2A31-2 The 4th IEEE Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy

ICPERE 2018

Coordination of Electricity Protection System in

Samarinda Airport
Margo Pujiantara
Electrical Engineering Department
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya, Indonesia
margo@ee.its.ac.id
Vincentius Raki Mahindara
Electrical Engineering Department
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya, Indonesia
rakimahindhara@gmail.com
Talitha Puspita Sari
Electrical Engineering Department
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Surabaya, Indonesia
talithapuspita@gmail.com

Abstract— The airport powersystem has the same elements as the such as transformers or capacitors [4]. Relay is a protection
Indonesia Electricity Company (PLN) system, which is consists of component that works by monitoring the current and voltage
generation, transmission and distribution. The main power level of system to detect any interference. The two types of
source not only supplied by PLN, but also can be obtained from relays used in this final project, Over Current Relay (OCR) and
the generator set. High reliability of power systems is needed to Ground Fault Relay (GFR), were sensitive to over current, and
supply vital equipment and essential facilities, such as runway will work if the current flowing (If) exceeds the current value
lights, telecommunication system in control tower, data of the setting (Iset) [5].
processing computer, radar navigation system and other
facilities. To be able to provide reliable service, the power system II. PROTECTION SYSTEM
must remain intact and able to overcome various kinds of faults
that may occur. Therefore, the coordination of the protection A. Disturbance Source In Electric Power System
system has important role in maintaining the continuity and In a three phase electrical power system, there is
reliability of the power system. In this study, overcurrent relay interference that may cause overcurrent, such as overload, short
and ground fault relay were used. The result was revealed by circuit, and overvoltage disturbances [2].
graphical images in the form of a current-time curve. This study
suggested the coordination arrangement of over current relay at B. Adjustment of Phase Disturbance Excess Current Relay
Samarinda Airport to estabalish more reliable current relay Current adjustment for excess currents has current
coordination.
magnitudes limits. The overcurrent setting limit define as the
Keywords- Ground Fault, Phase Fault, Relay coordination relay should avoid to work at maximum load. The current
specified setting must be greater than the maximum load
I. INTRODUCTION current.
At the airport electrical system, a high reliability is required
to supply vital equipment, such as telecommunications systems
in control towers, on-run lights and data processing computers.
In order to obtain continuity of good power distribution, a
power system must be designed in such a way as to have a high
degree of reliability. One way is to design good coordination of
protection. The protection system is designed to detect
interference and minimize the affected area [1].
Interference is defined as a physical condition caused by a
device, component or an element failure to work in accordance
with its function [2]. The term interference is identical with
short circuit. Short circuit failure may cause damage to the
equipment and interrupt the continuity of power services [3].
Based on the impact, the disturbance may consist of temporary
and permanent disruption. Temporary disturbance can occur Figure 1. Limit of current setting accuracy based on BS 142-1983
due to flashover lightning. Most temporary disturbances can be
secured with circuit breakers or other safeguards, and the Based on Figure 1, the adjustment limit should consider
system can still run after interruption has been disconnected. about error pick up, according to the British BS
While permanent disturbance is a disturbance that can cause
permanent damage to the system. Such as the failure of the 142-1983 standby limit between 1.05 - 1.3 Iset. According
insulator, damage to the carrier as well as damage to equipment to it, this final project used constant of 1.05 Iset. It can be seen
as follows :
2A31-2 The 4th IEEE Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy
ICPERE 2018

Iset≥ 1.05 x Inominal (1) regions namely the low-voltage side (LV) and high-voltage
side (HV) [8]. Figure 3 shows the illustration of two bus
I set divide by transformator.
Is = (2)
rasio_ct
Where : Waktu (detik) Time (second)

Is = current setting
Selection of tap used = Is / In
Actual current setting Iset = tap x In x CT
Search for the nearest value below the result.
In excess relay settings, the limit maximum setting is need
to be considered for security reasons and back up to the t = 80 milidetik T = 80 milisecond

downstream. The setting estimation was set following this If besar

If Large Current
Arus (Ampere)
equation : (Ampere)

I set ≤ 0.8 I sc 2, min (3) Figure 2. Characteristic of instant excess current relay

Isc2,min is a two-phase short circuit with minimum generation Bus A (HV)

occurring at the end of the next section in channel. The
magnitude of this current is obtained from the three phase short Isc.min A

current circuit at the minimum generation multiplied by 0.866.

Referring to the concept that mention before, the current setting
requirements can be formulated as follows:

1,05 Imaks<I set ≤ 0,8 I sc 2, min (4) Isc.max B

C. Adjustment of Phase Disturbance Excess Current Relay
Release time is determined by dial time setting.
Determining of dial time of excess current relay in each curve
inverse can be used the follow equation :
td =
Bus B (LV)
Figure 3. Safety of Transformator for excess current relay
The terms of instant pickup setting on the coordination type
must fulfill the following conditions [7]:
(5) Isc max bus B ≤ Iset ≤ 0.8 Isc min bus, A (7)

Iscmax busB is a three phase maximum short circuit at point B,

Which are : while 0.8 Iscmin busA, is the minimum short-circuit current at
t = operation time (second) point A.
Td = dial time
I = current (Ampere) E. Coordination of Time Current Relay
Iset = pickup current(Ampere) The arrangement of safety relay in an electrical system
k = invers coefficient 1 (available in Table 1) comprises the main safeguard and back-up safeguard. Between
α = invers coefficient 2 (available in Table 1) main safeguard and back-up safeguard release must be
β = invers coefficient 3 (available in Table 1) coordinated so the releases do not work simultaneously, the
time delay is required. Work time minimum between main and
TABLE I. INVERSE COEFFICIENT OF DIAL TIME backup relay releases is 0.2 - 0.35 seconds.
Coefficient Opening time of CB : 0.04 – 0.1 s (2-5 cycle)
Type of curve
K α Relay overtravel : 0.1 s
Standard / normal Inverse 0.14 0.02 Safety factor : 0.12-0.22 s
Very Inverse 13.50 1.00
Extremely Inverse 80.00 2.00 For relay based on Microprocessor, overtravel time of relay is
ignored, the total time required is 0.2-0.4s [5].
D. Instant Time of Excess Current Relay F. Ground Fault Relay
The working principle of this relay is without present of delay Ground fault relay is an excess current safety release that
time, but still has fast working time obtained about 0.1 seconds, equipped with zero sequence current filter. It is used to secure
generally less than 0.08 seconds [6], can be seen in Figure 2. single phase and two phase fault to the ground. It is used on a
system that limits the ground current disturbance.The example
The feeder was separated by the transformer for is a neutral grounding system with a grounding resistance
safety reason, the security coordination was divided into two where low impedance can reduce the current disturbance to the
2A31-2 The 4th IEEE Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy
ICPERE 2018

ground. In the ground fault relay, the range used is 20% - 80% 1. Typical 1
of the current ratting or even lower, 10% - 40% [7], other
references use 10% - 50% [3]. This beam release will be Coordination of phase excess current protection using 3
activated if the remaining current Ires = Ia+Ib+Ic that flows up relays i.e CB1, CB7 and LVCB 8. Starting from Grid PLN_1,
exceeds the treshold setting [5] [7]. main panel bus to PTR 1 bus.

Symmetry : Ir = Ia+Ib+Ic = 0 (8) 2. Typical 2

Coordination of phase excess current protection using 10
Asymmetry : Ir = Ia+Ib+Ic = 3Iao (9)
relays i.e CB2, CB9, CB11, CB12, CB13, CB15, CB16 ,
LVCB10, LVCB14 and LVCB16. Typical 2A started from
Grid PLN_2, passed the P. UTAMA bus, chiller room and
III. RESEARCH METHOD ended at chiller_1_2. Typical 2B followed by Grid PLN_2,
Electricity system of Samarinda Airport was supplied by two passed P. UTAMA bus, chiller room then went to SST3
150 kV power plants from PLN to the main Panel as the main runway 2A and ended at RUNWAY 1A. Typical 2C started
electricity source to supply the entire Airport system and used from Grid PLN_2, passed the P. UTAMA bus, chiller room,
two generators with capacity of 1360 kW each as backup SST3 runway to SST4 runway and ended at RUNWAY_2A.
source. The electrical system at Samarinda Airport was 3. Typical 3
completed with some equipments such as transformers, relays
and circuit breakers that were used for each load in certain Coordination of phase excess current protection using 10
categories. The distribution system used 20 kV medium relays i.e CB2, CB18, CB 20, CB22, CB23, CB24, C26,
voltages. This medium voltage then decreased into a low LVCB19, LVCB21 and LVCB25. Typical 3A started from
voltage of 0.38 kV using step down transformer Grid PLN_2, passed P. UTAMA bus, SST5 FUEL FARM
GENSET 1 GENSET 2
OFFICE and ended in FUEL OFFICE 1. Continued by Typical
PLN 1 PLN 2
G G 2B which also started from Grid PLN_2, passed P. UTAMA
Bus, SST5 FUEL FARM then went to SST7 STAFF
T1 T2 T3 T4 HOUSING and Tipped on HOUSING_1. Typical 2C started
from Grid PLN_2, passed P. UTAMA bus, SST5 FUEL
FARM, SST7 STAFF HOUSING to Transmitter Station and
ended in Transmitter 1.
4. Typical 4
T5

A typical 4 coordination of protection for generators 1 and

2, consisting of 4 relays, i.e relay 3, relay 4, LVCB3 and
PTR 1
T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 LVCB4. Started from the generator and ended on the P.
UTAMA bus.

RUNWAY_1A RUNWAY_2A TRANSMITTE R 1 HOUSING 1 FUEL OFFICE

C. Coordination of Phase Relay Excess Current Typical 2
Coordination for protection on the typical 2 was divided
into 3 parts due to made analysis step less easier. Figure 4
Figure 4. Single line diagram of Samarinda Airport represent noise of typical phase 2a in over current relay
coordination starting from Grid PLN_2, passing P. UTAMA
bus, chiller room and ended in chiller_1_2. The coordinated
relays were CB12, CB9 and 2. This typically consists of 4
IV. RESULT AND ANALYSIS relays, namely LVCB10, CB2, CB9 and CB12.
A. Modelling of Electricity Systema The calculation of setting relay in typical 1.a :
Modeling of Samarinda Airport Electric system using
single line diagram in ETAP 7.5 simulation software. Some CB12 Relay
data equipments were required for drawing of single line Manufacturer : Merlin Gerin
diagram, namely cables data, transformers, generators, motors, Model : Sepam 1000
buses, releases and grounding systems. The next step was Curve Type : Standard Inverse Time
loading flow analysis to determined that system reached CT ratio : 65 / 1
steady state condition. The bus voltage, charger loading, bus Isc min bus SST 2 CHILLER : 22.67 kA
loading, power losses and power factor on each feeder were Isc max bus SST 2 CHILLER : 26.27 kA
known from this analysis.
B. Typical Coordination Selection of Relay Setting at
Samarinda Airport Time Overcurrent Pickup :
(1.05 × FLA primer T6/Ctprimary)In ≤ Iset ≤ (0.8 x
The entire electrical system of Samarinda Airport was IscMin SST 2 CHILLER" /CTprimary)In
divided into 4 typical pieces for coordination of protection :
2A31-2 The 4th IEEE Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy
ICPERE 2018

(1.05 × 57.74/65) In≤ Iset ≤ (0.8 x 22670 /65) In

0.6 In ≤ Iset≤ 231.2 In

Tap selected = 1.95 In (Pickup Range 0.3 In– 2.4 In, with Step
0.05In )

Actual value of Iset = 1.95 x 65 = 126.8

Dial Time :
Operation time selected (t) = 0.125 s

t= x

Td =

Figure 5. Coordination of 1.a typical relay

Td =

Td =

Td = 0.289
Td ≥ 0.289, Td selected = 0.5 (Range Td 0.05-3.2, with
step 0.01)

Instantaneous Pickup :

A≤ ≤ In

A≤ ≤ In

13.4 A≤ ≤ 279 In

selected = 15.9 A (Pickup Range 0.5 A – 175 A, with
Step 0.01A)
Actual value of =15.9 x 65/1 = 1034 A
Delay Time :
Selected delay time was 0.125 s
The calculation result was plotted in the current curve
of the current time condition setting in simulation software, it is
presented on Figure 6. The other relay calculation for noise of
excess current relay phase also used the same method.
Figure 6. Curve of setting time coordination in typical 2a
Based on Figure 6 can be concluded that:
1. CB12 relay secured T6 transformers, it worked
instantaneously, depending on the minimum short-circuit value
of the middle voltage main panel and also the maximum short
circuit in the CHILLER 1_2 load bus. Delay time of CB12 was
0.125 so it was not affected the inrush transformer located at
0.1 s.
2. CB9 was a back-up relay when the underneath relays were
not capable of securing a short-circuit noise in the main panel.
It worked based on the current contribution of the underload
2A31-2 The 4th IEEE Conference on Power Engineering and Renewable Energy
ICPERE 2018

buses, if there was a minimum short circuit in SST 2 CHILLER
ROOM.
D. Coordination of Ground Fault Relay Excess Current
Typical 2a
The ground fault relay was simulated using the similiar
type. An analysis of short circuit one-phase to ground fault
was done to determined the ground fault relay. In simulation
of short circuit, one-phase fault to the ground was done on the
buses in the typical that have been selected.
The current time curve of setting conditions was plotted in
simulation software using the calculation results, the result is
presented on Figure 7. The other relation of calculation for
excess current relay ground fault setting was used the same
method.
V. CONCLUSION
Based on the result of study and analysis of security relay
coordination at Samarinda Airport which had been done,
hence taken some conclusion as follows:
1. Result of relay setting in accordance with the standard
time grading IEEE-242 was 0.2 seconds. It needs to be
considered because if delay time setting is not
appropriate and there is a relay fault, the backup will be
tripped because it does not provide enough time for the
main safety relay to disconnected the fault. Coordinate
errors are very common when setting time delay
occured.
2. Setting ground fault relay using definite curve due to
short circuit of ground fault.
3. The safety relay settings that was obtained and the
result of current curve plot can be used as consideration
and reference.
4. For further study can be done the development with arc
flash consideration in coordination of Samarinda
Airport protection in order to improve safety standards
on workers and operators who work in the panel.

REFERENCES
[1] I. o. E. a. E. Engineers, "IEEE Standard 242," in Protection and
Coordination of Industrial and Comercial Power System, ed, 2001.
[2] Lazar Irwin “Electrical System Analysis and Design for Industrial
Plant”, McGraw-Hill Inc., USA, Ch, 1, 1980.
Figure 7. Curve of setting time coordination in typical 4.b
[3] P. M. Anderson, Power System Protection. Pistacaway, NJ: IEEE Press,
1999.
CB11 Relay :
[4] Gurevich, Vladimir, "Electric Relays, Principle and Application ",
Manufacturer : Merlin Gerin CRCPress, USA, 2006.
Mode : SEPAM 1000 [5] IEEE std 242-2001, "IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and
Curve Type : Definite Time Cordination of Industrial and Commercial Power System ", The Institute
CT Ratio : 65/1 of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Inc, New York, 2001.
[6] Wadhwa, C.L., “Electrical Power Systems”, New Age Science, Ltd.,
Instantaneous Pickup : England, 2009.
[7] Préve, Christope, “Protection for Electrical Network”, ISTE Ltd.,
(5-15 %) Ingr < < 50 % Ingr London, 2006
[8] Phadke, Arun G, and Thorp, James S, “Computer Relaying for Power
(5-15%) 575< < 50% 575 System”, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., England, 2009.
[9] Service Manual,“Overcurrent Relays for Phase and Earth Fault”, Merlin
Gerin, Schneider.
(28.75-86.73) < < 287.5 [10] Gers, Juan M., and Holmes, Edward J., “Protection of Electrical
Selected of = 30 A Distribution Network 2nd Edition”, The Institution of Electrical
Engineers, London, 2004.

Tap = = = 0.46 = 0.5

Dial Time = 0.1 s