MICROCONTROLLER CONTROLLED LINE FOLLOWER

Abstract:The line follower is one of the self operating robot that follows a line that drawn on the floor. It captures line position with optical sensors mounted at front end of the robot. Most are using several numbers of photo-reflectors, and some leading contestants are using an image sensor for image processing. The line sensing process requires high resolution and high robustness. There are two line styles, white line on the black floor and black line on the white floor. We are using second style. Our project is based on the concept of interfacing of infrared sensors with microcontroller. We are using DC motors to run car system which follow any predetermined path. Infrared sensors may sense colors and may produce output corresponding to that microcontroller takes decision and allot instruction for the left-right movement of car system. In this way car system follow line hence is called line follower.

Description:In our project we are using infrared sensors at input side. Different colors emit different frequencies so if we take sensor corresponding to any predetermined color then it will produce output whenever it will find frequency corresponding to its operating frequency, and generates analog output corresponding to that color. Now this analog output should be converted to digital form so that microcontroller may be able to read that quantity. Hence an analog to digital converter is used which produce 8-bit digital data corresponding to any analog value which is within the range of that ADC. Now microcontroller takes decision that in which direction car system should be moved so that it will remain on line. We are controlling DC motors by microcontroller, which give instruction for that left, right or straight movement of the car system. We are using two DC motors. These motors are connected with back wheels of car. If car has to be moved in right direction then right motor should be moved in backward direction and left motor should be moved in forward direction. Similarly if car has to be moved in left direction then left motor should be moved in backward direction and right motor should be moved in forward direction, and if car has to be moved straight then both motors should be moved in forward direction. We are using four no. of relays through which we control movement of motors by giving on off instruction by microcontroller.

Sensors distribution:Sensors location has been described as follows

Operation of microcontroller according to the output of sensors is as follows :-

BLOCK DIAGRAM

LIST OF COMPONENTS:1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Infrared sensor microcontroller 89c51 2 DC motors-12 volt interfacing cord power supply of 5v and 12v 4 relays

DESCRIPTION OF COMPONENTS:-