®-bmb 4 FƬ
ho≠pw 2 ]m°‰v hmßn-b-t∏mƒ kw-Jy-I-fpsS
sNe-hm-bXv = 12 × 2 = 24 cq] KpW-\-^-e-tØmSv
H∂v Iq´p-I.
BsI = 36 + 24 = 60 cq]
Cu kwJy-I-fn¬
CXp Xs∂ as‰mcp coXn-bnepw ImWmw: sNdnb kwJybpw
BsI hmßnb hen-b- kw-Jybpw KpWn®v
]m°-‰p-I-fpsS FÆw = 3+2=5 In´p-∂-Xn-t\mSv H∂v Iq´p-I.
H∂ns‚ hne = 12 Cßs\ In´nb
kwJy-Iƒ XΩn¬
BsI = 12 × 5 = 60 cq]
F¥mWv _‘w?
CXn¬ \n∂p \n߃ F¥p Is≠Øn? IqSp-X¬ DZm-l-c-W-ß-
(3 + 2) × 12 = (3 × 12) + (2 × 12) fn-eqsS \nß-fpsS
\nK-a\w Is≠-Øq.

16
 KWnXw

a\-°-W-°mbn sNømw
Xmsg sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂h a\-°-W-°mbn Is≠-Øp-I.
225 × 98 + 225 × 2
45 × 92 + 45 × 8
115 × 88 + 115 × 12
132 × 7 + 132 × 993

$ Hcp hnZym-`ymk Pn√-bnse 215 hnZym-eb - ß- f

- n¬ KWn-Xe- m_v k÷o-Ic - n-°p-∂X
- n-\mbn
Pn√m-]©
- m-bØv Hmtcm hnZym-eb - n\pw 4850 cq] hoXw A\p-hZ- n-®p. 36 hnZyme-bß
- Ø - -
fn¬ Iºyq-´¿ em_v k÷o-Ic - n-°p-∂X- n\v 76500 cq] hoXhpw A\p-hZ- n-®p. F¶n¬ em_pI-
fpsS k÷o-Ic - W
- Ø
- n-\mbn ]©m-bØv BsI F{X XpI \o°n-h® - p?
$ kvIqƒ D®-`-£W ]≤-Xn-bn¬ Hcp Ip´n°v Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v th≠nhcp-∂Xv 150
{Kmw Acn-bm-Wv. D®-`-£W ]≤-Xn-bn≥ Iogn¬ 1240 Ip´n-Iƒ D≠v. Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v
Ch¿°v BsI F{X Intem{Kmw Acn th≠nhcpw?
$ Hcp bp. ]n. kvIqfn¬ Iºyq-´¿ em_v \n¿am-W-Øn-\mbn ]n. Sn. F. 236465 cq] tiJ-
cn-®p. tiJ-cn® XpI-bn¬ 1000 cq], 500 cq], 100 cq], 50 cq], 10 cq], 5 cq] t\m´p-
I-fmWv D≈-Xv. 1000 cq]mt\m-´p-I-fpsS FÆw 100. a‰p t\m´p-Iƒ Hmtcm∂pw F{X-
sbms° Bhmw? GsX-¶nepw aq∂p coXn-I-fn¬ Fgp-Xp-I.
$ hmb\hmcw {]am-Wn®v kwÿm-\sØ Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ 587 {KŸm-e-b-߃°mbn
1221 ]pkvX-I-߃ hoXw \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\-am-bn. F¶n¬ ]≤-Xn-°p-th≠n BsI
F{X ]pkvX-I-߃ hmtß-≠n-hcpw?
$ c≠v ÿm\m¿YnIƒ am{Xw a’cn® Hcp Xncs™Sp∏n¬ hnP-bn-bmb ÿm\m¿Yn°v
374436 thm´pw FXn¿ ÿm\m¿Yn°v 293760 thm´pw e`n-®p. 1436 thm´p-Iƒ Akm-
[p-hm-bn. F¶n¬ Pbn® ÿm\m¿Yn-bpsS `qcn-]£w F{X-bmWv? AhnsS BsI
F{X-t]cmWv thm´v sNbvXXv?

t{]mPIvSv
Hcp \me-°-kwJy FgpXn AXv Xncn-s®-gp-Xp-I. hep-Xn¬ \n∂v sNdpXv Ipd-bv°p-I.
In´p∂ kwJy-bpsS A°-Øp-Ibv°v Fs¥-¶nepw {]tXy-I-X-bpt≠m?

17
 KWnXw

Xncn™p--t\m-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°v So®-dpsS C\nbpw

]T-\-t\-´-߃ Ignbpw klm-b-tØmsS sa®-s∏-tS
Ignbpw -≠-Xp≠v
$ e£w, ]Øp-e-£w, tImSn XpSßnb
hen- b - k w- J y- I sf A°- ß - f psS
FÆw ASn-ÿm-\-am°n hmbn-°m-
\pw Fgp-Xm\pw Ign-bp∂p.
$ kwJy- I - f n¬ Hmtcm ÿm\w CS-
tØm´v t]mIpw -tXmdpw ÿm\-hne
10 aS-ßm-Ip∂p F∂p hni-Zo-I-cn-
°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
$ GXp kwJy-sbbpw kμ¿`-Øn-\-\p-
k-cn®v H∂p-Iƒ, ]Øp-Iƒ, \qdp-Iƒ,
Bbn-c-߃,... F∂n-ßs\bp≈ Iq´-
ß-fm-°m≥ Ign-bp∂p.
$ Hcp kwJysb aq∂- ° - k w- J y-
IƒsIm≠v KpWn-°p-∂-Xn\v A\p-
tbm-Py-amb am¿Kw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-
bp-∂p.
$ KpW-\-Øns‚ hyXy-kvX am¿K-߃
hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p.
$ hen-bk - w-Jy-Iƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ {]mtbm-
Kn-I-{]-iv\-߃, NXp-jv{In-b-I-fpsS
klm-b-tØmsS ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂p.

18
 KT-131 / 4-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1
KWnXw

2
hc-Iƒ tNcp-tºmƒ

19
 KWnXw

t^mt´m-bnse IuXpIw
amfp th\-e-h-[nbn¬ hnt\m-Z-bm{Xbv°v t]mb-
t∏mƒ FSpØ t^mt´m-Iƒ ¢mkn¬ sIm≠p-h-∂p.
Ch-bn¬ Nne t^mt´m-Iƒ Ipd®p t\cw t\m°n-
Ncn™ tKm]pcw
C‰- e n- b nse ]nkm \K- c - Ø n- e p≈
bn´v A∏p ]d-™p: ""Cu Nn{X-ßfnse√mw Nne
tKm]pcw BWv Nn{X-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. ]nk- {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ D≠v''.
bnse Ncn™ tKm]pcw (Leaning Tower A∏p t\m°nb t^mt´m-I-fmWv NphsS sImSp-Øn-
of Pisa) F∂ t]cn¬ CXv {]kn-≤-am- ´p-≈-Xv.
Wv.

tKm]pcw A¬∏m¬∏w Ncn™p

sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ]n∂oSv Is≠-
Øn. tKm]-pcsØ icn°pw \nh¿Øn
IpØs\ B°m- a m- b n- c p- s ∂- ¶ nepw
hnt\mZk©m-cn-Isf BI¿jn-°p-∂Xv
tKm-]p-c-Øns‚ Ncn-hm-b-Xn-\m¬ AXv
Aßs\ \ne-\n¿Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p Xocp-
am-\w.

"AsX¥mWv?" F√m-hcpw t^mt´m-Iƒ amdnamdn

t\m°n.
Ah-km\w A∏p Xs∂ ]d-™p: ""Cu Nn{X-ß-fn-
se√mw Nne hkvXp-°ƒ IpØ-s\-bm-Wv, a‰p NneXv
A¬∏w Ncn-™-hbpw.''
t^mt´m-Iƒ \nßfpw I≠t√m.

20
 KWnXw

\mep hi-߃
\mep hißfp≈ Nne cq]-ß-fmWv (NXp¿`p-P-߃) _lp-`p-P-߃
NphsS hc-®n-´p-≈-Xv. hi- ß - f psS FÆa\p- k - c n®mWv
Pyman-Xobcq]-߃°p t]cn-´n-cn-°p-∂-
Xv. \mep hi߃ D≈Xv NXp¿`pPw,
A©p hi-ß-fp-≈-Xns\ ]©-`p-Pw,
Bdp hißfp≈- X ns\ jUv ` pPw
1 2 3 F∂n-ß-s\.

NXp¿`pPw

4 5
6 ]©-`pPw

jUv`pPw
7
8
Cu Nn{X-ß-fn¬ XmgsØ hc-bn¬\n∂v IpØs\
ta¬t∏m´v hc® hc-Ifpw Ncn®phc® hc-Ifpw ImWmw. k]vX-`pPw
DZm-l-c-W-ambn, H∂m-asØ Nn{X-Øn¬ CS-tØ-hc
XmgsØ hc-bn¬\n∂p IpØs\ ta¬t∏m-´mWv hc-®Xv;
hetØ hc A¬]w Ncn-™pw. CXp-t]mse a‰p Nn{X-
ß-fn-ep-≈h Is≠Øn ]´nIbm°q. AjvS-`pPw

Nn{Xw IpØs\bp≈ hc Ncn™ncn°p∂ hc

kwkv I r- X - ` m- j - b n¬ \mev , A©v ,
1 CS-tØ- hc he-tØ- hc
Bdv, Ggv, F´v F∂o kwJy-Isf
2 kqNn-∏n-°p∂ i_vZß-fmWv NXp¿,
3 ]©, jUv, k]vX, AjvS F∂n-h.
`pPw F∂m¬ ssI, imJ Fs∂-√m-
4
amWv A¿Yw.
5 CS-tØ- hc, he-tØ- hc
6
7
8

21
 KWnXw

a´kq{Xw
cmta-´≥ Hcp ac-∏e- I
- b
- n¬\n∂v NXp-
cm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ ac°jWw apdn-s®-
Sp-°m≥ {ian-°p-I-bm-Wv. Hcp hiw
at‰ hi-Øn\v IpØs\bm°p-∂-
Xn\v cmta-´≥ D]-tbm-Kn® D]-Ic- Ww
I≠p-h-t√m.
CXns\ a´w F∂mWv hnfn-°p-∂Xv.
\ΩpsS Pyman-Xn-s∏-´n-bnepw c≠p a´-
߃ (Set Squares) D≠v.

ChbpsS D]-tbmKw Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

a´w h®v t\m°mw
NphsS hc® NXp¿`pPw t\m°q.

ChnsS CS-Xv, heXv hc-Iƒ Xmsg-bp≈ hcbv°p IpØs\

ta¬t∏m-´mtWm?
A¬∏w kwibw D≠v, At√?

22
 KWnXw
Hcp a´w D]-tbm-Kn®v \ap°v ]cn-tim-[n®pt\m°mw.

Pntbm-Pn{_
kvIqƒ Xew apX¬
KWnX]T-\-Øn\v Gsd
klm-b-Ia-- mb Hcp
tkm^v‰vshb-dmWv
Pntbm-Pn-{_.
hnhn[ Hm∏-td-‰nMv knÃ-ß-fn¬
{]h¿Øn-°p∂ Xc-Øn¬ Cu
tkm^v‰vshb¿ e`y-am-Wv.
hetØ hc A¬∏w Ncn-™n-´p-≠v. ·p/en\-Ivkn¬ {]h¿Øn-°p∂
"Geogebra 4" BWv \mw
hc®pt\m°mw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. Bkv{Xn-b-bn-ep≈
Hcp hc hc®v AXn¬ Hcp IpØv (_nμp) C´- km¬kv_¿Kv bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse
Xns‚ Nn{X-amWv NphsS sImSp-Øn-´p≈Xv. A[ym-]-I-\m-bn-cp∂
a¿Ikv tlmh≥ hm¿S¿ 2001˛¬
cq]-s∏-SpØnbXpw Ct∏mgpw sa®-s∏-Sp-
Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb
Cu hcbv°p IpØ-s\bmbn as‰mcp hc hc- Hcp KWnX]T\ tkm^v‰v
bv°Ww. AXv Cu IpØn-eq-sS-bm-Ip-Ibpw thWw. shb-dmWv Pntbm-Pn-{_.
CXv ]q¿W-ambpw kzX{¥
CXn-\pw Pyman-Xn-s∏-´n-bnse a´w D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. tkm^v‰vshb¿ KW-Øn¬
s]Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. ssa°¬ t_m¿®mUv
(Michael Borcherds) F∂
kvIqƒ A[ym-]-I-\mWv
Cu tkm^v‰vshb¿
hnI-kn-∏n--°p-∂-Xn¬
{][m\ ]¶p hln-°p∂
Hcp hy‡n.

Ct∏mƒ hc® hc BZysØ hc-bn¬\n∂pw IpØs\ ta¬t∏m-´m-W.v

a´-Øns‚ aq∂v aqe-Ifn¬ Hcp aqe D]-tbm-Kn-®m-Wt√m ChnsS IpØ-s\-bp≈ hc- h-c®
- X
- .v
a´-Øns‚ a‰p aqe-I-fn¬ \n∂v Cu aqebv°v Hcp {]tXy-IX D≠v. ChnsS a´-Øns‚ Hcp
hi-Øn\v (h°v) IpØ-s\-bmWv sXm´-SpØ hiw. Cu hi-߃ tN¿∂p-≠m-Ip∂ aqesb
"a´aqe' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.

23
 KWnXw

C\n CXp-t]m-semcp Nn{Xw t\m´p]pkvXIØn¬ hc®pt\m°q.

Hcp hc hc-bv°p-I. hcbv°v IpØ-s\-bmbn c≠p hc-Iƒ hc-bv°p-I.
Hcp hcbv°v IpØs\ F{X hcIƒ hc-bv°mw?
Hcp hc-bpsS A‰-Øp≈ _nμp-hn-eqsS hcbv°v IpØs\bp≈ hc Fßs\ hc-bv°pw?

BZyw \ap°v hc-bpsS CStØ A‰-Øp≈ _nμp-hn-

eqsS IpØ-s\-bp≈ hc Fßs\ hcbv°pw F∂p
t\m°mw.

C\n hetØ A‰-Øp≈ _nμp-hn¬\n∂v

IpØ- s \- b p≈ hc Fßs\ hcbv ° mw
F∂p t\m°mw.

BZyhc A¬∏w \o´n hc-®-Xns‚ Bhiyw a\- n-em-b-t√m.

Polygon Tool Ct∏mƒ hc® hc as‰mcp

Application  Education  Geogebra F∂ coXn-bnepw hc-bv°mw.
{Ia-Øn¬ Pntbm-Pn{_ tkm^v‰vshb¿
Xpd-°p-I. Tools  polygon tools  polygon
F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ FSp-°p-I.
{]X-e-Øn¬ \mep _nμp-°-fn¬ ¢n°v
sNbvXv HSp-hn¬ BZy _nμp-hn¬ ¢n°v
sNbvXm¬ NXp¿`pPw In´pw. Cu coXn-bn¬
hyXykvX NXp¿`p-P-߃ \n¿an-°p-I.
Tool bar ¬\n∂v Move tool FSp- ° p- I .
NXp¿`p-P-ß-fpsS aqe-bn¬ ¢n°v sNbvXv
CS-Xv, heXv hc-Iƒ XmgsØ hcbv°v
IpØ-s\-bm-°p-I.

24
 KWnXw

hc®pt\m°mw
$ 6 sk‚nao-‰¿ \of-ap≈ Hcp hc hc-bv°p-I. Cu hc-bpsS CStØ
A‰sØ _nμp-hn¬\n∂v 3 sk‚nao-‰¿ Dbc-Øn¬ IpØ-s\- Hcp
hc hc-bv°p-I. hetØ A‰sØ _nμp-hn¬ \n∂pw 4 sk‚nao-‰¿
Dbc-Øn¬ IpØ-s\ Hcp hc hc-bv°pI. Ct∏mƒ hc® hc-I-fpsS
c≠-‰ßfpw tbmPn-∏n®v hc-bv°p-I.
$ 7 sk‚nao-‰¿ \of-ap≈ Hcp hc hc®v c≠-‰-ß-fnepw hcbv°v
IpØs\ 4 sk‚nao-‰¿ Dbc-ap≈ hcIƒ hc-bv°p-I. Ct∏mƒ hc®
hcIfpsS c≠-‰-ßfpw tbmPn-∏n®v hc-bv°p-I. Cu hc-bpsS \ofw
Af-s∂-gp-XpI. Ct∏mƒ hc® Nn{Xw t\m°q. Cu NXp-c-Øns‚
\ofhpw hoXnbpw F{X-bmWv?

NXp-cm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ Nne hkvXp-°-fpsS Nn{X-߃ BWv NphsS sImSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv.

CØcw hkvXp-°-fpsS hi-߃ Af∂pt\m°q.

NXp-c-ß-fpsS FXn¿h-i-ßfpsS \ofw Xpey-at√?
aqe-I-sf Ipdn®v F¥p ]d-bmw?
NXp-c-Øns‚ aqe-Iƒ a´amWv F∂p ]d-bmw.

25
 KWnXw

NXpcw hcbv°mw
$ ASp-Ø-SpØ hi-ß-fpsS \ofw 6 sk‚nao-‰¿, 5 sk‚nao-‰¿ Bb NXpcw hc-bv°pI.

$ hi-߃ F√mw 5 sk‚nao-‰¿ Bb NXpcw hc-bv°pI.

3 sk.ao.
$ a´hpw kvsIbnepw D]-tbm-Kn®v hc® Hcp
Nn{Xw sImSp--Øn-cn-°p-∂p. 2 sk.ao.

2 sk.ao.

2 sk.ao.
CtX Af-hn¬ Cu Nn{Xw hc-bv°pI.

3 sk.ao. 3 sk.ao.

NXpcw Ncn-™m¬
a´-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v AΩp Iptd NXp-c-߃ hc®p. At∏m-sgmcp IrkrXn tXm∂n. a´-
Ønse as‰mcp aqe D]-tbm-Kn®v hc-®mtem? Cßs\ AΩp hc® Nn{Xw t\m°p.

Cu Nn{Xw I≠ dlow a´-Øns‚ aq∂m-asØ aqe am{Xw

D]-tbm-Kn®v hc® Nn{Xw t\m°q.

Cu c≠p Nn{X-ßf- nepw CS-X,v heXv hisØ hc-Iƒ Ncn-™n-´m-W.v c≠nepw Ncnhv Htc-
t]m-se-bmtWm?

26
 KWnXw

]pXnb cq]-߃
$ Pyman-Xn-s∏-´n-bnse a´-ßfpsS ]e
aqe-Iƒ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn®v hc®
Hcp Nn{XamWv sImSp-Øn-´p-≈Xv.
Cu Nn{Xw t\m´v]pkvXIØn¬
hc-bv°p-I.
3s

ao.

$ dlow t\m´v]pkvXIØn¬ Hcp IpØn-´-

k.

k.

Xn\p tijw, B IpØn\v Np‰pw a´-Ønse

ao.
3s

Hcp- aqe am{Xw am‰n h®v Cß-s\-sbmcp

3 sk.ao. 3 sk.ao.
Nn{Xw hc-®p.
3s
ao.

CXn\v F{X hi- ß - f p≠v? Cu Nn{Xw

k.

k.
3s

\n߃°pw hc-bv°m-at√m. {ian®pt\m°q.

ao.

$ a´- Ø nse a‰p aqe- I ƒ CXp- t ]mse Hcp IpØn\v Np‰pw XpS¿®- b mbn h®v
hc®pt\m°q. Hmtcm Nn{X-Ønepw F{X hi-ß-fp-s≠∂v t\m°q.
IpØ-s\bpw Ncn™pw
Pyman-Xn-s∏-´n-bnse a´-ß-fpsS ]e]e aqe-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hc® cq]-ß-fmWv NphsS
D≈Xv.
KT-131 / 5-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

Ch-bpsS hi-ßsf√mw Af-s∂-gp-Xp-I. FXn¿h-i-߃ XΩn-se-¥mWv _‘w?

27
 KWnXw

NXp-c-߃ Iºyq-´-dn¬
X∂n-cn-°p∂ Af-hp-I-fp≈ NXp-c-߃
Pntbm-Pn{_ D]-tbm-Kn®v Fßs\ hc- F√m Nn{X- ß fpw Htct]mse- b mtWm?
bv°m-sa∂v t\m°mw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Fs¥ms°bmWv hyXym-k-߃? NXp-c-Øn¬
\ofw 3, hoXn 2 hcp∂ Hcp NXpcw hc-
CSØpw heØpap≈ hc-Iƒ XmgsØ hc-
bv°-W-sa-∂n-cn-°s´.
bn¬ \n∂p IpØs\ ta¬t∏m-´m-Wv.
a‰p Nn{X-ß-fn¬ Cu hc-Iƒ A¬∏w Ncn-™n-
´mWv. F∂m¬ F√m Nn{X-ß-fnepw Cu Ncnhv
D C
Hcpt]mse-bmtWm?
F√m Nn{X-ßfnepw \mep aqe-Iƒ D≠v. c≠p
A B hi-߃ tNcp-tºm-gm-Wt√m Hcp aqe- D≠m-hp-
∂-Xv.
New point D]-tbm-Kn®v Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWp- c≠p hc-Iƒ Hcp _nμp-hn¬ IqSn-t®-cp-
∂-Xp-t]mse A, B, C, D F∂n-ßs\ \mev
_nμp-°ƒ AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØp-I. Polygon tºmƒ Hcp tIm¨ (Angle) D≠m-hp-∂p
Sqƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v A, B, C, D F∂o _nμp- F∂mWv IW-°ns‚ `mj.
°ƒ {Ia-ambn ¢n°v-sN-øp-I. D bn¬
FØnb tijw ho≠pw A bn¬ ¢n°p At∏mƒ t\ctØ hc® Nn{X-ßfn¬ hyXykvX
sNø-Ww. Ct∏mƒ Hcp NXpcw e`n°pw.
Distance Sqƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v NXp-c-Øns‚
tImWp-I-fmWv D≈Xv F∂p ]d-bmw.
hi-ß-fn¬ ¢n°v sNbvXv hi-ß-fpsS Cw•ojv A£cßfnse tImWp-Iƒ t\m°q.
\ofw {]Z¿in-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Move
Sqƒ D]- t bm- K n®v hi- ß - f n¬ ¢n°v
sNbvXp-sIm≠v hen-®m¬ hi-ß-fpsS
\ofw hyXym-k-s∏-SpØmw. VEFWXZY
hm°pw s]mcpfpw IpØs\bp≈ hcIƒ am{Xw D]-tbm-Kn-s®-gp-
Cw•o-jn¬ tImWns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Angle F∂ Xm-hp∂ F{X A£-c-ß-fp≠v?
hm°v, {Ko°v`- m-jb
- nse B¶n-temkv F∂ ]Z- a‰p- ≈ h Is≠- Ø p- I . Hmtcm- ∂ nepw F{X
Øn¬\n-∂m-Wv h∂Xv. hf-™Xv, t\sc-b-√m-
ØXv Fs∂-√m-amWv CXns‚ A¿Yw. tImWp-Iƒ ho-X-ap≠v?
Cw•o-jn¬Øs∂, \nß-fpsS ¢mkv apdn-bn-epw ho´nepw ]cn-kc- Øpw
Imepw ]mZhpw tNcp∂ ]e XcØnep≈ tImWp-Iƒ ImWm-at- √m. Ah
`mK-Øn\v Ankle
F∂mWv ]d-bp-∂X - .v Is≠Øn t\m´v]pkvXI - Ø
- n¬ hc-b° v p-I.

28
 KWnXw

hnS-cp∂ tImWp-Iƒ
hyXykvX kab߃ ImWn-°p∂
c≠p t¢m°pI-fpsS Nn{Xw t\m°q.
11 12 1 11 12 1
10 2 10 2
9 3 9 3
8 4 8 4
7 6 5 7 6 5

t¢m°nse kqNn-Iƒ XΩn¬ Hcp tIm¨ D≠m-°p- hncn-bp∂ tIm¨

∂p≠-t√m.
c≠v t¢m°n-sebpw kqNn-Iƒ°nS-bnse hncnhv Htc-
t]m-se-bm-tWm?
c≠m-asØ t¢m°n¬ kqNn-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ hncnhv
A¬∏w IqSnbn-´p-≠v. AXm-bXv tIm¨ A¬∏w hep-
Xmbn F∂p ]d-bmw. Ct∏mƒ kabw 10.10 BWt√m.
kabw 10.15 BIp-tºmtgm?
a´-߃ tNcp-tºmƒ
a´Øns‚ Hcp aqe D]-tbm-Kn®v hc® Hcp tIm¨
t\m°q.
a´-Øns‚ CtX aqe tImWns‚ Hcp Acp-In-t\mSv
(hi-tØm-Sv) tN¿Øph®v as‰mcp tIm¨ hc-bv°mw.
tImWns‚ hncnhv am‰m≥
Ign- b p∂ coXn- b n¬ Hcp
Nn{Xw Pntbm-Pn-{_-bn¬ hc-bv°mw.
CXn-\mbn Circle with centre through
point Sqƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp hrØw
hc-bv°p-I. hrØ-Øns‚ tI{μw A
F∂ _nμphpw hrØw IS-∂p-t]m-
Ip∂ _nμp B bpam-Wv. hrØ-Øn¬
a‰p c≠p _nμp-°ƒ C, D F∂nh
AS- b m- f - s ∏- S p- Ø p- I . Segment be-
tween two points Sqƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v
A, B F∂o _nμp-°ƒ tbmPn-∏n-°p-
I. CXp- t ]mse A, D F∂nhbpw
tbmPn-∏n-°-Ww. C\n hrØw, _nμp
A, _nμp B Ch ad-bv°mw. hrØw
ad- b v ° p- ∂ - X n- \ mbn Pointer hrØ-
Øn¬ sIm≠ph∂v right click
sNbvX tijw Show / Hide F∂-
Xn\p t\sc-bp≈ am¿°v If-bp-I.
CXp-t]mse A, B F∂o _nμp-°fpw
adbv°mw. XpS¿∂v D bn¬ ¢n°v
sNbvXv Move tool D]tbm-Kn®v Nen-
∏n®v hncn-bp∂ tIm¨ \n¿an-°mw.

Ct∏mƒ Nn{X-Øn¬ F{X tImWp-I-fp≠v? ct≠m aqt∂m?

29
 KWnXw

P
C

Cu aq∂p tImWp-I-sfbpw th¿Xn-cn®p ]d-bm≥ \ap°v

tImWp-Iƒ°v t]cnSmw.

A B
BZyw hc® tImWns\ tIm¨ CAB Ft∂m tIm¨ BAC Ft∂m ]d-bmw. c≠m-aXv hc®
- X-¶n¬  F∂ Nn”-amWv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-
tImWmWv PAC. tImWn-s\-°p-dn-®mWv ]d-bp-∂s
∂-X.v At∏mƒ BZyw hc-®Xv CAB, hmbn-°p-∂Xv tIm¨ CAB, c≠m-aXv hc-®Xv PAC.
aq∂m-asØ tImWns‚ t]sc-¥mWv?
Cu aq∂p tImWp-I-fn¬ G‰hpw henb tIm¨ GXmWv? G‰hpw sNdnb tImtWm?

a´-Øns‚ c≠p hyXykvX aqe-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v

hc® tImWp-I-fmWv Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.

H∂m-asØ tImWns\ Nn{X-Øn-teXp t]mse c≠m-asØ

tImWn-\p≈n¬ hbv°mw.
Ct∏mƒ Hcp Imcyw ]dbmw ˛ H∂m-asØ tIm¨ c≠m-asØ
tImWn-t\-°mƒ sNdp-Xm-Wv.

a´-Øns‚ aqe-Iƒ D]tbmKn®v hc® tImWp-I-fmWv NphsS ImWp-∂-Xv.

A D

B C E F

O
G

I
M N
H
30
KWnXw

Ch-bn¬ G‰hpw sNdnb tIm¨ GXmWv? a´-`w-Kn-

G‰hpw henb tImtWm? Htc-t]m-se-
bp≈ c≠p a´-
tImWp-I-sf Ah-bpsS hep-∏-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v {Iao- ߃ tN¿Øp-
I-cn-s®-gp-Xp-I. h® Hcp cq]-
amWv ChnsS
ImWp-∂-Xv.
Cu NXp- c -
Øns‚ hi-ß-
fpsS khn- t i-
jX F¥mWv?
$ Nn{X-Øn¬ F{X tImWp-I-fp≠v?
a´-߃ tN¿∂
as‰mcp cq]w
CXm...
Cu {XntIm-W-Øns‚ hi-ß-fpsS
khn-ti-jX F¥mWv?
CXp-t]mse a´-߃ tN¿Øv a‰p
cq]-߃ D≠m°nt\m°q.

$ Hcp hoSns‚ Xd-bpsS Nn{X-amWv (πm≥) hc- 4 ao. 6 ao.

®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 2 ao.
3 ao.
2 ao‰¿ \of-Øn\v 1 sk‚n-ao-‰¿ F∂ IW-°- 3 ao.
\pkcn-®mWv CXp hc-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. 3 ao.

1 ao‰¿ \of-Øn\v 1 sk‚nao-‰¿ F∂ IW-°n¬

CtX Nn{Xw t\m´p-]pkvXIØn¬ hc-bv°q.
5 ao.
4 ao.
4 ao.

2 ao.

31
 KWnXw

Xncn™p--t\m-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°v So®-dpsS C\nbpw

]T-\-t\-´-߃ Ignbpw klm-b-tØmsS sa®-s∏-tS
Ignbpw -≠-Xp≠v
$ a´ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v NXp-c-ßfpw
ka-NX
- p-cß
- fpw hc-bv°m\pw Ah-
bpsS {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-
°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.
$ Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ hkvXp-°sf \nco-
£n®v tImWp-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥
Ign-bp-∂p.
$ A\p-tbm-Py-amb D]-I-c-W-߃
D]-tbm-Kn®v IrXy-ambn tIm¨
hc-bv°p∂p. Cu tijn {]iv\]cn-
l-c-W-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p.
$ cq]-߃ Xncn-®-dn-bm\pw tbmPn®
t]cp ]d-bm\pw {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m\pw Ign-bp-∂p.
$ sF.Sn.-bpsS klm-bØ- m¬ (Pntbm-
Pn{_) tIm¨, NXpcw XpS-ßnb
Bi-bß - ƒ hni-Zo-Ic
- n-°p-∂p.

32
KWnXw

3
`mKw hbv°¬

33
 KWnXw

hoXw hbv°mw
Hcp bp.]n. kvIqfnse kzmX-{¥yZn-\m-tLm-j-Øns‚ `mK-ambn 5F ¢mknse Ip´n-Isf
Bdv sNdp kwL-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw Hmtcm tPmen-bmWv
\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. A[ym-]nI Iptd anTmbn ao\p-hns\
lc-W-kq{Xw G¬∏n®v kwL-߃°v Xpey-ambn hoXn®p \¬Im≥ ]d-
\memw ¢mknse AΩnWn ™p. ao\p FÆn-t\m-°n ˛ 48 anTmbn.
So®¿ Ip´n- I ƒ°v hnX- c Ww
48 anTmbn 6 kwL-߃°v Xpey-ambn Fßs-\b
- mWv hoXn-
sNøm≥ 65 anTm- b n- hmßn.
°p-I?
¢mknse Ip´n-Isf 5 kwL-ß-
fm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. So®¿ 10 anTm-bn- BZyw Hmtcm∂p hoXw Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw am‰n-h-®p. Cu
bpsS 6 ]m°‰pw ]m°- ‰ n- e - coXn-bn¬ _m°n-bp-≈Xv hoXw h®v t\m°q.
√msX 5 FÆ-hp-am-Wv \¬In-
bXv . Fß- s \- b mWv hoXw
hbv°p-I?
BZyw Hmtcm ]m°‰pw Hmtcm
kwL- Ø n\pw \¬Ipw. C\n
F¥p sNøpw?
_m°n-bp≈ Hcp ]m°‰v Agn®v
AXnse 10 FÆhpw BZy-
ap≈ 5 FÆhpw tN¿Øv 15
anTm-bn-bm-°pw.
Cu 15 anTm-bn- 5 kwL-߃°p
hoXn-®m¬ Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw
3 anTm-bn- hoXw In´pw. At∏mƒ
apgp-h≥ anTm-bn-bpw hoXn®p Ign-™t√m?
Hcp kwL-Øn\v In´p-∂Xv 1 Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw F{X anTmbn In´n?
]m°‰pw 3 FÆ-hpw.
Cßs\ Hmtcm-∂mbn t\m°msX Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw
= 1 ]m°‰v + 3 FÆw
= 10 + 3 = 13 FÆw
sImSp-t°-≠Xv Fßs\ I≠p-]n-Sn°mw?
BsI anTm-bn-bpsS FÆw F{X-bmWv?
At∏mƒ Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw sImSp-t°≠ anTm-bn-bpsS FÆw 6 XhW Iq´n-bm¬ 48
In´-Wat√m.
AXm-bXv, Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw sImSp-t°≠ anTm-bn-bpsS FÆsØ 6 sIm≠v KpWn-
®m¬ 48 In´Ww.
6 sIm≠v GXv kwJysb KpWn-®m-emWv 48 In´pI?
CXv as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬ ]d-bm-a-t√m. 48 s\ 6 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ 8 In´pw.
AXm-bXv 48 6 = 8

34
 KWnXw

CXp-t]mse 5 _n ¢mkn¬ 56 anTm-bn- hnX-cWw sNbvX-t∏mƒ Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw

8 anTmbn- In´n. Cu ¢mkn¬ F{X kwL-ß-fmWv D≈Xv?
kwL-ß-fpsS FÆw IW-°m-°m≥ F¥mWv sNtø-≠Xv?
56 anTm-bn- 8 anTm-bn- hoX-ap≈ Iq´-ß-fm°n t\m°mw.

F{X Iq´-ß-fp-≠v?
At∏mƒ 5 _n ¢mkn¬ F{X kwLß-fmWv D≈Xv?
Cßs\ Iq´-ßf
- m°n t\m°msX Iq´-ßf
- psS FÆw IW-°m-°m≥ as‰s¥-¶nepw am¿Kw
Dt≠m?
56 anTm-bnbmWv 8 FÆw hoX-ap≈ Iq´-ß-fm°n am‰n-b-Xv. AXn\m¬ Iq´-ß-fpsS FÆw
8 XhW Iq´n-bm¬ 56 In´pw. As√-¶n¬ Iq´-ß-fpsS FÆsØ 8 sIm≠v KpWn-®m¬ 56
In´pw.
8 s\ F{X sIm≠v KpWn-®m-emWv 56 In´pI?

At∏mƒ 56 s\ 8 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ F{X In´pw?

AXm-bXv 56 8 = 7
At∏mƒ 5 _n ¢mkn¬ F{X kwL-߃ Ds≠∂v a\- n-em-bt√m.
$ CXp-t]mse, ]e ¢mkp-If- nepw kwL-ßf - m-°n-bX
- n-s‚bpw anTmbn sImSp-ØX
- ns‚bpw
Nne Imcy-߃ Nph-sS-bp≈ ]´n-I-bn-ep-≠v. CXn¬ Fgp-XmØ Imcy-߃ IW-°m°n
]´nI ]q¿Ønbm°q.
BsI ¢mknse Hmtcm kwL-Øn\pw
¢mkv
anTm-bn-bpsS FÆw kwL-ß-fpsS FÆw In´nb anTm-bn-bpsS- FÆw

5C 70 5 -
KT-131 / 6-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

6A 96 - 8
6B 84 6 -
6C - 7 12

35
 KWnXw

kwJym-am-PnIv $ Htc Xc-Øn-ep≈ 7 t]\-bpsS hne 98 cq].

Hcp c≠- ° - k wJyHcp t]\-bpsS hne F{XbmWv?
hnNm-cn-°pI. AXn¬-
$ Aa¬ IS-bn¬ \n∂v 6 t\m´p-]p-kvX-I-߃
\n∂p kwJy- b psS
A°- ß fpsS XpI hmßn®p. F√m-‰n\pw Htc hne-bm-Wv. 100 cq]
Ipd-bv°pI. Ct∏mƒ sImSp-Øt- ∏mƒ IS-°m-c≥ 4 cq] Xncn®p sImSp-
In´nb DØ- c sØ Øp. Hcp t\m´p- ] p- k vX- I - Ø ns‚ hne-
hnNm- c n® kwJy- sb{XbmWv?
bpsS ]Øns‚
$ thmfn-t_mƒ ]cn-io-e\ - Ø - n¬ 96 Ip´n-Iƒ ]s¶-
ÿm\sØ A°w
sIm≠v lcn-°pI. Ct∏mƒ In´nb Sp-Øp. Ip´n-Isf 8 t]¿ hoX-ap≈ Iq´ß-fm-
DØcw 9 At√? thsd c≠°kwJy °n. BsI F{X Iq´ßƒ D≠mhpw?
FSpØv Ifn®pt\m°q. $ Hcp ssaXm-\Ø- n¬ Iptd Hmt´mdn£-Ifpw Imdp-
C\n Hcp aq∂°kwJy hnNm-cn-°pI. Ifpw \n¿- Ø n- b n- ´ n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. F√m hml- \ -
AXn¬\n∂p kwJy-bpsS A°ß- ߃°pw IqSn 100 N{I-߃ Ds≠∂v \μp ]d-
fpsS -XpI Ipd-bv°q. Ct∏mƒ In´nb ™p. Hmt´m-dn-£I - ƒ 12 FÆw Ds≠∂v dnbmkv
DØ-csØ 9 sIm≠v lcn-°pI. lc-
]d-™p. Imdp-Iƒ F{X-sb-Æ-ap≠v?
W-^-e-Øn¬\n∂p hnNm-cn® kwJy-
bpsS ]Øns‚ ÿm\sØ A°w $ Hcp kvIqfn¬ B¨Ip-´n-Iƒ°p≈ bqWnt^mw
Ipd- b v ° pI. Ct∏mƒ In´nb DØ- hnX-c-W-Øn-\mbn 76 ao‰¿ hoX-ap≈ 8 Np‰v
csØ hnNm-cn® kwJy-bpsS \qdns‚ XpWn sIm≠ph∂n-´p-≠v. Hcp Ip´n°v 4 ao‰¿
ÿm\sØ A°w sIm≠v lcn-°pI. XpWn-bmWv \¬tI-≠X - v. Hcp Np‰v XpWnsIm≠v
Ct∏mƒ In´nb lc-W-^ew 11 At√?
F{X t]¿°v bqWnt^mw sImSp°mw? 8 Np‰v
thsdbpw aq∂°kwJy FSpØv Ifn-®p- XpWnsIm≠v F{X t]¿°v sImSp°mw?
t\m-°q.
a\°-W-°mbpw sNømw
108 s\√n° 4 t]¿°v hoXn-°-Ww. BZyw 100
s\√n° hoXn-®mtem?
Hcmƒ°v F{X In´pw?
GXp kwJysb 4 sIm≠v KpWn-®m-emWv 100 In´pI?
At∏mƒ 100 FÆw hoXn-°p-tºmƒ Hcmƒ°v 25
FÆw In´pw.
C\n 8 FÆw IqSn-bp-≠v. AXpw hoXn-®mtem?
Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw 2 IqSn.
BsI 25 + 2 = 27
CXv as‰mcp Xc-Øn¬∏-d-bmw.

36
 KWnXw

108 s\ 4 sIm≠v lcn-°m≥, 100 s\bpw 8 s\bpw Ie-≠¿ IW°v

4 sIm≠v lcn®v Iq´n-bm¬ aXn.
Hcp amksØ Ie-≠-dn¬
CXp-t]mse NphsS X∂n-cn-°p∂h a\-°-W-°mbn \mep -kw-Jy-Iƒ D≈ Hcp ka-
sNbvXpt\m°q. N-Xpcw AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

$ 168 cq] 8 t]¿°v hoXn-®m¬ Hcmƒ°v F{X 5 6

cq] In´pw?
$ 175 t]\-Iƒ 7 ]m°-‰p-I-fn-em-°n-bm¬ Hcp 12 13
]m°-‰n¬ F{X t]\ D≠mhpw?
$ 189 t\m´v]pkvXI߃ 9 FÆw hoXw F{X Cu kwJy-I-fpsS XpIsb 4 sIm≠v
lcn®v t\m°q. CØcw
t]¿°v hoXn®p sImSp°mw?
ka-N-Xp-c-߃ thsd-sb-SpØv
$ 72 sk‚nao-‰¿ \of-ap≈ Hcp NcSv aS°n ka- CXpt]mse sNbvXpt\m°q.
N- X pcw D≠m- ° n- . Hcp hi- Ø ns‚ \ofw In´nb kwJybv°v
BZy If-Ønse
F{XbmWv?
kwJy-bp-ambn F¥p
_‘-am-Wp-≈-Xv?
]pkvX-I-hn-X-cWw
A©v ¢mkp-I-fn-te°p hnX-cWw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-
th≠n 735 t\m´v]p-kvX-I-߃ kvIqfn¬ FØn-
bn-´p-≠v. Ch A©v ¢mkp-I-fnepw Xpey-ambn
hoXn-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. Hmtcm ¢mkn-\pw F{X t\m´v]p-kvX-I߃ In´pw?
735 t\m´v]pkvXI
- ß
- ƒ ]e sI´p-If
- m-bmWv In´n-bX
- .v 100 FÆ-ap≈ 7 sI´v, 10 FÆ-ap≈
3 sI´v. ]ns∂ sI´nsem-∂p-a-√mØ 5 FÆhpw.
BZyw 100 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ `mKn-°mw.
Hmtcm ¢mknepw 100 s‚ F{X sI´p-Iƒ
sImSp°mw?

100 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ C\n-sb-{X-bp≠v?

CsX-ßs\ 5 ¢mkp-I-fn-te°v `mKn°pw?
sI´-gn-°-Ww. 100 s‚ Hmtcm sI´nepw 10 t\m´v-]p-kvX-I-߃ hoX-ap≈ 10 sI´p-I-fmWv
D≈-Xv.

100 s‚ 2 sI´p-Iƒ Agn-®m¬ 10 ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS F{X sI´p-Iƒ D≠m-Ipw?

37
 KWnXw

ho≠pw Hcp Ie-≠¿ IW°v

Hcp amksØ Ie-≠-dn¬ 9 kwJy-I-
fp≈ Hcp ka-N-Xpcw hc-bv°q. 10 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ t\c-tØ-Xs∂ F{X-bp-≠m-
bncp∂p?
3 4 5
Ct∏mƒ 10 s‚ sI´pIƒ BsI F{X-bmWv?

10 11 12 10 s‚ Cu 23 sI´p-Iƒ 5 ¢mkp-I-fn-te°v `mKn-

®m¬, Hmtcm ¢mknepw F{X sI´p- h oXw
17 18 19 sImSp°mw?

CXnse kwJy-If - psS XpIsb 9 sIm≠v 10 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ F{X an®-ap≠v?

lcn®v t\m°q. CØcw thsd ka-N-Xp-
c- ß ƒ hc®v CXp- t ]mse sNbv X p
t\m°q. lcn®v In´p∂ kwJy°v \Sp-
°p≈ If- Ø nse kwJy- b p- a mbn
F¥mWp _‘w? BZy- I - f - Ø nse
kwJy-bp-ambn F¥mWp _‘w?
10 s‚ Cu 3 sI´p-Iƒ Agn-®v t\ctØ-bp≈ 5
]pkvX-I-ßfpsS IqsS tN¿Øm¬ BsI F{X
]pkvX-I-ß-fm-Ipw?
Cu 35 ]pkvX-I-ßsf 5 ¢mkp-I-fn-te°v `mKn-
®m¬ Hmtcm ¢mknepw F{X ]pkvXI
- ß
- ƒ In´pw?

Hmtcm ¢mknepw In´nb t\m´v-]p-kvX-IßfpsS IW°v Cß-s\-sb-gp-Xmw:

100 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ = .................

10 s‚ sI´p-Iƒ = .................

sI´p-I-fn¬ s]Sm-Øh = .................

BsI ]pkvX-I-߃
= (1  100) + (4  10) + 7

= 100 + 40 + 7

= 147

38
 KWnXw

Cu {Inb-Iƒ Npcp°nsbgp-Xmw.
1 4 7

\qdv ]Øv H∂v

am{¥nINXpcw
5 7 3 5

15=5 5
8 1 6
2 2  100 3 5
= 20
 10
20 3 5 7

23 5
4 9 2
4 5 = 20 20
3 hcnbpw 3 \nc-bp-ap≈
3 31 5 am{¥nINXp-c-am-Wt√m CXv.
0
Cu am{¥nINXp-c-Ønse
30 kwJy-I-fpsS XpI- F-{X-
bmWv? e`n® XpIsb 9
35
sIm≠v lcn-°q. Ct∏mƒ
7  5 = 35 35 In´nb kwJy GXv?
aq∂p hcnbpw aq∂p \nc-bp-
ap≈ F√m am{¥nINXp-c-
CXv A¬∏w-IqSn Npcp-°n-sb-gp-Xmw: Øn\pw CXv icn-bmtWm?
1 14 ]cn-tim-[n®pt\m°q.
1
5 735 5 735 735
15 5 15=5 5 15=5 5
2 23 23
4  5 = 20 20
14 14 147
735 5 735 5 735
15=5 5 15=5 5 15=5 5
23 23 23
4  5 = 20 20 4  5 = 20 20 4  5 = 20 20
3 35 35
7  5 = 35 35
AXm-bXv, 735 5 = 147

39
 KWnXw

$ cmPp, dlow, s_∂n F∂n-h¿ Hcp-an®v sNbvX

Hcp tPmen°v Iqen-bmbn BsI 960 cq] In´n.
lcn-°m-s\mcp kq{Xw Xpey-ambn hoXn-°p-tºmƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw
300 s\ 15 sIm≠v F{X cq] hoXw In´pw?
lcn-°p-∂-Xn-\p -]-Icw GsXms°
kwJy-IƒsIm≠v lcn-°Ww $ ka-N-Xp-cm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ Hcp tXm´-Øns‚ Np‰-
F∂p Is≠-Ømtam? fhv 884 ao‰-dm-Wv. tXm´-Øns‚ Hcp hi-Øns‚
15 = 3  5 \ofw F{X-bmWv?
AXp-sIm≠v BZyw 300  3 $ \mept]¿ tN¿∂p \S-Ønb Hcp bm{X-bn¬ 856
Is≠Øn Cu lc-W-^-esØ 5 cq] sNe-hm-bn. F¶n¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw F{X
sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ aXn-bt√m.
cq] sNe-hmbn?
a\°-W-°mbn sNøq.
$ 450  18 $ Pbnwkv Xs‚ ho´n-te°v c≠p Xcw kn.F-^v.-
$ 168  24 F¬. _ƒ_p-Iƒ 5 FÆw hoXw hmßn-®p.
hne- I p- d ™ _ƒ_v H∂n\v 85 cq]- b m- W v
\¬InbXv. BsI hne 1000 cq]bmbn. hne
IqSnb _ƒ_pI-fn¬ H∂n\v F¥mWv hne?
$ Hcp bp.]n. kvIqfn-te°v Htc hne-bp≈ 6
t¢m°p-Iƒ hmßn-. BsI 924 cq]-bm-bn. C\n
CtX hne-bp≈ 7 t¢m°p-Iƒ IqSn hmßm≥
F{X cq] th≠n-hcpw?
$ kvIqƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ ]m¬hnX-c-W-Øn\v Hcp
Ip´n°v 150 an√n en‰¿ ]m¬ BWv th≠Xv.
20 Ip´n-Iƒ°v sImSp-°m≥ F{X en‰¿ ]m¬
thWw?
$ Hcp kvIqfn¬ Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v 54 en‰¿ ]m¬
thWw. kvIqfn¬ F{X Ip´n-Iƒ°mWv ]m¬
\¬Ip-∂-Xv?
sXm∏n°W°v
$ Hcp {In°‰v Soanse 11 t]¿°v sXm∏n- hmßn-
b-t∏mƒ BsI 693 cq] sNehm-bn. Hcp sXm∏n-
bpsS hne F{X-bmWv?
Hcp sXm∏n-bpsS hne IW-°m-°m≥ F¥v sNøWw?
693 cq]sb 11 Xpey-`m-K-ß-fmbn `mKn-°-Ww.

40
 KWnXw

AXm-b-Xv 693 s\ 11 sIm≠v lcn-°-Ww.

ChnsS 693 cq]sb 6 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-I-fmbpw 9 ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-I-fmbpw 3 Hcpcq]
\mW-bß-fmbpw FSp°mw.
6 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-Isf 11 `mK-ß-fm°p∂-sX-ßs\? CXv Ign-bm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Ahsb
]Øp cq]m- t\m-´p-I-fm°n am‰mw.
6 \qdpcq]m- t\m´v = ............. ]Øpcq]m- t\m´v.

Nm{In-I-l-cWw
-Nn{Xw t\m°q.
\qdv ]Øv H∂v
285
11 6
6×1
00 = 9 3 857 714
60 ×
10 142
60 3
1 2
69
714285

428571
Ct∏mƒ ]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-I-fpsS BsI FÆw = 142857
..............

69 ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-Isf 11 `mK-ß-fm-°n-bm¬,

857
Hcp `mKw F{X-bm-Wv? 428 142
571
_m°nhcp∂ ]Øp-cq-]m- t\m´p-Iƒ
142857 s\ 1 sIm≠p KpWn-®m¬
Cu ]Øp-cq-]m- t\m-´p-Isf Hcp cq]m \mW-b-ß-
AXp-Xs∂ In´pw.
fm-°n-bm¬, Hcp cq]m \mW-b-ß-fpsS FÆw
2 sIm≠v KpWn-®mtem? 285714.
6 CXv BZysØ kwJy- b p- a mbn
HØp-t\m-°q. C\n Nn{X-Øn-se
\qdv ]Øv H∂v
]pdw-h-f-b-Ønse Hmtcm kwJy-
11 6 6 × 100 = 60 × 9 3 bpw In´m≥ 142857 s\ F¥p-
1
0 sIm≠p KpWn-°-W-sa∂v I≠p-
60
]nSn°p-I.
69 3
11 × 6 = 66 66
3×1
3 0 =3 3
0
30

41
 KWnXw

BsI Hcp cq]m \mW-b-ß-fpsS FÆw

6 3
\qdv ]Øv H∂v
11 6 9 3
60
]qPy-Øns‚ Ifn
69 3
Intem{Kmw, Izn‚¬, S¨ 11  6 = 66 66
F∂nh Xq°-Øns‚
3 3
GI-I-ß-fm-Wv.
30
100 Intem{Kmw = 1 Izn‚¬
33
1000 Intem{Kmw = 1 S¨
11  3 = 33 33
F{X Izn‚¬ BWv Hcp S¨?
AXm-b-Xv, 1000  100 = 10 33 cq]sb 11 `mK-ß-fm-°n-bm¬ Hcp `mKw
1 S¨ = 10 Izn‚¬
an√nKmw, {Kmw F∂nh At∏mƒ Hcp sXm∏n-bpsS hne
Xq°-Øns‚ a‰p = 6 ]Øp cq] + 3 Hcp cq]
c≠v GI-I-ß-fm-Wv. = 63 cq]
1 {Kmw = 1000 an√n{Kmw Cu {InbIsf H∂p-IqSn Npcp°n Fgp-Xmw:
At∏mƒ 5000 an√n{Kmw
F∂Xv F{X {Kmw BWv? 63
5000  1000 = 5 11 693
11  6 = 66 66
5000 an√n{Kmw = 5 {Kmw
CXp-t]mse NphsS 33
X∂n-cn-°p-∂h 11  3 = 33 33
sNbvXpt\m°q.
AXm-bXv 693 11 = 63
3000  1000
Hcp sXm∏n-bpsS hne = 63 cq]
5200  100
20300  100
kvtImf¿jn∏v hnX-cWw
15000  100
$ hnhn[ kvtImf¿jn-∏p-Iƒ°mbn kvIqfnse 15
Ip´n-Iƒ°v Xpey-ambn hnX-cWw sNøm≥ 16425
cq] kvIqƒ Hm^o-kn¬ FØn-bn-´p-≠v. Hmtcm-
cp-Ø¿°pw F{X cq]- ho-X-amWv hnX-cWw
sNtø-≠Xv?

42
 KWnXw

ChnsS 16425 cq]-bn¬ 16 Bbncwcq]m -t\m-´p-Ifpw 4 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-Ifpw 2 ]Øpcq]m-

t\m-´p-Ifpw 5 Hcpcq]m- \mW-b-ß-fp-amWv D≈-sX∂v Icp-Xp-I.
BZyw 16 Bbncwcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ 15 t]¿°v Xpey-ambn hoXn-°mw.
Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw e`n-°p∂ Bbncwcq]m- t\m-´p-Iƒ
_m°n hcp∂ Bbncwcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ
1
{Kmapw ]h\pw
Bbncw \qdv ]Øv H∂v tem´-dn-bn¬ H∂mw- k-Ωm\w
t\Sp-∂-h¿°v Hcp Intem{Kmw
15 16 4 2 5
kz¿Ww kΩm-\-ambn \¬-
15
Ip∂p F∂v ]c- k y- Ø n¬
1 4 2 5 I≠-t∏m-ƒ A\p-hn\v kwi-
bw ˛ kz¿W-Øns‚ Xq°w
_m°nh∂ Bbncwcq]m t\m´ns\ \qdpcq]m -t\m-´p-I-fm- Intem-{Km-an¬ ]dbm-dn-√-t√m.
AΩ-bpsS amebv°v 2 ]h≥
°n-bm¬,
Xq°w Ds≠∂v tN®n-tbmSv
Hcp Bbncwcq]m- t\m-´v = .......... \qdpcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xp tI´n-´p-≠v.
BZy-ap≈ 4 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-I-f-S°w BsI \qdpcq]m- F¥mWv ]h-\pw {Kmapw XΩn-
ep≈ _‘w?
t\m´p-I-fpsS FÆw = Hcp ]h≥ F- ∂ - X v 8 {Kmw
1 kz¿W-am-Wv.
1 Intem{Kmsa∂m¬ 1000
Bbncw \qdv ]Øv H∂v {Kmw.
At∏mƒ Hcp Intem{Kmw
15 16 4 2 5 kz¿W- s a- ∂ m¬ F{X ]h-
15 \mWv?
1  1000 = 10
1
4 2 5
 100
10
14 2 5

14 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-Isf 15 t]¿°v `mKn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. AXmb-

Xv, \qdpcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ B¿°pw In´n-√. Cu 14 \qdpcq]m -
t\m´p-I-sf, ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-I-fm°n am‰mw.
14 \qdpcq]m- t\m-´p-Iƒ = ...... ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ.
t\ctØ- b p≈ 2 ]Øpcq]m- t\m- ´ p- I ƒ AS°w BsI
]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-I-fpsS FÆw

43
 KWnXw

142 ]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-Isf 15 t]¿°p hoXn-®m¬ Hcmƒ°v F{X ]Øpcq]m -t\m-´p-Iƒ

In´pw? 1 0 9

Bbncw \qdv ]Øv H∂v

15 16 4 2 5
15

1 1 × 1000 = 10 4 2 5
× 100
10
14 14 × 100 = 1 2 5
40 ×
10
15 × 0 = 0 0 140
142 5
15 × 9 = 135 135 4

tN¿∂p\n∂m¬ 7 5

Hcp aq∂°-kwJybn¬\n∂p XpS-

ßmw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn 415. Cu
kwJy- t bmSp tN¿Øv ho≠pw
_m°n-bp≈ ]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-Iƒ =
CtX aq∂-°-kwJy Fgp-XWw.
AXm-bXv 415415 Cu ]Øpcq]m- t\m-´p-Isf Hcpcq]m -\mW-bß-
Cu Bd-°-kw-Jysb 7 sIm≠v
fm- ° n- b m¬ F{X Hcpcq]m - \ m- W - b - ß ƒ
lcn-°pI. lc-W-^ew F¥mWv?
C\n Cu lc- W - ^ - e sØ 11 D≠mhpw?
sIm≠v lcn°pI. lc- W - ^ ew
F¥mWv? BZy-ap≈ 5, Hcp-cq-]m- \m-W-b-ßfpw
Ah- k m- \ - a mbn Cu lc- W - tN¿Øm¬ BsI Hcpcq]m -\m-W-b-ß-fpsS
^esØ 13 sIm≠v lcn°pI.
F¥p In´n? FÆw =
thsdbpw kwJy- I ƒ FSpØv 75 Hcpcq]m- \m-W-b-ßsf 15 t]¿°v hoXn-
sNbvXp-t\m-°q.
F¥m-Wn-Xn\p ImcWw? ®m¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw F{X \mW-b-߃
7 × 11 × 13 F{XbmsW∂p t\m°q. In´pw?
GsX-¶n-ep-samcp aq∂-°k
- w-Jysb
1001 sIm≠v KpWn®pt\m°q.

44
 KWnXw

Cu sNbvXX{Xbpw Npcp°n Cßs\ Fgp-Xmw:

1 0 9

Bbncw \qdv ]Øv H∂v

15 16 4 2 5
15 × 1 = 15 15
11000 = 10 4 2 5
× 10 0
10
14 14 × 100 2 5
= 140 ×
10
15 × 0 = 0 0 140
142 5
15 × 9 = 135 135
7 7 × 10 = 70 5
70
75
15 × 5 = 75 75

Ie-≠¿ IW°v
CXns\ H∂p-IqSn Npcp°n Cßs\ Fgp-Xmw: Ie-≠-dn¬ 16 kwJy-I-fp≈ ka-N-Xpcw
hc®v AXnse kwJy-I-fpsS XpIsb 16
1095 sIm≠v lcn®pt\m°q.
15 16425
15 × 1 = 15 15 5 6 7 8
14
15 × 0 = 0 0 12 13 14 15
142
15 × 9 = 135 135
75 19 20 21 22
15 × 5 = 75 75

26 27 28 29
AXm-bXv 16425 ÷ 15 = 1095
$ CXpt]mse 2460 cq] 12 t]¿°v hoXn- thsdbpw ka-NXpc-߃ hc®v sNbvXp
t\m°q. XpIsb 16 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬
®m¬ Hcmƒ°v F{X cq] In´pw?
In´p∂ kwJy-°v, BZy-I-f-Ønse kwJy-
bp-ambn F¥p _‘-am-Wp-≈Xv?

45
 KWnXw

an®w h∂m¬
175 cq] 7 t]¿°v Xpey-ambn `mKn-®m¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw F{X cq] hoXw In´pw?
25
ka-N-Xpc°W°v 7 175
CXp Is≠-Øm≥ 175 s\
7  2 = 14 14
Hcp ka-N-Xpcw hc®v 7 sIm≠v lcn®v t\m°-
kwJy-Iƒ FgpXnbXv t\m°q. Ww. 35
7  5 = 35 35
1 2 3 4 5 Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw 25 cq] -hoXw In´pw.
180 cq]-bmWv 7 t]¿°v hoXn-°p-∂-sX-¶ntem?
11 12 13 14 15
175 cq]-sb-°mƒ 5 cq] IqSp-X-emWv 180 ¬. 175 cq]
21 22 23 24 25 7 t]¿°v hoXn-®m¬ Hcmƒ°v 25 cq] hoXw In´pw.
an®w hcp∂ 5 Hcp cq]sb 7 t]¿°v `mKn-°m≥ Ign-
31 32 33 34 35 bn-√. AXm-bXv, 180 cq] 7 t]¿°v hoXn-®m¬ Hcmƒ°v
25 cq]- hoXw In´pw, 5 cq] an®w hcpw.
41 42 43 44 45
25 IW- ° ns‚ `mj- b n¬∏- d -
hcn-bn-sebpw \nc-bn-sebpw kwJy-Iƒ 7 180 ™m¬, 180 s\ 7 sIm≠v
XΩn-ep≈ _‘w ]nSn-In-´ntbm? 7  2 = 14 14 lcn- ® m¬, lc- W - ^ ew
Cu kwJy-I-fpsS XpIsb (Quotient) 25, injvSw
40
25 sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ In´p∂ (Remainder) 5. CXv Cßs\
7  5 = 35 35
kwJy°v ka-N-Xp-c-Øns‚ Npcp°n Fgp-Xmw.
5
a[y-Ønse kwJy-bp-ambn t\ctØ 175 = 7  25 F∂p I≠p.
F¥mWp _‘w?
Ct∏mƒ 180 = 175 + 5 = (7  25) + 5 F∂pw ImWmw.
AXm-bXv lcn-°p∂ kwJy-sIm≠v lc-W-^-esØ KpWn®v injvShpw Iq´n-bm¬ lcn-
°-s∏-Sp∂ kwJy- In-´pw.
lcn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kwJy = lcn-°p∂ kwJy  lc-W-^ew + injvSw

1 .... 6 2....9
12 1 7 5 2 14 2926
$ Nne lc-W-{In-b-Iƒ sImSp- .... ....
Øn- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Fgp- X mØ ....... ....
A°-߃ Iq´n-t®¿°pI. 4 8 ....
....... ....
....... ....
0 0

46
 KWnXw

$ NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]´n-I-bn¬ Fgp-XmØ kwJy-Iƒ I≠p-]n-Sn®v Fgp-Xp-I.

kwJy lcn-°p∂ lcW injvSw injvS-sa-∂m¬

kwJy ^ew 20 en‰¿ ]m¬, 3 en-‰¿ hoXw F{X-
t]¿°v sImSp°mw? _m°n F{X
56 8 7 0 en‰¿ D≠mhpw? 6 t]¿°v sImSp-
°mw. _m°n 2 en‰¿ D≠mhpw.
369 3 ....... .......
AXm-bXv, 20 = (3  6) + 2
486 4 ....... .......
sImSp°p-∂Xv 6 en‰¿ hoX-am-sW-
448 ....... 7 ....... ¶ntem? At∏mƒ 3 t]¿°v In´pw.
At∏mgpw _m°n hcp-∂Xv 2 en‰¿
948 12 ....... ....... Xs∂.
....... 16 23 8 sImSp°p-∂Xv 7 en‰¿ hoX-am-sW-
¶n-tem? At∏mƒ _m°n hcp-∂Xv
4736 15 ....... .......
6 en‰¿ BIpw.
....... 35 48 0 AXm-b-Xv, 20 = (7  2) + 6. _m°n
....... 62 74 13 hcp∂ ]mens‚ Afhv \n›-bn-°p-
∂Xv F{X en‰¿ hoXw sImSp-
8365 23 ....... ....... °p∂p F∂p t\m°n-bn-´m-Wv.
527 ....... 20 7 kwJy-Iƒam{Xw D]-tbm-Kn®v ]d-
™m¬, Hcp kwJysb as‰mcp
$ kvIqƒ tÃmdn-te°v 1825 t\m´v]pkvXIßfmWv kwJy-sIm≠v lcn-®m¬ In-´p∂
hmtß-≠-Xv. 25 ]pkvX-I-߃ hoX-ap≈ F{X injvSw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv lcn-
sI´p-Iƒ hmßWw? °p∂ kwJysb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-
bmWv. AXm- b - X v, injvSw
$ KWn-X-im-kv{X-ta-f-bn¬ hnP-bn-I-fm-b-Xns‚
Ft∏mgpw lcn-°p∂ kwJytb-
kt¥mjw ]¶n-Sm≥ kvIqfnse 768 Ip´n-Iƒ°pw °mƒ sNdp-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.
eUp \¬Im≥ Xocp- a m- \ n- ® p. 1 Intem{Kmw
eUphn¬ 24 FÆw D≠mIpw. F{X Intem{Kmw
eUp hmßWw?
$ A_p Hmtcm BgvN-bn-epw, sNehp Ign®v an®w
hcp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v 35 cq] -hoXw _m¶n¬ \nt£-
]n-°pw. Ct∏mƒ Abm-fpsS A°u-≠n¬ 1505
cq] D≠v. F{X-bm-gvNsØ kºm-Zy-am-WnXv?
$ Hcp ]©m-bØ- ns‚ Iogn-ep≈ 14 kvIqfp-If
- nse
sse{_dn\ho-I-c-W-Øn\p th≠n 325500 cq]
\o°n-sh-®p. Cu XpI F√m kvIqfn\pw Xpey-
ambn hoXn®m¬ Hmtcm kvIqfn\pw F{X XpI
hoXw In´pw?

47
 KWnXw

$ Hcp HmUn-t‰m-dn-bØ
- n¬ 864 Itk-cI - ƒ 24 hcn-
I-fn-embn \nc-Øn-bn-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm hcn-
bnepw IqSp-X¬ Itk-c-Iƒ CSmsX HmUn-
t‰m-dn-b-Øn¬ 1260 Itk-c-Iƒ IqSn CS-W-w.
C\n F{X hcn-Iƒ IqSn th≠n-hcpw?
$ Hcp A[n-h¿j-Øn¬ F{X BgvN-Iƒ D≠v?
_m°n F{X Znh-k-߃ D≠v?
$ Hcp \me-°k - w-Jysb 13 2 7
sIm≠v lcn-°p∂ {In-b- 13 3 7
bnse Nne A°- 2 6
߃am{Xw ChnsS
8
ImWn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬
Fgp- X mØ A°- ß ƒ
I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I.

5
$ tXmakv hmßnb Nne km[-\-ß-fpsS _n√mWv NphsS \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
C\w Xq°w (In.{Kmw.) hne (cq])
Acn 15 480

lcn®p t\m°msX ]©-kmc 4 136

366, 425, 499 F∂o sNdp-]-b¿ 5 360
kwJy-Isf 15 sIm≠v
ISe 6 276
lcn-°ptºmƒ In´p∂
injvS-߃ F{X-bm-Wv? BsI 1252
kwJy-I-fpsS XpIsb
15 sIm≠v \nt»jw lcn- CtX IS-bn¬\n∂v IÆ≥ hmßn-b-Xns‚ IW°v Cß-s\-bm-
°m≥ Ign-bptam? lcn®p Wv:
t\m°msX Fßs\
Acn - 12 In.{Kmw.
I≠p-]n-Sn-°pw?
]©-kmc - 3 In.{Kmw.
sNdp-]-b¿ - 2 In.{Kmw.
ISe - 5 In.{Kmw.
IÆ≥ F{X cq] sImSp-°Ww?

48
 KWnXw

1    !2 3   2

 
)
    /$  /4 2  /0,562 
3   2 ! &
1 . /78+ 9!  2
    
  
     

    3 78+   ) :  ! :&;3'

< 3=& ">?@/'< 3
    3 78+   ) : A  ! :&;3
'< 3=& ">?@/'< 3
 B 3*+ C7  78+ D  &
  B 3 3, 78+D&
 !78+D 3, 78+&

t{]mPIvSv

CjvS-apÅ F«p- kw-Jy-IÄ Fgp-Xn, Ch-bnse GXv c­p kwJy-IÄ X½n-epÅ hyXym-
k-hpw Is­¯nt\m¡q. Ch-bn GsX-¦nepw Hcp hyXymks¯  sIm­v \ntÈjw
lcn-¡m³ Ignbptam? sNbvXp-t\m-¡q.
F´m-bn-cn¡pw CXn\p ImcWw?
Hcp kwJysb  sIm­v lcn-¡p-t¼mÄ injvSambn hcm-hp¶ kwJy-IÄ GsXm-s¡-bmWv?
, , , , , , þ Ch Gsg-®-am-Wp-ÅXv.
At¸mÄ F«v kwJy-Isf  sIm­v lcn-¡p-t¼mÄ c­p injvS-§-sf-¦nepw XoÀ¨-bmbpw
Xpey-am-bn-cn¡pw. At¸mÄ B c­p kwJy-IÄ X½n-epÅ hyXym-ks¯  sIm­v lc-n-
¡p-t¼mÄ injvSw ]qPy-am-bn-cn¡pw.
DZm:- ,  F¶o kwJy-Isf  sIm­v lcn-¡p-t¼mÄ injvSw  In«p-¶p.
Cu kwJy-I-fpsS hyXym-ks¯ sIm­v lcn-¡p-t¼mtgm?
CXp-t]mse GsX-¦nepw   kwJy-IÄ FgpXn c­p kwJy-IÄ X½n-epÅ
hyXymks¯  sIm­v \ntÈjw lcn-¡mtam F¶p ]cn-tim-[n-¨p-t\m-¡q.
kwJy-I-fpsS F®w amän {]hÀ¯\w XpSÀ¶v sNbvXp-t\m-¡q.

49
 KWnXw

Xncn™p--t\m-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°v So®-dpsS C\nbpw

]T-\-t\-´-߃ Ignbpw klm-b-tØmsS sa®-s∏-tS
Ignbpw -≠-Xp≠v
$ Iq´-am-°¬, `mKw hbv°¬ F∂o
kμ¿`-߃ lc-W{- In-bb - m-sW∂v
hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
$ Zo¿L-lc
- W
- {- Inbm coXn-bn¬ lcn-
°p∂ coXn hnh-cn-°p-∂p.
$ lc-W-Øn-\p≈ hyXy-kvX -am¿K-
߃ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂p, kz¥w
am¿Kw Is≠-Øp-∂p.
$ lc-W-{In-b-Iƒ a\°W-°mbn
sNøm≥ Ign-bp-∂p.
$ lcn-°-s∏-Sp∂ kwJy-bpw lcn-
°p∂ kwJy-bpw lc-W-^-ehpw
injvShpw XΩn¬ _‘-s∏-SpØn
]d-bp-∂p.
$ NXp- j v{In- b - I ƒ Dƒs∏- S p∂
{]mtbm-KnI{]iv\-߃ ]cn-l-cn-
°p-∂p.
$ {]iv\-]-cn-l-c-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb
hnh-c-߃ tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw -tbm-
Pn® {Inbm-cq-]-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v
{]iv\-]-cn-l-cWw \S-Øp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.

50
KWnXw

4
hrØ߃

51
 KWnXw

dknb Nne PymanXo-bcq]-߃ hc-bv°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

Xbm-sd-Sp-∏n-em-Wv.

N{Ihpw hrØhpw
$ Aøm-bncw h¿jw apºv Xs∂
a\pjy¿ hne-ßs\ Xncn-bp∂
N{I- a p- ] - t bm- K n®v a¨]m- { X- dknb Ct∏mƒ hc-bv°p∂Xv F¥p cq]-am-Wv?
߃ D≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂p.
hf, •mkv apX-embh D]-tbm-Kn®v \n߃°pw h´w
$ \mem-bncw s - Im-√w apºpXs∂, hcbv°m-at√m.
IpØs\ Xncn-bp∂ N{Iw D]-
tbm- K n- ° p∂ hml- \ - ß ƒ
NphsSbp≈ Nn{X߃ t\m°q.
D≠m-°n.
$ a\p- j y- ] p- t cm- K - X n- b psS Hcp
{][m\ kw`-h-amWv N{I-ß-
fpsS I≠p-]n-SnØw.

aq∂p hrØ-߃ (Circles); hep∏-Øn¬ hyXym-k-ap≠v.

Hmtcm hep-∏-Øn-epap≈ hrØw Fßs\ hc-bv°pw?
B hep-∏-Øn-¬ hrØm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≈ hkvXp°ƒ In´n-
bm¬ aXnbt√m.
Ft∏mgpw CXp km[y-amtWm?

52
 KWnXw

s]´n-bnse ]cn-lmcw
^mØna Hcp Nn{Xw hc-bv°p-I-bm-Wv.

]ºcw Id-°mw...

^mØna F¥mWv hc-bv°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv? Hcp hrØw apdn-s®-SpØv

Iºn¬ tIm¿Øp-h-®m¬
h´w hc-bv°p-∂-Xn\v ^mØna D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ D]-I-
]º-c-am-bn.
cWw \ΩpsS Pyman- X n- s ∏- ´ n- b nepw D≠v . CXns\
tImºkv (compass) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.
tImºkv D]-tbm-Kn®v ^mØna hc-®X
- p-t]mse Hcp h´w
hc®pt\m°q. tImº-kns‚ hncnhv A¬∏w-Iq´n as‰mcp
h´w hc®pt\m°q. F¥p am‰-amWv kw`-hn-®X- v? hep∏w
Ipd®v IqSn, At√?
Fß-s\-bmWv hrØw hc-®-Xv? tImº-kns‚ ap\ Hcp
ÿeØv IpØp-∂p. tImºkv A¬∏w H∂v hnS¿Øn
hrØw hc-bv°p-∂p.
hrØw hc-bv°p-tºmƒ tImº-kns‚ ap\ IpØp∂
_nμp-hmWv hrØ-Øns‚ tI{μw (Centre).
NphsS hc-® Nn{Xw t\m°q. Chbn¬ \∂mbn
Id-ßp∂ ]ºcw GXmWv?
F¥p-sIm≠v?
\∂mbn Id-ßp∂ Hcp
]ºcw D≠m-°m≥ Iºv
KT-131 / 5-Maths 5 (M)Vol - 1

Fhn-sS-°qSn tIm¿°Ww?

Cu hrØ-ß-fpsS {]tXy-IX F¥mWv?

c≠n-t‚bpw tI{μw Htc _nμp- X-s∂. F∂m¬ ]pdsØ hrØw
D≈nse hrØ-tØ-°mƒ hep∏w IqSn-b-Xm-Wv.

53
 KWnXw

tImº-kns‚ hncnhv A¬∏w -Iq´n hc-®XpsIm≠m-Wt√m CØ-

c-Øn-ep≈ henb hrØw e`n-®-Xv.
CXv Cß-s\bpw ]d-bmw! -tI-{μ-Øn¬\n∂p hrØ-Øn-te-°p≈
hrØw AIew IqSn-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv -hrØw hep-Xm-b-Xv.
Pntbm-Pn-{_bn¬
AXm-b-Xv, tI{μ-Øn¬\n∂p hrØ-Øn-te-°p≈ AIew IqSp-
Pntbm-Pn-{_-bn¬ hrØw ∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v hrØ-Øns‚ hep∏w IqSp∂p.
hc-bv°m≥ e`y-amb Nne
Sqfp- I - f mWv NphsS tI{μ-Øn¬\n∂p hrØ-Øn-te-°p≈ AI-esØ
sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hrØ-Øns‚ Bcw (Radius) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.
• Circle with centre
through points. hrØw hc-bv°m≥ tImºkv A¬∏w hnS-¿Øn-b-t√m. At∏mƒ
• Circle with centre
AXns‚ ap-\bpw s]≥kn-ens‚ ap\bpw XΩn-ep≈ AI-ew -
and radius. Xs∂-bmWv hc-bv°p∂ hrØ-Øns‚ Bcw.

cw
B
cw
B

Af-∂p hcbv°mw
3 sk‚nao-‰¿ Bc-ap≈ Hcp hrØw Fßs\ hc-bv°pw?

.
.ao
k
3s

54
 KWnXw

$ Nn{X-¯nse hr¯-¯nsâ Bcw Af¶p I­p-]n-Sn¡q.

hr¯w -sIm­v
{XntImWw
2 skân-ao-äÀ \of-¯n Hcp hc
hc-bv¡p-I. A{K-_n-µp-¡Ä tI{µ-
am¡n 2 skâ n- a o- ä À Bc- a pÅ
hr¯w hc-bv¡p-I.

$ 5 skânao-äÀ Bc-apÅ Hcp hr¯w hc-bv¡p-I.

$ 3 skânao-äÀ Bc-apÅ ÿHcp hr¯w hc-bv¡p-
I. tI{µ-¯n \n¶p 5 skânao-äÀ AI-se-bpÅ 2 sk.ao.
_nµp Cu hr¯-¯n-\I
- ¯
- m-tWm, ]pd-¯mtWm?
$ NphsS sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-¡p¶ Nn{X-¯n-epÅ FÃm
hr¯-§fpsSbpw Bcw XpeyamWv.
C\n NphsS ImWn- ¨ n- c n- ¡ p- ¶ - X p-
t]mse Hcp {XntImWw hc-bv¡q.

2 sk.ao.

{XntIm-W-¯nsâ aäp c­p-h-i-§-

fpsS \ofw F{X-bmWv?
hr¯§fpsS Bcw 3 skânao-ä-dm-¡n Cu Nn{Xw
t\m«v]pkvXI¯n hc-bv¡p-I.

$ Htc _nµpXs¶ tI{µ-am¡n 3 skân-ao-ä-À,

4 skânao-äÀ, 5 skânao-äÀ Bc-apÅ hr¯-§Ä
hc-bv¡p-I.


 KWnXw

hymkw
NphsS sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ Nn{Xw t\m°q.

hrØw -sIm≠v
jUv`pPw
Htc Bc-ap≈ aq∂p
hrØ-߃ Nn{X-Ønse t]mse
hc®pt\m°q. hrØ-tI{μhpw
hrØ-߃ apdn-®p-I-S-°p∂
_nμp-°fpw Nn{X-Øn¬
ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse hc-Iƒ
sIm≠v tbmPn-∏n-°q.
jUv`pPw In´n-bn-t√.
Cu hrØ-Øns‚ Bcw Af-s∂-gp-Xp-I.
Bcw \o´n hc-®-Xn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ Nn{Xw t\m°q.

tI{μ-Øn¬IqSn hc® hc-bpsS \ofw F{X-bmWv?

CtX \of-Øn¬ thsd h-c-Iƒ Cu hrØ-Øn\p≈n¬
hc-bv°mtam?
CØ-c-Øn¬ F{X hc-Iƒ hc-bv°mw?
CXnt\- ° mƒ \of- a p≈ Hcp hc hrØ- Ø n- \ p- ≈ n¬
hc-bv°m≥ Ign-bptam?
At∏mƒ hrØ-Øns‚ tI{μ-Øn¬IqSn IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ hc-
bv°mWv G‰hpw \ofw IqSp-X¬. Cu hcsb hrØ-Øns‚
hymkw (Diameter) F∂mWp ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

56
 KWnXw
-#$/ " )!( #$-  8 
) # #-.$   5- +, 
# )# 5- 2 #-. 0#$
&9-7   4-.$
5- = 2 × 
5-
 
 *'# ( /
5-    0 % & '(
  )*+ , 3
5- :
a

ka-`m-K-§Ä b
c

hr¯w hc¨v AXnsâ Hcp hymkw hc-bv¡pI.

$*  -) -, 
)#   
-) "  4    0 
  3 
&  % 

a
c b

Cu hymk-¯n\v Ip¯-s\-bmbn asämcp hymkw hc-

bv¡mtam? a«w D]-tbm-Kn¨v hr¯-tI-{µ-¯nÂIqSn $5  " # 3
Ip¯s\ Hcp hc hc-¨m aXn-b-tÃm. 6 +, ,5 ,!
*'# ( $*
+ , ( -
157# " # 3
).2
* '    +#
%* 4 8 # ( $*
+ , % *  -
" #* ) 3).2


 KWnXw

Im¨am-\n√
hf D]-tbm-Kn®v A®p hrØw
hc-®p. hrØ-]m-t‰-¨ Xbm-dm-
°p- ∂ - X n\v hrØ- Ø ns‚
hymkw hc-bv°-Ww. ]t£,
tI{μw ImWp-∂n-√.
a´w D]-tbm-Kn®v hrØ-Øns‚
tI{μw Is≠- Ø nb am¿Kw hrØw F{X ka-`m-K-ß-fmbn amdn?
t\m°q.
hc-bpsS A{K_nμp-°ƒ tbmPn-∏n®pt\m°q.

Ct∏mƒ In´nb cq]w F¥mWv?

CXp-t]mse a‰p c≠p hymk-߃ hc-®v, Ah-bpsS A{K-
߃ tbmPn∏n®pt\m°q. F√m-bv-t∏mgpw Cß-s\Øs∂
In´ptam?
$ CXp-t]mse a´-Ønse hnhn[ aqe-Iƒ D]-tbmKn®v
hrØ-Øn¬ a‰p cq]-߃ D≠m-°nt\m°q.

$ _nμp-°ƒ tbmPn-∏n®p In´p∂ cq]-Øn\v F{X hi-߃

D≠v?

58
 KWnXw

am{¥nIhrØw
Nn{Xw t\m°q.

$ Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWp∂ a´w D]-tbm-Kn®v hrØ-

Øn¬ Xpey AI-e-ß-fn¬ F{X _nμp-°ƒ
AS-bm-f-s∏-SpØmw? Cu _nμp-°ƒ tbmPn-
∏n®p In´p∂ cq]-Øn\v F{X hi-߃ D≠v?

hrØ-Ønse Iptd _nμp-°ƒ ]c-

kv ] cw tbmPn- ∏ n- ® Xp I≠nt√?
CXp-t]mse a‰p- _n-μp-°fpw ]c-
kv]cw tbmPn-∏n-°q.

Hfn-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xmcv?
$ Cu a´w D]-tbm-Kn®v hrØ-Øn¬ Xpey
AI-eß- f
- n¬ F{X _nμp-°ƒ AS-bm-fs
- ∏-
SpØmw? Cu _nμp- ° ƒ tbmPn- ∏ n®p
In´p∂ cq]-Øn\v F{X hi-߃ D≠v?

a´-ßfpsS hnhn[ aqe-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v 24 hi-

ß-fp≈ Hcp cq]w hrØ-Øn¬ hcbv-°q. Nn{Xw hc®v \ndw sImSp-°p-I. CXn¬
Fs¥ms° cq]-ß-fp≠v?

59
 KWnXw

Xncn™p--t\m-°p-tºmƒ

F\n°v So®-dpsS C\nbpw

]T-\-t\-´-߃ Ignbpw klm-b-tØmsS sa®-s∏-tS
Ignbpw -≠-Xp≠v
$ D]-I-cW klm-b-Øm¬ IrXy-
amb Af-hn¬ hrØw hc-bv°m≥
Ign-bp-∂p.
$ hyXykv X cq]- ß ƒ Hcp- a n®p
tN¿Øv ]mt‰-Wp-Ifpw ]pXnb
Nn{X-ßfpw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-
bp∂p.
$ hrØ-Ønse Bcw, hymkw F∂o
Af-hp-If - psS ]c-k]
v c
- _
- ‘w hni-
Zo-Ic
- n-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂p.

60
 5
`mK-ßf- psS kwJy
 KWnXw

]IpXn F¶mÂ...
c­p tZmi Ign¨pIgn-ª-t¸mÄ an\n ]d-ªp: ""C\n Hcp apgp-h³ tZmi th­-t½,
Ac tZmi aXn''.
Ac tZmi-sb-¶m Hcp tZmi-bpsS ]Ip-Xn, AtÃ?
Cu Nn{Xw t\m¡q.

h«-¯nsâ ]IpXn \ndw sImSp-¯n-«p-­v. AXm-b-Xv, \ndw sImSp-¯Xv ]Ip-Xn- h-«w.

Cu Nn{X-¯ntem?

]IpXn hc \oe, ]IpXn hc Nph-¸v.

hc-bpsS \ofw Hcp aoädm-sW-¦ntem?
Hcp aoä-dnsâ ]IpXn \ofs¯ AcaoäÀ F¶p ]d-bmw. At¸mÄ AcaoäÀ \oe,
Ac aoäÀ Nph-¸v.
Hcp enäÀ ]m c­p Ip«n-IÄ¡v Htc Af-hn sImSp-¯p. HcmÄ¡v F{X In«n?
Hcp enä-dnsâ ]Ip-Xn, AXm-bXv AcenäÀ.
c­p Xpey-`m-K-am-¡n-b-Xn H¶mWv ]IpXn, AsÃ-¦n Ac. IW-¡n CsX-gp-
Xp-¶Xv 1
F¶mWv; ""Ac'' Ft¶m ""c­n H¶v'' Ft¶m Bhiyw t]mse hmbn-
2
¡mw.
At¸mÄ
$ an\n¡p th­Xv tZmi-bpsS 1
`mKw.
2
$ h«-¯n \ndw sImSp-¯-Xv, 1 1
2 2
AXnsâ 1 `mKw.
2


 KWnXw

? 135 !0   1 358 `n¶-§Ä `mc-X-¯nÂ

_n.kn. 500-Â FgpXn F¶v Icp-X-s¸-Sp¶ kpÂ_-
2

? 12 5 !0   1 2 58 kq-{X-§-fn `n¶-§Ä D]-tbm-Kn¨v {]iv\-§Ä¡v

2
]cn-lmcw I­-Xmbn ImWp-¶p-­v. CuPn-]vänÂ
() *+,- GXm­v _n.kn. 3000 apX Xs¶ `n¶-§Ä
D]tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-s¶-¦nepw Awiw 1 Bb `n¶-§Ä
am{X-amWv ssIImcyw sNbvXn-cp-¶Xv. `mc-X-¯nÂ
FÃm-Xcw `n¶-§fpw D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶p. `n¶-§f- psS
D]-tbm-Khpw {Inb-Ifpw DÄs¸-Sp¶ {]iv\-§Ä
{]mNo-\-`m-c-X-¯nse {]kn² KWn-X-Ir-Xn-I-fn-
seÃmw ImWp-¶p-­v.
{_Ò-Kp-]vXsâ {_Ò-kv^pS kn²m-´-¯nepw alm-
ho-csâ KWn-X-km-c-kw-{K-l-¯nepw Cu Imcyw
 +! %/ ,#1./ !0 1 hyà-am-¡p-¶p-­v.
12þmw \qäm-­n Pohn-¨n-cp¶ `mkvI-cm-Nmcy (c­m-
2
;<6'
!&#19@! 61' a³)cpsS eoem-h-Xn-bn \nc-h[n KWn-X-{]-iv\-§-
( ) *A ,-    B)
fn `n¶-kw-Jy-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-­v.
/ !0 1 ;<+  3 4 $%"4!%/ " .1
2

1
2
1 1
2 2
1
2

 "!7 2+ 3 " $1 ;<A4,'>2) ,-

2
  

.+C"< 1 D// $  2/ $> / 4 %&


 KWnXw

" $# % . / *+ *E" "F  2'

 ! "# 

_n.kn. 3200 apXÂXs¶ CuPn-]vXn `n¶-§sf
{]tXyI en]n-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn¨v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-¶p.
Awiw 1 Bb `n¶I§fmWv ChÀ s]mXpsh
8G1H8G $  1  !
D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xv ; IqSmsX 23 Dw Dw 3
%/   I ,-= 9& ;<
D]tbmKn¨ncp¶Xmbn ImWmw.
4
A4+2:6'

Cu k{¼Zm-b-¯n s\ F¶mWp

1    ;<+ D/
/ !0-# !2#;<!6#
kqNn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
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78
 KWnXw

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