Animals

Inter: B1
- Endangered
Ex: The sea turtle is an endangered species.
- fur
Ex: The cat carefully licked its fur.
- poisonous
Ex: This gas is highly poisonous.
- police dog
Ex: A police dog is a dog that is trained to assist police and other law
enforcement officers.
- shell
Ex: We collected shells on the beach.
- tail
Ex: My dog loves to chase his tail.
- wool
Ex: Sheep were kept for their wool and meat.

Bird
Inter: B1
- wing
Ex: The swan flapped its wings noisily.

Fish and shellfish

Inter: B1
Insects, worms, etc.

- mosquito
Ex: I was awake all night scratching my mosquito bites.
- poisonous
Ex: The leaves of certain trees are poisonous to cattle.

Appearance
Inter: B1
- cut
Ex: Blood poured from the deep cut on his arm.
- expression
Ex: She uses a lot of slang expressions that I've never heard before.
- figure (dáng người)
Ex: Her figure was athletic, because she spends a lot of her time doing sports.
- hairstyle
Ex: I’m thinking of having a change of hairstyle.
- well dressed
Ex: This is what today's well-dressed man is wearing.
- unattractive
Ex: He was short and overweight and generally unattractive.
- ugly
Ex: Why do some of our government buildings look ugly?
- toothpaste
Ex: He jumps on the bed then uses a tube of toothpaste to put stripes on the cat.
- thick
Ex: Everything was covered with a thick layer of dust.
- spot
Ex: She was wearing a black skirt with white spots.

Body
- breathe
Ex: The air was so cold we could hardly breathe.
- chest
Ex: She folded her arms across her chest.
- lip
Ex: He raised the bottle to his lips and took a large swig from it.
- muscle
Ex: All of this put strain on the heart muscle.
- nail
Ex: Stop biting your nails!
- toe
Ex: She wiggled her fingers and toes thoughtfully.

Clothes and Fashion

- diamond
Ex: The lights shone like diamonds.
- fashionable
Ex: He was laughed at by his more fashionable friends.
- fur
Ex: She stroked the soft fur on the dog's back.
- jewel
Ex: The family jewels are locked away in a safe.
- material
Ex: All the furniture is crafted from natural materials.
- tight
Ex: The screw was so tight that it wouldn't move.
- trendy
Ex: He writes for some trendy magazine for the under-30s.
- trouser
Ex: "Just look at this scar," said Aaron proudly, rolling up his trouser leg.
- uncomfortable
Ex: I couldn't sleep because the bed was so uncomfortable.
- unfashionable
Ex: They paid less for the house because it was in an unfashionable part of
town.

Colours and Shapes

- colour
Ex: The children love to draw and colour.
- surface
Ex: We need a flat, smooth surface to play the game on.

Communication
Language
- active
Ex: Before our modern age, people had a more physical and active lifestyle.
- advanced
Ex: Scientists are working on highly advanced technology to replace fossil
fuels.
- communication
Ex: Good communication between team leaders and members is essential.
- fluent
Ex: ‘Can he speak German?’ ‘Yes, he’s fluent.’

Phones, email and the internet

- connection
Ex: His resignation must have some connection with the recent scandal.
- like
Ex: Do you like their new house?
- message
Ex: Fiona just messaged me.

Culture
Art
- collection
Ex: He wanted to share his vast art collection with the world.
- decorate
Ex: They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.
- exhibition
Ex: Have you seen the Picasso exhibition?
- fake
Ex: She had long ago sold the diamonds and replaced them with fakes.
- frame
Ex: I'm going to paint the door frame white.
- portrait
Ex: He had his portrait painted in uniform.
- represent
Ex: The opening speech was by Bob Alan representing Amnesty International.
- scene
Ex: Italy was the scene of many demonstrations at that time.
- sculpture
Ex: He collects modern sculpture.
- statue
Ex: They planned to put up/erect a statue to the president.

Film and theatre

- curtain
Ex: She opened her curtains and looked out.
- location
Ex: The harsh climate and remote location made mining even more difficult.
- musical
Ex: Mozart's musical compositions include symphonies and operas.
- performance
Ex: They put on performances for the tourists.
- plot
Ex: It's hard to follow the plot of the film.
- scenery
Ex: The scenery is magnificent.

Literature and writing

- original
Ex: The room still has many of its original features.
- poem
Ex: His collected poems were published after the war.
- poet
Ex: What do you think the poet is getting at in these lines?
- poetry
Ex: There was poetry in all her gestures.
- publisher
Ex: Several publishers are competing in the same market.

Music
- performance
Ex: They put on performances for the tourists.
- performer
Ex: He was a poor performer at school and left with no qualifications.

TV, radio and news

- channel
Ex: What's on Channel 4 tonight?
- commercial
Ex: The marketing campaign is starting with four online commercials.
- documentary
Ex: There were some interesting interviews in the documentary.
- episode
Ex: The next episode has not yet been filmed.
- repeat
Ex: She didn't want a repeat performance of what had happened the night
before.
- show
Ex: The figures clearly show that her claims are false.
- source
Ex: These fish are widely used as a food source.
- story
Ex: She writes poems and stories for children.

Food and drink

Cooking and eating
- bake
Ex: The bread is baking in the oven.
- course
Ex: I want to do a course in art and design.
- diet
Ex: She's always dieting but she never seems to lose any weight.
- fry
Ex: We had fried chicken for dinner.
- ingredient
Ex: Our skin cream contains only natural ingredients.
- kettle
Ex: She made herself a sandwich while she waited for the kettle to boil.
- liquid
Ex: She poured the dark brown liquid down the sink.
- lunch
Ex: He lunched with a client at the Ritz.
- main course
Ex: I had salmon, rice and broccoli as a main course.
- measure
Ex: Blood pressure and heart rate should be measured before treatment.
- microwave
Ex: Reheat the soup in the microwave.
- mild
Ex: The symptoms were mild.
- mix
Ex: Grief mixed with fear and rage as the people surveyed the ruins of their
homes.
- packed lunch
Ex: I understand that in some instances arrangements are being made to provide
a meal in the form of a packed lunch.
- pan
Ex: Heat a large non-stick saute pan over a medium heat.
- paper towel
Ex: A paper towel was used to mash the faecal pellets on the squares to prevent
their displacement by beetles during the trial.
- pot
Ex: You'll need a large cooking pot with a tight-fitting lid.
- slice
Ex: Add a few very thinly sliced red onions.
- spicy
Ex: I don't like spicy food.
- tasty
Ex: This soup is very tasty.
- warm
Ex: The alcohol warmed and relaxed him.

Drinks
- alcoholic
Ex: The fruit juice tasted slightly alcoholic.
- champagne
Ex: There are a number of fine champagnes available at very reasonable prices.
- lemonade
Ex: I feel like (having) a nice cool glass of lemonade.
- non-alcoholic
Ex: Can I have something non-alcoholic?
- pour
Ex: She poured boiling water down the sink.
- black pepper
Ex: The common commodities were muslin, black pepper, cardamom, cassier
and coarse blue cotton cloth.
- burger
Ex: He is now flipping burgers and serving drinks to make ends meet.
- cabbage
Ex: Do you like cabbage?
- corn
Ex: The corn is still green.
- garlic
Ex: Fry the chopped onion and crushed garlic for 3 minutes.
- grape
Ex: We picked grapes in the south of France last summer.
- steak
Ex: How would you like your steak done?

Functions
Discussion and agreement
- agreement
Ex: They have entered into a free trade agreement with Australia.
- convince
Ex: I'd be very surprised if this argument convinces anybody.
- encourage
Ex: We were greatly encouraged by the positive response of the public.
- persuade
Ex: Try to persuade him to come.
- surely
Ex: Oil prices will surely have some impact on trade.

Doubt, guessing and certainty

- confident
Ex: She was in a relaxed, confident mood.
- doubt
Ex: New evidence has cast doubt on the guilt of the man jailed for the crime.
- judge
Ex: As far as I can judge, all of them are to blame.
- prediction
Ex: The results of the experiment confirmed our predictions.
- truth
Ex: The truth is that there are no easy answers.
- uncertain
Ex: They're both uncertain about what to do.

Opinion and argument

- advise
Ex: I would strongly advise against going out on your own.
- belief
Ex: I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing.
- claim
Ex: I don't claim to be an expert.
- comment
Ex: He refused to comment until after the trial.
- examine
Ex: This study sets out to examine in detail the possible effects of climate
change.
- impression
Ex: My first impression of him was favourable.
- judge
Ex: The case comes before Judge Cooper next week.
- personally
Ex: Personally, I prefer the second option.
- point of view
Ex: Why can't you ever see my point of view?
- point out
Ex: The guide pointed out various historic monuments.
- protest
Ex: Unions have called for a day of protest on 24 February.
- prove
Ex: They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.
- respect
Ex: I respect Jack's opinion on most subjects.
- revise
Ex: I can see I will have to revise my opinions of his abilities now.

Permission and obligation

- ban
Ex: The law effectively bans smoking in all public places.
- illegal
Ex: She promised to crack down on illegal immigration.
- legal
Ex: They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts.

Preferences and decisions

- award
Ex: Knowing why and how corporations award contracts is vitally important.
- determined
Ex: The opposition to her plan made her more determined than ever.
- dislike
Ex: Why do you dislike him so much?

Suggestions and advice

- advise
Ex: I would strongly advise against going out on your own.
- ought to
Ex: He oughtn't to have been driving so fast.
- recommendation
Ex: Her report lists numerous recommendations for the improvement of safety.
- warn
Ex: Security experts warned about the problems months ago.

Health
Disability
- wheelchair
Ex: In town, she gets about by wheelchair.

Health and Fitness

- fitness
Ex: She works as a personal fitness trainer.
- heart rate
Ex: Before the examination, each patient's heart rate was measured.
- strength
Ex: She gradually regained strength in her legs.

Health problems
- bite
Ex: The dog gave me a playful bite.
- burnt
Ex: Your hand looks badly burnt.
- cough
Ex: I couldn't stop coughing.
- cut
Ex: Blood poured from the deep cut on his arm.
- injure
Ex: He injured his knee playing hockey.
- injured
Ex: His injured leg prevented him from walking.
- painful
Ex: My ankle is still too painful to walk on.
- pale
Ex: She was tall with a slender figure and pale skin.
- reaction
Ex: What was his reaction to the news?
- reject
Ex: The bank has the option of accepting or rejecting this offer.
- sore
Ex: His feet were sore after the walk.
- spread
Ex: The news had spread and was causing great excitement.
- suffer
Ex: The country has suffered greatly at the hands of its corrupt
government.
- symptom
Ex: Symptoms include a headache and sore throat.
- unwell
Ex: You should delay vaccination if you are unwell with a fever.
- upset
Ex: I understand how upset you must be feeling.
- victim
Ex: Several countries have pledged millions of dollars to help the victims of the
tsunami.

Healthcare
- appointment
Ex: I've got a dental appointment at 3 o'clock.
- care for
Ex: She moved back home to care for her elderly parents.
- examine
Ex: This study sets out to examine in detail the possible effects of climate
change.
- needle
Ex: Can you thread this needle?
- treat
Ex: Treat your keyboard with care and it should last for years.
- treatment
Ex: The drug is used in the treatment of depression.

Mental health
- mental
Ex: Do you have a mental picture of what it will look like?
- quit
Ex: He quit in protest over the decision.

Homes and buildings

Buildings
- impressive
Ex: He has an impressive record of 63 wins from 71 fights.
- location
Ex: The harsh climate and remote location made mining even more difficult.
- mall
Ex: Teenagers would go hang at the mall after school.
- next door
Ex: The manager's office is just next door.
- private
Ex: The sign said, ‘Private property. Keep out.’

Gardens
- path
Ex: They walked along the cliff path to the next town.
- pot
Ex: You'll need a large cooking pot with a tight-fitting lid.
- seed
Ex: Sow the seeds outdoors in spring.
- soil
Ex: She dug the compost into the soil.
- water
Ex: The smell of the meat made her mouth water.
- yard
Ex: They have a gorgeous old oak tree in their front yard.

Houses and homes

- alarm
Ex: I hammered on all the doors to raise the alarm.
- ceiling
Ex: The walls and ceiling were painted white.
- chore
Ex: Shopping's a real chore for me.
- cleaning
Ex: They pay someone to do the cleaning.
- curtain
Ex: She opened her curtains and looked out.
- decorate
Ex: They decorated the room with flowers and balloons.
- front door
Ex: There's someone at the front door.
- garage
Ex: Did you put the car in the garage?
- iron
Ex: He hit a magnificent shot with a nine iron.
- move
Ex: She felt he was watching her every move.
- rent
Ex: I earn just about enough to pay the rent.
- rug
Ex: A Persian rug covered the polished floor.
- shelf
Ex: The product should hit store shelves by August.
- sink
Ex: Don't just leave your dirty plates in the sink!
- vase
Ex: He was clasping the vase tightly, terrified of dropping it.
- wardrobe
Ex: We have everything you need for your summer wardrobe.

Leisure
Games and toys
- cheat
Ex: She is accused of attempting to cheat the taxman.
- loser
Ex: She's one of life's losers.

Hobbies
- explore
Ex: As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore.
- leisure
Ex: These days we have more money and more leisure to enjoy it.
- photography
Ex: Her hobbies include hiking and photography.
- sculpture
Ex: He collects modern sculpture.

Shopping
- afford
Ex: Can we afford a new car?
- deliver
Ex: Leaflets have been delivered to every household.
- department store
Ex: He's got a job demonstrating kitchen equipment in a department store.
- discount
Ex: Spend over £50 and receive a 15 per cent discount.
- payment
Ex: What method of payment do you prefer?
- queue
Ex: There were long queues at polling stations.
- receipt
Ex: Do you need a receipt for that?
- total
Ex: His businesses are worth a combined total of $3 billion.
- trade
Ex: Trade between the two countries has increased.
- unhelpful
Ex: The taxi driver was being very unhelpful.
- value
Ex: The value of the shares has continued to fall.

Change, cause and effect

- due
Ex: The team's success was largely due to her efforts.
- effective
Ex: Aspirin is a simple but highly effective treatment.
- expand
Ex: Student numbers are expanding rapidly.
- growing
Ex: A growing number of people are returning to full-time education.
- growth
Ex: Lack of water will stunt the plant's growth.
- improvement
Ex: The economy has shown significant improvement over the past 9 months.
- increased
Ex: Incidents of armed robbery have increased over the last few years.
- indirect
Ex: There would be some benefit, however indirect, to the state.
- reaction
Ex: What was his reaction to the news?
- rise
Ex: The industry is feeling the effects of recent price rises.
- therefore
Ex: He's only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
- trend
Ex: There is a growing trend towards later retirement.
- consequence
Ex: Remember that actions have consequences.
- development
Ex: This is a perfectly normal stage of development.

Danger
- emergency
Ex: This is a medical emergency needing urgent treatment with antibiotics.
- escape
Ex: They were caught trying to escape.
- guard
Ex: Armed officers guarded the entrance.
- look out
Ex: Look out! There's a car coming.
- risk
Ex: The health risks are very low.

Difficulty and failure

- battle
Ex: Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
- difficulty
Ex: They encountered numerous difficulties while making the film.
- disadvantage
Ex: One major disadvantage of the area is the lack of public transport.
- disappointing
Ex: The team has had a disappointing start to the season.
- unsuccessful
Ex: They were unsuccessful in meeting their objectives for the year.

Success
- achievement
Ex: It was a remarkable achievement for such a young player.
- aim
Ex: We should aim for a bigger share of the market.
- ambition
Ex: She had fulfilled her lifelong ambition.
- ambitious
Ex: Several interns will be working on three ambitious new projects.
- effort
Ex: I didn't really feel like going out, but I am glad I made the effort.
- management
Ex: The report blames bad management.
- practical
Ex: What are the practical implications of the proposal?
- promote
Ex: The band has gone on tour to promote their new album.
- respect
Ex: I have the utmost respect for her and her work.
- work on
Ex: He hasn't said he'll do it yet, but I'm working on him.

People
Education
- application
Ex: You need to complete the online application form.
- assignment
Ex: Students are required to complete all homework assignments.
- blackboard
Ex: Please copy the homework from the blackboard.
- candidate
Ex: He is the best candidate for the job.
- coach
Ex: He has coached the team for five years.
- educate
Ex: She was educated in the US.
- educational
Ex: Watching television can be very educational.
- exchange
Ex: The exchange of prisoners took place this morning.
- grade
Ex: She got good grades in her exams.
- graduate
Ex: We would prefer to fill the post with a recent graduate.
- graduation
Ex: It was my first job after graduation.
- memorize
Ex: When I was at school, we were required to memorize a poem every week.
- pass
Ex: We had backstage passes to the show.
- playground
Ex: The resort is a playground of the rich and famous.
- primary school
Ex: This model is applied to a sample of 60 primary school immigrant children
from the two countries of origin.
- private school
Ex: A private school charges the same tuition for all types of students attending
the school.
- qualification
Ex: In this job, experience counts for more than paper qualifications.
- qualified
Ex: She's extremely well qualified for the job.
- qualify
Ex: He qualified as a doctor last year.
- revise
Ex: I can see I will have to revise my opinions of his abilities now.

Family and relationships

- break up
Ex: The ship broke up on the rocks.
- friendship
Ex: They formed a close friendship at college.
- generation
Ex: My generation have grown up with the internet.
- passion
Ex: I admire the passion and commitment shown by the players.
- related
Ex: The amount of protein you need is directly related to your lifestyle.
- relative
Ex: He was visiting relatives in Scotland.
- romantic
Ex: I'm not interested in a romantic relationship.
- separate
Ex: It is impossible to separate belief from emotion.
- sociable
Ex: She's a sociable child who'll talk to anyone.

Feelings
- amazed
Ex: We were all amazed at the number of people who came.
- annoy
Ex: His constant joking was beginning to annoy her.
- attraction
Ex: Buckingham Palace is a major tourist attraction.
- cheerful
Ex: You're not your usual cheerful self today.
- disappointing
Ex: The team has had a disappointing start to the season.
- embarrassing
Ex: His terrible acting is just embarrassing to watch.
- emotion
Ex: They expressed mixed emotions at the news.
- excitement
Ex: The news caused great excitement among her friends.
- exhausted
Ex: The exhausted climbers were rescued by helicopter.
- fancy
Ex: Do you fancy going out this evening?
- fed up
Ex: People are fed up with all these traffic jams.
- frightened
Ex: I'm frightened of walking home alone in the dark.
- glad
Ex: She was glad when the meeting was over.
- grateful
Ex: We are very grateful to all those who contributed.
- guilty
Ex: I had a guilty conscience and could not sleep.
- happiness
Ex: Their grandchildren are a constant source of happiness.
- hate
Ex: She was full of hate for the people who had betrayed her.
- horror
Ex: The thought of being left alone filled her with horror.
- jealous
Ex: He's only talking to her to make you jealous.
- keen
Ex: John was very keen to help.
- painful
Ex: My ankle is still too painful to walk on.
- pleasure
Ex: Encourage your child to read for pleasure.
- proud
Ex: The girls have made me extremely proud.
- sadness
Ex: It is with great sadness that we report the death of James Banks yesterday.
- shy
Ex: He is not exactly the shy and retiring type.
- upset
Ex: I understand how upset you must be feeling.
- wonder
Ex: His eyes were filled with wonder at the sights before him.
- worry
Ex: The threat of losing their jobs is a constant source of worry to them.

Life stages
- bride
Ex: The bride wore an elegant gown of ivory satin.
- bury
Ex: Their ambitions were finally dead and buried.
- ceremony
Ex: More than 1 000 people attended the ceremony.
- childhood
Ex: He spent his childhood in India.
- engaged
Ex: She was engaged to marry the heir to the Spanish throne.
- marriage
Ex: All of her children's marriages ended in divorce.
- playground
Ex: The resort is a playground of the rich and famous.
- retire
Ex: She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.
- school day
Ex: I get up very early on school days.
- unmarried
Ex: She was sent away to a home for unmarried mothers.

Personal qualities
- academic
Ex: She had a brilliant academic career.
- ambitious
Ex: Several interns will be working on three ambitious new projects.
- annoying
Ex: Her most annoying habit was eating with her mouth open.
- brave
Ex: I wasn't brave enough to tell her what I thought of her.
- calm
Ex: They were impressed by her calm demeanour.
- cheat
Ex: She is accused of attempting to cheat the taxman.
- confident
Ex: I was actually fairly confident about my chances.
- criminal
Ex: This is a criminal waste of resources.
- cruel
Ex: He was known to be a cruel dictator.
- duty
Ex: It is my duty to report it to the police.
- experienced
Ex: She's highly experienced in software development.
- fool
Ex: You're fooling yourself if you think none of this will affect you.
- generous
Ex: The gallery was named after its most generous benefactor.
- gentle
Ex: He looks scary but he's really a gentle giant.
- grateful
Ex: I am extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help.
- honest
Ex: They were honest, hard-working people, trying to farm on their own two
feet.
- horrible
Ex: The coffee tasted absolutely horrible.
- kind
Ex: The weather was very kind to us.
- lie
Ex: You could see from his face that he was lying.
- organized
Ex: He was part of an organized criminal gang.
- outgoing
Ex: I’ve become more confident and outgoing.
- pleasant
Ex: The trip brought back pleasant childhood memories.
- pretend
Ex: We pretended (that) nothing had happened.
- relaxed
Ex: He appeared relaxed and confident before the match.
- reliable
Ex: We are looking for someone who is reliable and hard-working.
- selfish
Ex: Do you think I'm being selfish by not letting her go?
- sensible
Ex: I think the sensible thing would be to take a taxi home.
- shy
Ex: He is not exactly the shy and retiring type.
- smart
Ex: She was incredibly smart in navy blue silk.
- talented
Ex: Some of these young musicians are incredibly talented.
- trick
Ex: I'd been tricked and I felt stupid.
- understanding
Ex: She has very understanding parents.
- unfriendly
Ex: There's no need to be so unfriendly towards them.
- welcoming
Ex: She gave me a welcoming smile.

Politics and society

Crime and punishment
- arrest
Ex: A local man has since been arrested on suspicion of murder.
- burglar
Ex: Burglars broke into the gallery and stole dozens of priceless paintings.
- clue
Ex: They are searching for clues about the kidnapping.
- crime scene
Ex: Police carried out a full search of the crime scene.
- criminal
Ex: The former minister could face criminal proceedings over his involvement
in the deal.
- detective work
Ex: He did some detective work and figured out what had happened to his bike.
- guard
Ex: The building is protected by armed guards.
- hang
Ex: Activists hung a banner from the roof of the building.
- illegal
Ex: She promised to crack down on illegal immigration.
- investigate
Ex: The allegations have not yet been thoroughly investigated.
- murder
Ex: He was found guilty of murder.
- mystery
Ex: She tried to solve the mystery of the boy's sudden death.
- prisoner
Ex: The number of prisoners serving life sentences has fallen.
- punish
Ex: Those responsible for this crime will be severely punished.
- punishment
Ex: I felt sure that it was a punishment for my sin.
- shoot
Ex: She shot a bullet right at me but missed.
- victim
Ex: The team will try to identify potential victims of domestic violence.
- violent
Ex: The crowd suddenly turned violent.
- wrong
Ex: Children must be taught the difference between right and wrong.

Law and justice

- act
Ex: You have committed a serious criminal act.
- agreement
Ex: They had made a verbal agreement to sell.
- claim
Ex: I don't claim to be an expert.
- guilty
Ex: Matt and Chrissy both looked equally guilty.
- innocent
Ex: They have imprisoned an innocent man.
- legal
Ex: They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts.
- marriage
Ex: She has two children by a previous marriage.
- respect
Ex: She was a much loved and highly respected teacher.

People in society
- global
Ex: This year the global economy will grow by about 4 per cent.
- head
Ex: They woke early and headed off for breakfast.
- princess
Ex: Is something the matter, princess?
- represent
Ex: The opening speech was by Bob Alan representing Amnesty International.

Politics
- act
Ex: This was one of the most appalling acts of terror of recent times.
- border
Ex: Thousands of people cross the border every day.

Religion and festivals

- belief
Ex: They share a belief that there is life after death.
- bury
Ex: They killed her and buried her body.
- celebration
Ex: The occasion was the 40th anniversary celebrations of the orchestra.
- ceremony
Ex: More than 1 000 people attended the ceremony.
- marriage
Ex: All of her children's marriages ended in divorce.
- pray
Ex: They knelt down and prayed.
- religion
Ex: He believed in God but had no interest in organized religion.
- religious
Ex: The situation for many ethnic and religious minorities remains dangerous.

Social issues
- assist
Ex: Anyone willing to assist can contact this number.
- donate
Ex: The organization suggests ways to help besides donating money.
- drunk
Ex: His only way of dealing with his problems was to go out and get drunk.
- equal
Ex: There is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.
- fire
Ex: They ran away as soon as the first shot was fired.
- immigrant
Ex: The president vowed to continue deporting illegal immigrants.
- poverty
Ex: Many elderly people live in poverty.
- quit
Ex: If I don't get more money I'll quit.
- smoker
Ex: He's developed a smoker's cough.
- unemployed
Ex: How long have you been unemployed?
- victim
Ex: Several countries have pledged millions of dollars to help the victims of the
tsunami.
- volunteer
Ex: Schools need volunteers to help children to read.

War and conflict

- agreement
Ex: They had an agreement never to talk about work at home.
- damage
Ex: The church was badly damaged by the 1997 earthquake.
- enemy
Ex: She didn't have an enemy in the world.
- explode
Ex: A second bomb exploded in a crowded market.

Science and technology

Biology
- biologist
Ex: She’s a research biologist for a pharmaceutical company.
- divide
Ex: The questions divide into two categories: easy and hard.

Computers
- access
Ex: Most people use their phones to access the internet.
- click
Ex: I clicked on the link to the next page of the website.
- file
Ex: I keep paper copies of all my invoices in this file.
- flat-screen
Ex: There is a large flat screen on his office wall.
- information technology
Ex: Recent advances in information technology have led to important changes
in the operation of offices.
- keyboard
Ex: The program locks the keyboard until a password is given.
- login
Ex: If you've forgotten your login ID, click this link.
- program
Ex: He taught himself to program a computer.
- quit
Ex: He has decided to quit as manager of the team.
- software
Ex: You will need to be able to use basic office software.
- type
Ex: I typed my name and password.
- username
Ex: Please enter your username.
- wireless
Ex: They have a plan to link 9,700 office buildings to the Net via a high-speed
wireless network.

Engineering
- battery
Ex: The bicycle even has a built-in battery charger for a mobile phone.
- break down
Ex: The telephone system has broken down.

Maths and measurement

- addition
Ex: All of these technologies are fairly recent additions.
- add up
Ex: His story just doesn't add up.
- calorie
Ex: No sugar for me, thanks—I'm counting my calories.
- equal
Ex: A metre equals 39.38 inches.
- graph
Ex: The graph shows how house prices have risen since the 1980s.
- length
Ex: The snake usually reaches a length of 100 cm.
- percentage
Ex: The figure is expressed as a percentage.
- plus
Ex: Membership is 350 dollars per year plus tax.

Physics and chemistry

- bend
Ex: The doctor told me to avoid bending and stretching.
- block
Ex: The houses are made of concrete blocks with tin roofs.
- charge
Ex: The restaurant charges £40 for the set menu.
- chemical
Ex: The government has pledged to reduce the amount of chemicals used in
food production.
- expand
Ex: Metals expand when they are heated.
- force
Ex: If persuasion doesn't work, they use force.
- liquid
Ex: She poured the dark brown liquid down the sink.
- solid
Ex: Is calcium carbonate normally a solid or a liquid?
- substance
Ex: Some frogs produce toxic substances in their skin.

Scientific research
- analyse
Ex: The job involves collecting and analysing data.
- confirm
Ex: His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions.
- determine
Ex: An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident.
- development
Ex: This is a perfectly normal stage of development.
- experiment
Ex: Some people feel that experimenting on animals is wrong.
- prove
Ex: They hope this new evidence will prove her innocence.
- scientific
Ex: He took a very scientific approach to management.

Sport
Sports: ball and racket sports

- bicycle
Ex: I go to work by bicycle.
- bike
Ex: My dad bikes to work every day.
- champion
Ex: He became the youngest US Open champion for 88 years.
- climber
Ex: Monkeys are efficient climbers.
- coach
Ex: He has coached the team for five years.
- competitive
Ex: Graduates have to fight for jobs in an increasingly competitive market.
- competitor
Ex: Over 200 competitors entered the race.
- cyclist
Ex: They are both very keen cyclists.
- extreme sport
Ex: She loves to travel and take part in extreme sports.
- gold medal
Ex: In 1922 the workshop was awarded a gold medal for its services.

The natural world

Geography
- flood
Ex: The cellar floods whenever it rains heavily.
- sand
Ex: Concrete is a mixture of sand and cement.
- volcano
Ex: An active volcano may erupt at any time.
- waterfall
Ex: She watched the magnificent waterfall cascade down the mountainside.
- western
Ex: Economic growth in China's western regions.
- woodland
Ex: These ancient woodlands are under threat from new road developments.

Plants and trees

- branch
Ex: She climbed the tree and hid in the branches.
- leaf
Ex: The leaves on the trees were beginning to turn from green to orange.
- mint
Ex: I decorated the fruit salad with a sprig of mint.
- ring
Ex: The villagers were literally surrounded by a ring of fire.
- seed
Ex: These vegetables can be grown from seed.

The environment
- clean up
Ex: This film should clean up at the box offices.
- climate emergency
Ex: Halifax became the second Canadian city to declare a climate emergency.
- coal
Ex: Plans were being drawn up for the privatization of the coal industry.
- consume
Ex: The electricity industry consumes large amounts of fossil fuels.
- disaster area
Ex: His office was a disaster area with papers piled everywhere.
- earthquake
Ex: I was asleep when the earthquake struck.
- environmental
Ex: Their main objective is to promote environmental protection.
- flood
Ex: Much had been done in recent years to improve flood defences.
- fuel
Ex: The plant reprocesses spent fuel from nuclear power stations.
- global heating
Ex: The goal is to limit global heating to 1.5℃.
- global warming
Ex: Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet's overall
temperature.
- hurricane
Ex: The hurricane season does not end until November.
- national park
Ex: The area was designated a national park.
- nuclear
Ex: China and India only produce a very small percentage of their electricity
from nuclear facilities.
- nuclear energy
Ex: Nuclear energy is the energy in the nucleus, or core, of an atom.
- nuclear power
Ex: Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity.
- poisonous
Ex: This gas is highly poisonous.
- pollute
Ex: The river has been polluted with toxic waste from local factories.
- power plant
Ex: Most power plants use one or more generators that convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy in order to supply power to the electrical grid for
society's electrical needs.
- renewable
Ex: The work permit is not renewable.
- resource
Ex: They promote the use of renewable resources like soybean oil.
- sandstorm
Ex: In order to protect the residents from sandstorms and dust, the yards were
surrounded on all sides by walls to become courtyards.
- solar panel
Ex: Solar panels are used to power satellites.
- tornado
Ex: She burst in to the room like a tornado.
- turbine
Ex: The flow of water drives the turbine, which is connected to an electrical
generator to produce electricity.
- volcano
Ex: An active volcano may erupt at any time.
- waste
Ex: It seems such a waste to throw good food away.
- wind turbine
Ex: A wind turbine is a device that converts the kinetic energy of wind into
electrical energy.

Weather
- atmosphere
Ex: Volcanoes and hot springs can emit methane into the atmosphere.
- calm
Ex: He always stays calm under pressure.
- cloudy
Ex: The water looked cloudy and not fit to drink.
- cool
Ex: I lost my cool and shouted at them.
- freeze
Ex: It's so cold that even the river has frozen.
- freezing
Ex: It's freezing cold outside.
- horrible
Ex: I feel horrible about what happened.
- lightning
Ex: Lightning strikes caused scores of fires across the state.
- mild
Ex: The symptoms were mild.
- pour
Ex: Although I poured it carefully, I still managed to spill some.
- powder
Ex: The mustard is sold in powder form.
- rainfall
Ex: There has been below average rainfall this month.
- rainstorm
Ex: We drove for five hours through a rainstorm.
- rainwater
Ex: She saw her reflection in a pool of rainwater beside her.
- snowfall
Ex: What is the average annual snowfall for this state?
- snowstorm
Ex: It is accepted that exceptional snowstorms can occur without strong winds.
- sunshine
Ex: She brought sunshine into our dull lives.
- warm
Ex: There is little doubt that the planet is warming.
- weather forecast
Ex: There’s a good weather forecast for tomorrow.

Time and space

History
- battle
Ex: Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
- costume
Ex: She wore a traditional costume of bright pink silk.
- explorer
Ex: Early explorers traded directly with Indigenous people.
- generation
Ex: My generation have grown up with the internet.
- historic
Ex: The area is of special historic interest.
- historical
Ex: You must place these events in their historical context.
- historically
Ex: The book is historically inaccurate.

Space
- astronaut
Ex: She picks up a male in an astronaut uniform from the sidewalk and drives
away.
- atmosphere
Ex: Wind power doesn't release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
- moonlight
Ex: The floor was dappled with pale moonlight.
- shine
Ex: The stars were shining and the moon was bright.
- spaceship
Ex: The last astronaut in the spaceship goes into the computer and shuts it down
by taking out the memory modules.
- sunlight
Ex: The morning sunlight flooded into the room.

Time
- continuous
Ex: Recovery after the accident will be a continuous process that may take
several months.
- continuously
Ex: He has lived and worked in France almost continuously since 1990.
- daily
Ex: The machines are inspected twice daily.
- daylight
Ex: The street looks very different in daylight.
- daytime
Ex: Daytime temperatures never fell below 30°C.
- decade
Ex: The nineties were a decade of rapid advances.
- eventually
Ex: She hopes eventually to attend medical school and become a doctor.
- half hour
Ex: He should arrive within the next half hour.
- immediate
Ex: This decision will have an immediate impact on students.
- midday
Ex: The rain will continue until around midday tomorrow.
- night-time
Ex: This area can be very noisy at night-time.
- rare
Ex: This weekend, visitors will get a rare chance to visit the private apartments.
- regularly
Ex: We meet regularly to discuss the progress of the project.
- springtime
Ex: One day, despite it being springtime, a heavy snow fell, which seemed
oddly out of place.
- sudden
Ex: News of his sudden and unexpected death came as a great shock.
- summertime
Ex: It’s beautiful here in (the) summertime.
- throughout
Ex: They export their products to markets throughout the world.
- weekday
Ex: The centre is open from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays.
- while
Ex: He is fitter now than he has been for a long while.
- wintertime
Ex: The days are shorter in (the) wintertime.

Travel
Holidays
- accommodation
Ex: Hotel accommodation is included in the price of your holiday.
- backpack
Ex: She swung her backpack over her shoulder.
- brochure
Ex: Send for a free colour brochure today!
- campfire
Ex: The night was warm and there were dozens of campfires on the beach.
- campsite
Ex: There are still another 50 to 60 campsites available in the park.
- check-in
Ex: The airline apologizes for long delays at check-ins today.
- cottage
Ex: James lived in a charming country cottage with roses around the door.
- currency
Ex: You'll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit
card.
- day out
Ex: We had a day out in the country.
- day trip
Ex: Do you fancy coming on a day trip to Bath next Saturday?
- destination
Ex: Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final destination.
- double
Ex: She's the double of her mother.
- exchange
Ex: The exchange of prisoners took place this morning.
- explore
Ex: As soon as we arrived on the island we were eager to explore.
- family room
Ex: The interviews were usually in the family's living room or family room, a
room containing a couch.
- front desk
Ex: I worked the front desk as one of my first jobs.
- holiday camp
Ex: When they came home they conceived the idea of a similar holiday camp
for difficult children in this country.
- hostel
Ex: We stayed at a student hostel during the conference.
- reservation
Ex: I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation.
- road trip
Ex: This summer we're going on a road trip around Canada.
- safari
Ex: I just got back from a month-long safari.
- sand
Ex: The resort has its own white sand beach.
- seaside
Ex: They have a cottage by the seaside.
- sight
Ex: She has very good sight.
- sleeping bag
Ex: The man tells the story of how he was sleeping rough and someone set fire
to his sleeping bag.
- sunbathe
Ex: We spent the day sunbathing and swimming.
- tent
Ex: Everyone was sleeping outside in tents.
- theme park
Ex: Travel operators warned that it was overpriced, and that the organizers had
oversold what the theme park had to offer.
- tour
Ex: He toured America with his one-man show.
- unpack
Ex: I unpacked my bags as soon as I arrived.
- youth hostel
Ex: We stayed at a youth hostel in Perugia.

Transport by air
- airfare
Ex: Take advantage of low-season airfares.
- airsick
Ex: He is also prone to getting airsick.
- arrival
Ex: We apologize for the late arrival of the train.
- board
Ex: Passengers are waiting to board.
- business class
Ex: There were no seats available in business class.
- captain
Ex: The captain of the plane was already announcing our arrival.
- check-in
Ex: The airline apologizes for long delays at check-ins today.
- departure
Ex: She postponed her departure to Scotland.
- first-class
Ex: I know a place where the food is first-class.
- flight attendant
Ex: I also wrote about the flight attendant offering coffee or tea and being
bewildered when given the same sort of reply.
- hand baggage
Ex: I have never before seen the hand baggage being delivered before the
passengers are screened for security and enter the building.
- helicopter
Ex: He was rushed to the hospital by helicopter.
- one-way
Ex: I took the car on a one-way trip to the wrecker's yard.
- reservation
Ex: I'll call the restaurant and make a reservation.
- round trip
Ex: It's 30 miles round trip to work.
- safety belt
Ex: I think she is mistaken, in that whenever there is turbulence in the air, the
pilot puts on his safety belt.
- security
Ex: They carried out security checks at the airport.
- spaceship
Ex: It must be the effect of spaceship flight.
- tail
Ex: My dog loves to chase his tail.
- travel-sick
Ex: I was so travel-sick I had to ask them to stop the bus.
- window seat
Ex: At window seats there are window shields for protection from sunlight.
- wing
Ex: The swan flapped its wings noisily.

Transport by bus and train

- commute
Ex: I have only a short commute to work.
- departure
Ex: Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.
- express
Ex: I would like to express my thanks for your kindness.
- one-way
Ex: I took the car on a one-way trip to the wrecker's yard.
- reservation
Ex: We have a reservation in the name of Grant.

Business
- agent
Ex: Our agent in New York deals with all US sales.
- agreement
Ex: They have entered into a free trade agreement with Australia.
- campaign
Ex: Today police launched a campaign to reduce road accidents.