Unit 1- Lesson 11

Skills Builder: Systems

of Linear Equations in
Two Variables
 Activation of Prior Knowledge Exam
Instruction: Illustrate each system of linear
equations in two variables on the Cartesian
plane then determine the kind of system, kind
of lines, and solution that each given holds.
 Activation of Prior Knowledge Exam
Instruction: Illustrate each system of linear
equations in two variables on the Cartesian
plane then determine the kind of system, kind
of lines, and solution that each given holds. Item #1

●
Item #2
● (4, 3)
●
Consistent ●
Intersecting Lines ● ● ●
(4, 3)

Dependent
Coinciding Lines
Infinitely Many Solutions
 MATH TALE

Perry bought pencils and

erasers for his younger siblings. A
pencil costs PhP 8 each and an
eraser PhP 12 each. If Perry bought
9 items for a total of PhP 84, how
many erasers did he buy?
 Lesson Objective

• Solve problems
involving systems of
linear equations in two
variables.
 Any problem where two or more
quantities are combined to have a
different quantity or a single

Mixture
quantity separated into two or
more quantities is considered a

problem mixture problem.

Mixture problems do not only
mean liquids or science
experiments. The coin problem
given the last lesson is also an
example of a mixture problem.
 REMEMBER
Generally, to solve a problem,
1. Read and analyze the problem. Determine two
unknown values and assign different variables to
represent those.
2. Write two equations based on the given situation.
3. Solve the system of linear equations using methods
learned.
4. Write the answer to the problem.
 EXAMPLE
1. In a laboratory class, the students are tasked to mix a 20% alcohol
solution and a 70% alcohol solution to make a 60% alcohol solution.
If you need 160 mL of 60% alcohol, how many milliliters of each do
you need?
• Let 𝑥 be the amount of 20% alcohol solution in mL, and 𝑦 be the
amount of 70% alcohol solution in mL.

• The desired total amount of the new solution is 160 mL, so,
the first equation is given by,
• Combining the 20% alcohol and 70% alcohol solution that aims to
result to a 60% alcohol solution, second equation is represented by,

Therefore, the system of linear equation is

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 60
ቊ
0.2𝑥 + 0.7𝑦 = 0.6(𝑥 + 𝑦)
We can now solve the problem.
0.2𝑥 + 0.7𝑦 = 0.6(𝑥 + 𝑦) Equation 2
2𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 6 𝑥 + 𝑦 Multiply both sides of the equation by 10
2𝑥 + 7𝑦 = (160) Substitute 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 160 to Equation 2
2𝑥 + 7𝑦 = 960 Simplify − Equation 3
−2𝑥 − 2𝑦 = −320 Multiply Equation 1 by −2 to eliminate x –Equation 4
5𝑦 = 640 Addition Property of Equality on Equation 3 and 4
𝑦 = 128 Multiplication Property of Equality
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 160 Equation 1
𝑥 + 128 = 160 Substitute 𝑦 = 128 to Equation 1
𝑥 = 32 Addition Property of Equality

To create a 160 mL of 60% alcohol solution, the students must mix 32 mL

of 20% alcohol solution, and 128 mL of 70% alcohol solution.
 EXAMPLE
2. Mandy earns by working as a student assistant and as a library
assistant. Last week, she earned Php 4000 by working 25 hours as a
student assistant and 20 hours as a library assistant. This week she
earns Php 4200 for working 15 hours as a student assistant and 30
hours as a library assistant. What is Mandy’s hourly wage as a
student assistant? How about her hourly wage as a library
assistant?
SOLUTION:
• We let x be her hourly wage for working as a student assistant and y as
the hourly wage for working as a library assistant.

• Mandy’s last week’s earning were Php 4000, given that she worked 25
hours as a student assistant and 20 hours as a library assistant.
• This week, she earns Php 4200 when she worked 15 hours as
student assistant and 30 hours as library assistant.

• Therefore, we have a system of linear equations that would help

us in solving the problem.
25𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 4000
ቊ
15𝑥 + 30𝑦 = 4200
 25𝑥 + 20𝑦 = 4000 Equation 1
ቊ Equation 2
15𝑥 + 30𝑦 = 4200

75𝑥 + 60𝑦 = 12000 Equation 1

ቊ Multiplication Property of Equality
−30𝑥 − 60𝑦 = −8400 Equation 2

75𝑥 + 60𝑦 − 30 − 60𝑦 = 12000 − 8400 Addition Property of Equality

45𝑥 = 3600 Combine like terms

𝑥 = 80 Multiplication Property of Equality
 75𝑥 + 60𝑦 = 12000 Equation 1

75𝑥(80) + 60𝑦 = 12 000 Substitute x to Equation 1

6000 + 60𝑦 = 12 000 Multiplication
60𝑦 = 6000 Addition Property of Equality
60𝑦 6000
= Multiplication Property of Equality
60 60

𝑦 = 100
It means that Mandy earns Php 80 an hour as a student assistant and Php
100 an hour as a library assistant.
 Challenge Yourself
1. 1. A 20% of HCl solution and a 70% HCl solution are to be mixed
to obtain 900 mL of a 30% HCl solution. How many milliliters of
each solution must be mixed?

a. Let 𝑥 be_____________________,
and 𝑦 be______________________.

b. What will be the working equations?

_____________________________
ቄ_____________________________
c. What is the answer?
____________________________________________
 ANSWER KEY
1. A 20% of HCl solution and a 70% HCl solution are to be mixed to
obtain 900 mL of a 30% HCl solution. How many milliliters of each
solution must be mixed?
a. Let 𝑥 be equal to the number of milliliters of 20% HCl
solution and 𝑦 be the number of milliliters of 70% HCl
solution.

b. What will be the working equations?

𝑥 + 𝑦 = 900
ቊ
0.2𝑥 + 0.7𝑦 = 0.3(𝑥 + 𝑦)
c. What is the answer?
180 mL of 70% HCl solution and 720 mL of 20% HCl solution
must be mixed to obtain 900 mL of a 30% HCl solution.
 Systems of linear equations can
also be useful with other word
Perimeter and problems such as those that
involve perimeter as well as age
Age Problem problems.
 EXAMPLE
1. A rectangular vegetable garden has a perimeter of 60 feet. What are the
dimensions if the length is twice its width?

SOLUTION:
• We let x be the length of the rectangular vegetable garden and y be the width.

• We will need the formula for the perimeter of a rectangle,

𝑃 = 21 + 2𝑤
• Since the perimeter is given, we have,
• The second equation is given by the condition that the length is twice
its width.

• Therefore, the system of linear equations is,

60 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦
ቊ
𝑥 = 2𝑦
• We can now solve the problem

60 = 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 Equation 1
60 = 2 2𝑦 + 2𝑦 Substitute 𝑥 = 2𝑦 to Equation 1
60 = 4𝑦 + 2𝑦 Multiplication
60 = 6𝑦 Addition
60 6𝑦 Multiplication Property Of Equality
= 6
6
10 = 𝑦 Simplify
𝑥 = 2𝑦 Equation 2

𝑥 = 2 10 Substitute 𝑦 = 10 to Equation 2
𝑥 = 20 Multiply

The rectangular vegetable garden that has a perimeter of 60 feet

has a length of 20 feet and width of 10 feet.
 EXAMPLE
2. Paolo's uncle is twice as old as Paolo. Ten years ago, he was 4 times as old
as Paolo.

SOLUTION:
Let x be the current age of Paolo, and y be the current age of his uncle.

Furthermore,
PERSON PRESENT AGE AGE 10 YEARS AGO

Paolo x x – 10
Uncle y y – 10
• Based on their present age, the Uncle's age is twice as Paolo's.

• Based on their age ten years ago, the Uncle's age is 4 times as
Paolo's.

• Therefore, the system if linear equation is,

𝑦 = 2𝑥
ቊ
𝑦 − 10 = 4(𝑥 − 10)
We can now solve the problem.
𝑦 − 10 = 4 𝑥 − 10 Equation 2
2𝑥 − 10 = 4 𝑥 − 10 Substitute 𝑦 = 2𝑥 to Equation 2
2𝑥 − 10 = 4𝑥 − 40 By Distribution
40 − 10 = 4𝑥 − 2𝑥 Addition Property of Equality
30 = 2𝑥 Subtract
30 2𝑥 Multiplication Property of Equality
= Simplify
2 2
15 = 𝑥 Equation 1
𝑦 = 2𝑥 Substitute 𝑥 = 15 to Equation 1
𝑦 = 2 15 Multiply
𝑦 = 30
. and his uncle is 30 years old
So, Paolo is currently 15 years old
 Challenge Yourself
1. Mr. Locsin has 300 meters of fencing materials for his
cornfield. What would be the dimensions of his cornfield given that
the length is 50 meters greater than its width?

a. Let x be____________,
and y be_____________.
b. What will be the working equations?
_____________
ቄ_____________
c. What is the final answer?
_________________________________________
 Challenge Yourself
2. Gaile is twice as old as Melda. Eight years ago, Gaile was 3
times as old as Melda. What are their present age?

a. Let x be____________,
and y be_____________.
b. What will be the working equations?
__________________
ቄ__________________
c. What is the final answer?
________________________________________
 ANSWER KEY
1. Mr. Locsin has 300 meters of fencing materials for his
cornfield. What would be the dimensions of his cornfield given that
the length is 50 meters greater than its width?
a. Let x be the length of Mr. Locsin’s cornfield, and y be the
width.
b. What will be the working equations?
2𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 300
ቊ
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 50

c. What is the final answer?

The length is 100 meters, and the width is 50 meters.
 ANSWER KEY
2. Gaile is twice as old as Melda. Eight years ago, Gaile was 3
times as old as Melda. What are their present age?

a. Let x be the present age of Gaile, and y be the age of Melda.

b. What will be the working equations?
𝑥 = 2𝑦
ቊ
𝑥 − 8 = 3(𝑦 − 8)
c. What is the final answer?
Gaile is currently 32 years old and Melda is 16 years old.
 We can also do some
Number and number problems and digit
problems using a system of
Digit linear equations in two
Problems variables.
 EXAMPLE
Sum and Difference of Two Numbers
1. The sum of two numbers is 23 while their difference is 5. What are the
numbers?
SOLUTION:
We simply let x be one number and y the other number.
From the given conditions, we can write two equations.
The sum of two numbers is 23
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 23
The difference of the same two numbers is 5.
𝑥 − 𝑦 = 5
We can represent the problem using a system of linear equations.
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 23
ቊ
𝑥−𝑦 =5
By inspection, we can easily solve this using the elimination
method by adding both equations.

𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 23 + 5 Addition Property of Equality

2𝑥 = 28 Combine like terms
𝑥 = 14 Multiplication Property of Equality Equation 1
𝑥 + 𝑦 = 23 Equation 1
14 + 𝑦 = 23 Substitute 𝑥 to Equation 1
𝑦=9 Addition Property of Equality

The numbers are 14 and 9.

Note that we can also solve this using the substitution method by
expressing x in terms of y or vice versa.
 EXAMPLE
Digit Problem
2. I am thinking of a two-digit number which is 7 times the sum of its digits.
If the ones digit is 2 less than its tens digit, what number am I thinking of?
SOLUTION:
• First, we let x represent the tens digit and the y represent the ones digit.

• We can breakdown the word problem into two parts, which we can
translate into a mathematical equation.
• A two-digit number which is 7 times the sum of its digits.

• The ones digit is 2 less than its tens digit.

• This gives us a system of linear equations,

10𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7(𝑥 + 𝑦)
ቊ
𝑦 =𝑥−2
By observation, since y is already in terms of x, we can
substitute that to the first equation.
10𝑥 + 𝑦 = 7 𝑥 + 𝑦
10 + 𝑥 − 2 = 7 𝑥 + (𝑥 − 2)
11𝑥 − 2 = 7 2𝑥 − 2
11𝑥 − 2 = 14𝑥 − 14
14 − 2 = 14𝑥 − 11𝑥
3𝑥 = 12
𝑥=4
𝑦 =𝑥−2
𝑦 =4−2
𝑦=2
Equation 1
Substitute 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2 to Equation 1
Simplify
Distribution
Addition Property of Equality
Combine like terms
Multiplication property of Equality
Equation 2
Substitute 𝑥 = 4 to Equation 2
Simplify

The tens digit is 4 and the ones digit is 2. Therefore, the number is 42.
 MATH TALE

Perry bought pencils and

erasers for his younger siblings. A
pencil costs PhP 8 each and an
eraser PhP 12 each. If Perry bought
9 items for a total of PhP 84, how
many erasers did he buy?
• We let 𝑥 represent the number of pencils and 𝑦 represent the number of
erasers Perry bought.
• Since there is a given total number of items, we have

• It is also mentioned that each pencil costs 𝑃ℎ𝑃8 while each eraser costs
𝑃ℎ𝑃12and the total cost was 𝑃ℎ𝑃84. From this, we have this equation,

• We now have a system of linear of equations.

𝑥+𝑦 =9
ቊ
8𝑥 + 12 = 8
• From here, we solve what is asked.

Therefore, Perry bought 3 erasers.

 KEY POINTS
✓ There are many applications of a system of linear
equations in two variables, some of those are mixture
problems, money problems, age problems, number
problems, and digit problems.
✓ Generally, to solve a problem,
1. Read and analyze the problem. Determine two
unknown values and assign different variables to
represent those.
2. Write two equations based on the given situation.
3. Solve the system of linear equations using methods
learned.
4. Write the answer to the problem.
 Unit 1- Lesson 11
Skills Builder:
Systems of Linear
Equations in Two
Variables
Thank You So
Much!