Tragic Week

Spanish-American War

Battle of Annual

Rif War

Central Powers

Triple Entente

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

League of Nations

Second Spanish Republic

FET y de las JONS

Battle of Jarama

Invasion of Poland
Battle of Dunkirk

Soviet Union

Afrika Korps

Battle of Stalingrand

Normandy landings

Attack of Pearl Harbor

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima

and Nagasaki

Mauthausen concentration
camp

United Nations
It was a series of violent confrontations between the Spanish Army and anarchists, socialists and republicans of Barcelona
and other cities in Catalonia, Spain, during the last week of July 1909. It was caused by the calling-up of reserve troops.

It was an armed conflict between Spain and the United States. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion
USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. The war led to the U
emerging predominant in the Caribbean region, and resulted in U.S. acquisition of Spain's Pacific possessions. It led to U.S.
involvement in the Philippine Revolution and later to the Philippine-American War.
It was fought on July 22, 1921 at Annual, in northeastern Morocco, between the Spanish Army and Rifian Barbers during th
Rif War. The Spanish suffered a major military defeat, which is almost always referred to by the Spanish as the Disaster of
Annual which is widely considered to be the worst defeat suffered by the modern Spanish Army.

It was an armed conflict fought from 1921 to 1926 in the Rif mountainous region, in today Morocco between the occupyin
colonialists of Spain and the indigenous Berber tribes.

It was one of the two main coalitions that fought World War I (1914-18). It consisted of German Empire, Austria-Hungary,
Ottoman Empire and Kingdom of Bulgaria and was also known as the Quadruple Alliance. Colonies of these countries also
fought on the Central Powers' side such as German New Guinea and German East Africa, until almost all of their colonies
were occupied by the Allies

It describes the informal understanding between the Russian Empire, the French Third Republic and the United Kingdom o
Great Britain and Ireland. It was built upon the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1894, the Entente Cordiale of 1904 between Par
and London, and the Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907. It formed a powerful counterweight to the Triple Alliance of Germany
Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The Triple Entente, unlike the Triple Alliance or the Franco-Russian Alliance itself, was not an
alliance of mutual defence

It was a separate peace treaty signed on March 3, 1018, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and thee Centr
Powers, that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at German-controlled Brest-Litovsk, after t
months of negotiations. the treaty was agreed upon by the Russians to stop further invasion. As a result of the treaty, Sovi
Russia defaulted on all of Imperial Russia's commitmments to the Allies and eleven nations became independent in easter
Europe and western Asia. Under the treaty Russia lost nearly all of Ukraine, and the three Baltic Republics were ceded to
Germany. However, it was never recognized by the western Powers, and never taught in public schools.
It was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was
founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. The main organization ceased
operations on 20 April 1946 but many of its components were relocated into the new United Nations.
It was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. the Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the
deposition of King Alfonso XIII and was dissolved on 1 April 1939 after surrendering in the Spanish Civil War to the
Nationalists led by General Francisco Franco.

It was the sole legal party of the Francoist regime in Spain. It was created by General Francisco Franco in 1937 as a merger
the Carlist, monarchist, and ultracatholic Traditionalist Communion with the fascist Falange Española de la JONS. In additio
to the resemblance of names, the party formally retained most of the platform of FE de la JONS and a similar inner structu
in force until April 1977, it was rebranded as Moviminto Nacional in 1958.

It was an attempt by General Francisco Franco's Nationalists to dislodge the Republican lines along the river Jarama, just e
of Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War. Elite Spanish Legionnaires and Moroccan Regulares from the Army of Africa forced
back the Republican Army of the Centre, including the international Brigades, but after days of fierce fighting no
breakthrough was achieved. Republican counterattacks along the captured ground likewise failed, resalting in heavy
casualties to both sides.

It was an attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet union which marked the beginning of WWII. Th
German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between Germa
and the Soviet Union had approved the pact. The Soviets invaded Poland on 17 September. The campaign ended on 6
October with Germany and the Soviet union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland under the terms of the German-
Soviet Frontier Treaty.
It was fought around the French part of Dunkirk during the Second World War, between the Allies and Nazi Germany. As t
Allies were losing the Battle of France on the Western Front, the Battle of Dunkirk was the defence and evacuation of Briti
and other Allied forces to Britain from 26 May to 4 June 1940.

It was a socialist state that spanned Eurasia during its existence from 1922 to 1991. It was nominally a federal union of
multiple national republics; in practice its government and economy were highly centralized until its final years. The count
was a one-party state governed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, with Moscow as its capital within its largest a
most populous republic, the Russian SFSR.

It was the German expeditionary force in Africa during the North African Campaign of World War II. First sent as a holding
force to shore up the Italian defense of its African colonies, the formation fought on in Africa, under various appellations,
from March 1941 until its surrender in May 1943. the unit's best known commander was Field Marshal Erwin Rommel.

In the Battle of Stalingrad, Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in Southern
Russia. The battle was marked by fierce close-quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians in air raids. The Battle of
Stalingrad was the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War and is one of the bloodiest battles in the
history of warfare, with an estimated 2 million total casualties. The battle marked a turning point in the war as it forced th
Oberkommando der Werhmacht to withdraw considerable military forces from other theaters of war to replace their losse
on the eastern front. The victory at Stalingrad energized the Red Army and shifted the balance of power in the favor of the
Soviets.

They were the landing operations and associated airbone operations on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of
Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it w
the largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of France and laid the foundations of the Allie
victory on the Western Front.
It was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the naval base at
Pearl Harbour in Honolulu, territory of Hawaii, just before 08:00, on Sunday December 7, 1941. The United States was a
neutral country at the time; the attack led to its formal entry into World War II the next day.
The United states detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August
1945, respectively. The two bombings killed between 129,000 and 226,000 people, most of whom were civilians, and rema
the only use of nuclear weapons in armed conflict.

It was a Nazi concentration camp on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen, Upper Austria. It was the main camp of
group with nearly 100 further subcamps located throughout Austria and southern Germany. The three Gusen concentratio
camps in and around the village of St Georgen/Gusen, just a few kilometres from Mauthausen, held a significant proportio
of prisoners within the camp complex, at times exceeding the number of prisoners at the Mauthausen main camp.

It is an intergovernmental organization aiming to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations amo
nations, achieve international cooperation, and be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. It is the world's largest
and most familiar international organization. The UN is headquartered on international territory in New York city, and has
other main offices in Geneva, Nairobi, Vienna, and The Hague.
Violent: extreme. Call-up: military: order to
report. Troop: group of soldiers.

Armed: carrying weapons. Hostility:

aggression. Acquisition: to obtain.

Defeat: loss. To consider: take into account.

Army: military land force.
Region: territory. Mountainous: with many
mountains. Colonialist: settler, ruler of
dependent state.

Coalition: alliance. Colony: settlemen. To

occupy: invade, control.

Defence: protection against attack.

Informal: unofficial. Counterweight:
something that provides balance.

Further: more remote. Ally: mutual

supporter. Western: of or in the western
world.

Worldwide: spanning the world. Operation:

mission. Component: constituent.
Proclaim: announce. Deposition: removal
from power. Nationalist: supporter of
nationalism.

Sole: single, only. Traditionalist:

conservative person. Inner: inside part.

Dislodge: remove. Legionnaires: soldier in a

legion. Counterattack: retiliation.

Invasion: forced entry. Pact: agreement. To

annex: incorporate territory.
Evacuation: leaving homes during wartime.
Force: strength. Front: combat area.

Federal: supporting federalism. Multiple:

more than one. Within: on the inside of.

Expeditionary: relating to a military sortie.

Holding: delaying. To shore up: support.

Bloody: violent. Deadly: very accurate.

Assault: attack.

Landing: aircraft descent. Foundation: base

of a building. Seaborne: carried by the sea.

Surprise: be unexpected. Neutral: impartial.

Entry: coming in.

Bombing: bomb attack. Weapon: gun knife.

Civilian: non-military person.

Camp: prison. Southern: in the south.

Prisoner: captive.

Security: freedom from risk. Headquarters:

head office. Harmonize: make harmonious.