Name: Rishikesh Shinde

Bits ID: 2023ht01580

Title: Relevance of RTS Concepts in Uninterrupted Power supply (UPS) Industry

Organization mentor: Kiran Dahimiwal

Course Name: Real Time System

Course Number: ESZG553

Date: 06 April 2024

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ABSTRACT

Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) systems are vital for ensuring continuous power delivery to critical
infrastructure, data centers, and sensitive electronic equipment. This study focuses on integrating real-
time systems into the UPS industry to enhance reliability, efficiency, and monitoring capabilities. It
explores the importance of real-time monitoring, investigates underlying technologies like sensor
networks and communication protocols, and examines case studies demonstrating benefits such as fault
detection and energy optimization. This assignment also addresses challenges like interoperability and
cybersecurity, offering strategies for UPS stakeholders. Ultimately, it emphasizes the transformative role
of real-time systems in UPS, enabling proactive management of power supply challenges and ensuring
business continuity in a dynamic environment.

I. INTRODUCTION

BASIC IDEA OF REAL TIME SYSTEMS:

Real-time systems epitomize ultra-responsive computing, akin to sprinters in technology. They swiftly
react to events, with hard real-time systems tolerating no delays, crucial for safety-critical tasks like
airbag deployment or life support. Soft real-time systems allow slight delays, suited for tasks like
streaming or gaming. Their operation hinges on specialized components like RTOS and hardware like
timers and sensors. As more devices connect, real-time response grows vital, especially for safety-critical
applications such as self-driving cars.
BASIC IDEA OF UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY
(UPS)

1. What Is a UPS?

A UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) is like a

superhero for your electronic devices.
Its mission is to provide power without
interruption.
When the regular power source fails (like during
a blackout), the UPS steps in to save the day.

2. How It Works/The Core Components:

Battery Backup: The UPS has a rechargeable battery. It’s like having a backup generator in your home.

Surge Protection: The UPS shields your devices from voltage spikes and other power disturbances.

Inverter: When the power goes out, the UPS converts battery DC power into AC power for your devices.

Static Bypass Switch: This switch ensures a smooth transition between power sources.

II. FUNCTION OF REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS (RTES) IN UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS)

An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides emergency power and line regulation as well to
connected equipment by supplying power using battery source when utility power is not available and,
depending on the topology, line regulation as well to connected equipment by supplying power from a
separate device.

As business area of IT field increased, IDC center has more and more servers on a large scale and
essential UPS still needs more bulky capacity to supply power for server. Therefore, the importance of
reliability increases. In contrast, technology development speed of UPS is slow and there are problems of
maintenance, administration, etc.

Due to criticality of the application Real

time system is used.

In UPS domain UPS manly consists of

following blocks as shown in Fig 2.1

As UPS is having AC input and upon power interruption it switches to Battery operated mode
These UPS May have Linear or Non-linear load considering any condition the fault diagnostic system
must not falter.
In Basic UPS Function The parameters monitored are the line voltage, the line frequency and the
harmonic distortion. The system has also the capability to safely turn off the UPS, in case of a
malfunction.
Basic structure of Fault Diagnostic System is as shown in Fig 2.2

Here Output current of inverter is given to DSP for reference

monitoring. To obtain accurate sampling timing for one period, the
zero-crossing signal of output voltage is also inputted to DSP
processor.

The Waveform of current is at high frequency due to switching as

well as added faults cause deviations in expected outputs.
Hence Radix-II FFT algorithm is used in calculations The phase
difference between zero crossing of supply voltage and the output
of frequency divider of sampling frequency by 2,048 is fed to PI
controller to determine the timing of timer interrupt service routine (ISR). as shown in fig 2.3

Furthermore, Double buffered memory system for A/D conversion signal in employed in order to
implement the real time system.
This is the method used to identify faults in UPS system.
Using this there are few more necessary simultaneous operations executing in Real time environment.
Which may be varying from Product to Product?
e.g.,
• Datacenter ambient temperature monitoring
• Automatic temperature control inside the system
• Live data sent to system administrator.
• System data logging for service engineers’ application

III. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

In basic UPS system multiple tasks like monitoring line voltage, line frequency, total harmonic distortion,
or emergency turn off are always necessary, other tasks may be needed or skipped depending on its
criticality.

In our current project X, for R&D and prototyping we are using synchronous method for task execution
we are using FreeRTOS on ICB board, this board handles all the scheduling datalogging, communication,
smart power management, Battery Temperature monitoring, System Temperature monitoring, Li-Ion
Charging and Discharging, etc.
In UPS mainly all tasks arrive with soft deadline, hence such tasks can be handled by sequentially.
Jobs my arrived in UPS at same time and their relative deadline may be different but executing them
based on their priority and predefined criticality its scheduled.
Mentioned below is the simple application of Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS)where we will be
monitoring.
 • Line Voltage (V)
• Line Frequency (f)
• Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
• Safety Turn OFF

Execution of following system is explained via flow chart mentioned below.

A
*
TURN-ON UPS
ALARM AND TURN OFF
UPS

MONITOR UPS AC SIGNAL FOR ONE T

CALCULATE v, f SEND MESSAGE TO THE
& USER
INCRIMENT PERIOD COUNTER

YES NO

GET SAMPLES FROM THE *

UPS CIRCUIT BOARD YES
V<230V(rms) A
49.5Hz<f<50.5 Hz

YES
Check COUNTER < 5 ?

NO I(load) > I(overload) ?

MONITOR UPS AC SIGNAL FOR ONE T

NO
CALCULATE v, f, THD(%)
INCRIMENT PERIOD COUNTER
I(safe) < I(load) ?
AND
I(load) < I(overload) ?

V<230V(rms)
YES 49.5Hz<f<50.5 Hz
NO
1. MONITOR FOR TWO PERIOD
BATTERY VOLTAGE-CURRENT
YES 2. CALCULATE REMAINING TIME
3. GET SAMPLES FROM CIRCUIT
BOARD

A* NO THD(%) <5% ?

YES

COUNTER < 5 ? NO

IV. CONCLUSION

A real-time system has been developed to monitor and control an auxiliary power supply, like a UPS,
overseeing parameters such as line voltage, frequency, and harmonic distortion. It also features a safety
mechanism to deactivate the UPS in case of malfunction. With minor adaptations, this system could
extend its monitoring capabilities to other aspects of electric power systems. Utilizing a high-
performance microcontroller and common ICs, rigorous testing confirms its reliable operation within
specified parameters.