Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Mumbai. (M.S.

Su Submited by

Amit Bhagwat Giram

Omkar Bhagwan Sangle
Ashish Bhagwat Giram
Pooja Dilip Wahatule

Under Guidance of
Prof. A.N.Taur

In partial fulfillment for the award of

Diploma in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Water Marking on Database

Department of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning,

Marathwada Institute of Technology, Polytechnic,
Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar
[2022-2023]
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report entitled “Water marking on Database”, submitted
by Amit Bhagwat Giram, Omkar Bhagwan Sangle, Ashish Bhagwat Giram, Pooja
Dilip Wahatule from Marathwada Institute Of Technology having Enrolment No.
2100660223 , 2100660235 , 2100660247 and 2100660214 is the Bonafide work
completed under the supervision and guidance of Prof. A.N.Taur in fulfillment for the
award of Diploma in Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning of Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai.

Place: Chh. Sambhaji Nagar

Date:

Prof. A.N.Taur Prof. S.A.Shendre

Mentor Coordinator
Dept. of Artificial Dept. of Artificial
Intelligence& Machine Intelligence & Machine
Learning Learning

Prof. R. D. Deshpande

Head of Department
Dept. of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning

Prof. S.G. Deshmukh

Principal
Marathwada Institute of Technology, Polytechnic,
Ch.Sambhajinagar (M.S.) – 431 010
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude towards the Department of Artificial

Intelligence and Machine Learning, Marathwada Institute of Technology (Polytechnic), Chhatrapati

Sambhajinagar that gave me an opportunity for presentation and submission of my Capstone Project

Planning Report.

I am grateful to Prof. A.N.Taur, Lecturer, Artificial Intelligence and MachineLearning

Department for his constant encouragement and patience throughout this presentation and submission of

the Capstone Project Planning report.

I express my gratitude to Prof. R. D. Deshpande, Head of Artificial Intelligence and Machine

Learning Department and Prof. S. A. Shendre, Coordinator for their constant encouragement, co-

operation and support.

I must express my sincere thanks to Prof. S.G.Deshmukh, Principal, (MarathwadaInstitute of

Technology (Polytechnic), Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar and my professors and colleagues who helped me

directly or indirectly in completion of my report.

 Amit Bhagwat Giram

 Omkar Bhagwan Sangle

 Ashish Bhagwat Giram

 Pooja Dilip Wahatuele

 CONTENTS
Sr.no Pg no.
Particular

List Of Figures

List of Table
Abstract
1.
INTRODUCTION 1

1.1
WHAT IS WATERMARKING ON DATBASE? 1

1.2
WHAT IS AN WATERMARK? 1

1.3
HOW A WATERMARKING DATBASE IS FORMED? 2

1.4 WHY WATERMARKING ON DATABASE PROCESSING 2

REQUIRED
1.5
HOW WATERMARKING ON DATABASE WORKS? 3-4

1.6
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF WATERMARK? 5-6

1.7
COPYWRITE OF WATERMARKING ON DATABASE 6-7

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 8-9

3
REQUIRMENT SPECIFICATION 10

4
PROPOSED APPROACH 11

4.1
Architecture 11

4.2
Software Design 12-13

4.3
Procedure along with algorithms followed 14-17

4.4
Individual Contribution 18

5
TESTING 19-21

6
RESULT AND DISCUSSION 22-28

7
CONCLUSION 29

7.1
Future Scope 30

8
Scheduling Project 31-32

9
REFERNCE 33-34
 List of Figures

PAGE
Sr. No. Name of Figure
NO.

1 Fig 1.1 Water Marking On database

1

Fig 1.2 How Watermarking Works

2 4

3 Fig 1.3 Purpose of Water mark

6

4 Fig 4.1 Architecture Diagram

11

5 Fig 4.2 System Design

12

6 Fig 4.3 Working of AI Algorithm

16

7 Fig 4.4 Random Forest Regressor

17

8 Figure 7.1 User Interface

25

9 Figure 7.2 Login Interface

25

10 Figure 7.3 Sign In Interface

26

11 Figure 7.4 Uploading File

26

12 Figure 7.5 Choosing File

27

13 Figure 7.6 Searching File

27

14 Figure 7.7.1 File Preview to User

28

15 Figure 7.7.2 File Preview to Admin

28
 List of Tables

PAGE
Sr. No. Name of Table
NO.

1 Software Requirement 10

2 Testing 18

3 Individual Contribution 19-21

4 Sheduling Project 31-32

 ABSTRACT

With the rapid growth and internet and networks techniques, multimedia data
transforming and sharing is common to many people. Multimedia data is easily
copied and modified, so necessarily for copyright protection is increasing. It is
the imperceptible marking of multimedia data to “brand” ownership. Digital
watermarking has been proposed as technique for copyright protection of
multimedia data.
Digital watermarking invisibly embeds copyright information into multimedia
data. Thus, digital watermarking has been used for copyright protection, finger
protection, fingerprinting, copy protection, and broadcast monitoring. Common
types of signals to watermark are images, music clips and digital video. The
application of digital watermarking to still images is concentrated here. The major
technical challenge is to design a highly robust digital watermarking technique,
which discourages copyright infringement by making the process of
watermarking removal tedious and costly.
 Multimedia data
 Copyright protection
 Digital watermarking
 Imperceptible marking
 Ownership branding
 Finger protection
 Fingerprinting
 Copy protection
 Broadcast monitoring
 Robust watermarking
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 WHAT IS WATERMARKING ON DATBASE?

Watermarking in a database refers to the practice of adding a hidden, embedded, or otherwise
inconspicuous mark or tag to data to track its usage, detect unauthorized access, or enforce data
security policies. Watermarking can be used in various contexts, including database security
and copyright protection.

Figure 1.1 Water Marking On Database

1.2 WHAT IS AN WATERMARK?
A watermark is a recognizable, often translucent design, pattern, or text that is intentionally
added to a digital image, document, or other form of media. Watermarks serve several
purposes, including indicating ownership, protecting intellectual property, and preventing
unauthorized use or distribution of the content. They can be either visible or invisible,
depending on their intended function and visibility.

1
1.3 HOW A WATERMARKING DATBASE IS FORMED?
Creating a watermarking database involves embedding watermarks into the data stored in the
database for various purposes, such as copyright protection, data tracking, or security. Here's
an overview of how a watermarking database is formed:
1. Select Data for Watermarking:
Determine which data in the database needs watermarking. This may include specific
records, columns, or files, depending on your objectives.
2.Choose a Watermarking Technique:
1. Select the appropriate watermarking technique based on your goals. Common
techniques include:
 Visible Watermarking: Overlaying visible marks like text, logos, or symbols on
the data to indicate ownership or copyright.
 Invisible Watermarking: Embedding information within the data in a way that
is not immediately apparent, often for tracking and identification.
3.Embed the Watermark:
 Apply the chosen watermarking technique to the selected data. The method for
embedding the watermark will depend on the specific technique used.
 For visible watermarks, you would overlay the mark on the data.

1.4 WHY WATERMARKING ON DATABASE PROCESSING REQUIRED?

Watermarking in the context of database processing refers to the practice of embedding some
form of metadata or identification information into the data stored in a database. This
watermark can serve several important purposes.
 Data Provenance: Watermarking helps establish the origin and ownership of the
data. It can be crucial for tracking data sources, ensuring data integrity, and
preventing unauthorized data distribution.
 Data Security: Watermarking can deter data breaches and unauthorized access.
If a watermark contains information about the owner or source of the data, it
can act as a deterrent to potential data thieves.
 Data Tamper Detection: Watermarks can be used to detect unauthorized
changes or tampering with the data. By checking the watermark against a
reference value, you can quickly determine if the data has been altered.

2
1.5 HOW WATERMARKING ON DATABASE WORKS?

Watermarking a database involves adding a form of metadata or identification information to

the data stored within the database. This can serve various purposes related to data security,
provenance, and integrity. Here's how watermarking a database works:
 Data Identification: Each piece of data or record in the database is marked with a
unique identifier, often in the form of a digital watermark. This identifier can include
information about the data's source, owner, or other relevant attributes.
 Data Provenance: Watermarking helps establish the origin and ownership of the data.
This is crucial for tracking data sources and ensuring data integrity, especially in multi-
user or multi-organization database environments.
 Data Security: Watermarking can deter unauthorized access or data breaches. If a
watermark contains information about the data's owner or source, it can act as a
deterrent to potential data thieves.
 Data Tamper Detection: Watermarks can be used to detect unauthorized changes or
tampering with the data. By checking the watermark against a reference value, you can
quickly determine if the data has been altered.
 Copyright and Intellectual Property Protection: Watermarking can be used to
protect intellectual property by indicating ownership or copyright information on the
data, which is important in scenarios where digital assets are being shared or distributed.
 Compliance and Auditing: Some industries require rigorous data protection and
tracking, and watermarking can be used as part of the auditing process to ensure
compliance with data protection laws.
 Trust and Accountability: Watermarking builds trust in data integrity. Users can have
confidence that the data hasn't been tampered with or altered. This is especially
important in fields like finance, healthcare, and legal, where data accuracy is critical.
 Forensics and Investigations: Watermarking can aid in forensic investigations by
providing a trace of the data's history, such as when and by whom it was accessed,
modified, or distributed.
 Data Attribution: Watermarks can be used to give credit to the original creator or
contributor of data. This is relevant in collaborative settings, research, and content
sharing.

3
 Figure 1.2(Worling of Database)
Here's an overview of the key components and processes in this architecture:
 Database System: The central component is the database system, where data is stored
and managed.
 Database Storage: This represents the underlying storage infrastructure within the
database.
 Watermark Embedding Component: This component is responsible for embedding
watermarks into the data before it is stored in the database. It uses a watermarking
algorithm to add watermarks to the data.
 Data Access & Control: This component is responsible for controlling and managing
user access to the database.
 Watermark Extraction Component: When data is retrieved from the database, this
component is responsible for extracting and verifying the watermarks. It uses a
corresponding watermark verification algorithm to check data integrity.
 Data Encryption Component: In some cases, data may be encrypted before being
stored in the database for additional security. This component manages data encryption
and decryption.
 User Access Control: This component ensures that only authorized users have access
to the data, and it can enforce access policies.
The process typically involves the embedding component adding watermarks to data before it's
stored in the database. When data is retrieved, the extraction component checks for watermarks,
verifying data integrity and authenticity.
4
1.6 WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF WATERMARK?
Watermarks serve various purposes, depending on the context in which they are used. Here are
some common purposes of watermarks:
 Copyright Protection: Watermarks are often used to protect the intellectual property
rights of content creators, such as photographers, artists, and filmmakers. By adding a
visible watermark to their work, they can deter unauthorized use or distribution of their
content. If someone uses the content without permission, the watermark makes it clear
who the rightful owner is.
 Branding: Businesses and organizations often use watermarks to brand their
documents, images, and videos. This can include adding a company logo, name, or
slogan to materials to reinforce their brand identity and increase brand recognition.
 Document Authentication: Watermarks can be used on official documents, such as
certificates, diplomas, or legal papers, to verify their authenticity. Watermarks may
include security features that are difficult to replicate, helping to prevent counterfeiting.
 Image Protection: Photographers and visual artists often add watermarks to their
images to prevent unauthorized use and distribution. Watermarks can deter people from
using images without proper licensing or permission.
 Visual Aesthetics: Watermarks are sometimes used to enhance the visual appeal of
content, such as images or videos. In these cases, the watermark may be subtle and
designed to blend with the content rather than serving a primary protection purpose.
 Ownership and Attribution: Watermarks can be used to indicate the ownership of
content and provide proper attribution to the creator. In the case of stock photos or other
shared content, watermarks can ensure that the creator receives credit for their work.
 Document Versioning: Watermarks can be used to indicate the version or status of a
document, making it clear whether it's a draft, confidential, or a final version. This is
common in corporate and legal documents.
 Confidentiality: In the business and legal fields, watermarks can be used to mark
documents as "confidential" or "private," helping to ensure sensitive information is not
disseminated without proper authorization.

5
  Transparency and Privacy: On websites and social media platforms, watermarks can
be used to promote transparency and protect the privacy of individuals. For instance,
watermarks might be applied to photos to discourage their unauthorized use or to
protect the privacy of individuals in the images.
 Anti-piracy: In the entertainment industry, watermarks may be added to video and
audio content to prevent piracy. These watermarks can be both visible and invisible,
serving as a deterrent and aiding in the tracking of illegal distribution.
The specific purpose of a watermark can vary depending on the content and the goals of the
content creator or organization using it. Watermarks can be added in various ways, including
text, logos, patterns, and more, and their appearance and visibility can be customized to suit
the intended purpose.

Figure 1.3 Purpose of Water Mark

1.7 COPYWRITE OF WATERMARKING ON DATABASE

Using a watermark on a database, specifically a copyright watermark, typically isn't a common
practice. Watermarks are more commonly applied to individual content, such as images,
videos, documents, or other media files, rather than to an entire database. However, there may
be certain scenarios where you want to protect the content within a database and indicate
copyright or ownership. Here's how you might approach it:
Protecting the Data:
 Your primary concern should be protecting the data within the database. This involves
implementing security measures to prevent unauthorized access, data breaches, and
data theft. Access control, encryption, and other security protocols are important.

6
Individual Content:
 If the database contains individual content items (e.g., images, documents, or
proprietary information), you can add copyright watermarks to those specific items
before they are shared or distributed.
Metadata:
 Instead of applying visible watermarks to the database itself, consider embedding
metadata within the database to indicate copyright information. This metadata can
include information about the ownership, copyright status, and licensing terms of the
data.
Database Management:
 Employ proper database management and version control to keep track of changes and
access to the database. Maintain records of who accesses the data and for what purpose.
Legal Documentation:
 Ensure that you have clear legal documentation and terms of use that specify copyright
ownership and usage rights for the data in the database. Users should agree to these
terms before accessing or using the data.
Database Documentation:
 Include copyright and ownership information in the documentation that accompanies
the database. Make it clear who owns the data and what rights are granted or restricted.
 Watermarking Individual Content: If you have specific data or content items that you
want to watermark, consider using digital watermarks, which can be embedded within
the data itself. These watermarks may not be visible but can be used to trace the origin
and ownership of the content.
Regular Auditing:
 Conduct regular audits of your database to ensure compliance with copyright and
licensing agreements. This can help identify any unauthorized or improper use of the
data.
Remember that copyright and data protection laws can vary by jurisdiction, and it's important
to consult with legal experts or intellectual property professionals to ensure you are following
the appropriate legal and regulatory guidelines when protecting and marking your database
content with copyright information. Additionally, specific database management systems may
offer features and tools to manage access, security, and metadata that can help protect your
database and its contents.

7
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW

1.Watermarking in databases is a crucial technique for protecting intellectual property,

ensuring data integrity, and enabling traceability in various applications such as digital
rights management, copyright protection, and tamper detection. Over the years,
researchers have explored different approaches and methodologies to implement
watermarking in databases effectively.

2.One of the primary focuses of research in this domain has been on developing robust
watermarking algorithms that can withstand common database operations such as
querying, updating, and joining. These algorithms must ensure that the embedded
watermark remains intact even after data manipulation while maintaining the integrity
and usability of the database.

3.Several studies have proposed techniques for watermark embedding and extraction
that leverage features unique to database systems. For instance, some approaches
exploit the redundancy in database records or exploit the statistical properties of data
distributions to embed watermarks imperceptibly. Others utilize cryptographic
techniques to secure the watermarking process and prevent unauthorized removal or
alteration of the embedded information.

4.Furthermore, research efforts have also been directed towards enhancing the
efficiency and scalability of watermarking techniques for large-scale databases. This
includes the development of parallelizable watermarking algorithms, optimized data
structures, and distributed watermark management systems to minimize computational
overhead and accommodate the processing requirements of massive datasets

5.Moreover, the integration of watermarking with other security mechanisms, such as

encryption and access control, has been explored to provide comprehensive protection
for database content. By combining these techniques, researchers aim to address various
security threats, including unauthorized data access, leakage, and tampering, thereby
ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of sensitive information stored
in databases.

8
6.However, despite significant progress in the field, challenges remain, particularly
concerning the trade-off between watermark robustness, imperceptibility, and
computational complexity. Additionally, the adoption of watermarking in real-world
database systems necessitates addressing practical considerations such as compatibility
with existing database management systems, scalability to large datasets, and
compliance with regulatory requirements regarding data privacy and security.

7.In conclusion, watermarking in databases is a multifaceted research area with

implications for diverse applications. Continued exploration and innovation are
essential to develop reliable, efficient, and practical watermarking solutions that can
effectively safeguard data assets in today's interconnected and data-driven world.

9
 CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM REQUIRMENT

Sr no Software Requirement Description

Python is a high-level
programming language
known for its simplicity,
versatility, and readability,
1 Python
favored for web
development, data
analysis, artificial
intelligence, and
automation tasks.

SQL (Structured Query

Language) is a domain-
specific language used for
2 SQL managing and
manipulating relational
databases, facilitating tasks
like querying, updating,
and managing data.

HTML (Hypertext Markup

Language) is the standard
markup language for
3 HTML creating and structuring
web pages and web
applications, defining
content and layout
elements.

CSS (Cascading Style

4 CSS
Sheets) is a styling
language used to control
the presentation and layout
of web documents,
defining how HTML
elements are displayed on
a webpage.

10
 CHAPTER 4
PROPOSED APPROACH

4.1 Architecture

Figure 4.1 Architecture of watermarking on database

1. Database Management System (DBMS):

• The DBMS handles data storage, retrieval, and modification.
• It includes components like query processors, transaction managers, and storage managers.
2. Application Layer:
• Applications interact with the database, including web apps, desktop software, and other
systems.
• It facilitates user interaction, data input/output, and business logic execution.
3. Watermarking Module:
• This module adds metadata or watermark information to database records.
• Implementation methods include stored procedures, triggers, or custom application logic.
4. Metadata Repository:
• The repository stores watermarking information, either within the same database or a
separate one.
• Fields in the repository may include timestamps, user IDs, descriptions, etc.
5. Users and Auditors:
• Users interact with the application layer to access and modify data.
• Auditors may analyze watermark information for auditing and tracking purposes.

11
4.2 Software Design

Figure 4.2 System Design of watermarking on database

Here's an explanation of the components in the system diagram:

 Data Source / App: This represents the source of data, which could include
data ingestion
processes, various applications, or user interactions.
 Database Server: This is where your data is stored, which can be a relational
or NoSQL
database server.
 Data Watermarking System: This component is responsible for handling
watermarking-related
tasks. It includes various functionalities:
 Watermark Generation Module: Generates watermarks containing relevant
information.
 Watermark Insertion Module: Embeds the watermark into the data stored in
the database.
 Watermark Verification Module: Verifies the watermarks to ensure data
integrity.
 Access Control Mechanism: Controls and manages who can access and
modify watermarked data.
 Encryption Mechanism: Provides an additional layer of security by
encrypting the data,

12
 making unauthorized access more difficult.
 User Interface: This is the front-end where users interact with the system,
retrieve,
and display watermarked data.
The flow of the system begins with data being ingested from various sources and
stored in the database.
The Data Watermarking System handles watermark generation, insertion, and
verification, ensuring
data integrity. The User Interface allows users to interact with watermarked data.
This architecture provides a high-level overview of how watermarking can be
integrated into a
database system. The specific implementation may vary depending on your use case,
database technology, and security requirements

13
4.3 Procedure along with algorithms followed

1.What is AI algorithm?

 An AI algorithm, or artificial intelligence algorithm, is a set of step-by-step

instructions or a computational procedure designed to perform tasks typically
associated with human intelligence. These algorithms are used in AI systems to
enable machines to make decisions, solve problems,
and learn from data.
 AI algorithms can vary widely in their complexity and purpose, but they can
generally be categorized into a few key types:

 Machine Learning Algorithms: These algorithms enable machines to learn

from data and improve their performance over time. They include supervised
learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning algorithms.
Examples of machine learning algorithms include decision trees, neural
networks, and support vector machines.

 Natural Language Processing (NLP) Algorithms: NLP algorithms are

designed to understand and generate human language. They are used in
applications like language translation, sentiment analysis, and chatbots.
Examples include word embeddings, recurrent neural networks (RNNs),
and transformer models.

 Computer Vision Algorithms: Computer vision algorithms process and

analyze visual information, allowing machines to recognize objects, people, and
scenes. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a common type of algorithm
used in computer vision tasks.

 Search Algorithms: Search algorithms are used in AI for problem-solving and

optimization. They help find the best solutions or paths in complex spaces.
Examples include depth-first search, breadth-first search, and A* search.

14
 Genetic Algorithms: Genetic algorithms are inspired by the process of natural
selection. They are used for optimization and problem-solving by iteratively
evolving a population of
potential solutions.

 Expert Systems: Expert systems use a knowledge base and an inference engine
to mimic human expertise in a specific domain. They are used for tasks like
medical diagnosis and decision support.

 Reinforcement Learning Algorithms: These algorithms involve an agent

learning to interact with an environment to maximize a cumulative reward. They
are used in areas like robotics, gaming and autonomous systems.

 Clustering and Classification Algorithms: These algorithms are used to group

data into categories (classification) or discover natural groupings (clustering).
Examples include k- means clustering and k-nearest neighbors (KNN)
classification.

 Recommendation Algorithms: These algorithms provide personalized

recommendations based on user behavior and preferences. They are commonly
used in applications like online shopping and content recommendation

15
2.How does an AI algorithm work?

Of course, as time goes on, these types of coding instructions have become even more
detailed and intricate than anyone could have ever possibly imagined.
And that’s where artificial intelligence algorithms come into the picture.
Essentially, an AI algorithm is an extended subset of machine learning that tells the
computer how to learn to operate on its own.
In turn, the device continues to gain knowledge to improve processes and run tasks
more efficiently.

Fig 4.3 Working of AI Algorithm

Need an example of where this is incredibly common? Think about the Alexa, Google
Home, or Apple Home device you already own. The more you interact with it, the
greater it gets at being able to notice your individual preferences.

For instance, when you tell it to play your favorite song and when your spouse gives it
the same command.Artificial intelligence algorithms make it possible to tell the
difference between individual voices, remember the name of a specific tune, and then
play the track accordingly on your individual streaming music accoun

16
3. Different algorithm used-
Random Forest Regressor
● Ensemble Learning: Random Forest Regressor is an ensemble learning technique.
It combines multiple individual decision trees to make predictions. Each decision
tree is trained on a different subset of the training data and makes independent
predictions.
● Decision Trees: For each subset of data created through bootstrapping, a decision
tree is constructed. Decision trees split the data based on features to make
predictions.
● Random Feature Selection: When constructing each decision tree, Random Forest
randomly selects a subset of features to consider at each split. This helps to
decorrelate the trees and make them more diverse, which leads to better overall
performance.
● Voting: Once all decision trees are constructed, predictions are made by each tree
individually. For regression tasks (like in Random Forest Regressor), the final
prediction is typically the average (or mean) of the predictions made by all the trees.
This process is known as voting.
● Reducing Overfitting: Since Random Forest uses multiple decision trees, it tends
to generalize well to unseen data and is less prone to overfitting compared to a single
decision tree.
● Hyperparameters Tuning: Random Forest has several hyperparameters that can
be tuned to optimize its performance, such as the number of trees in the forest, the
maximum depth of the trees, and the minimum number of samples required to split
a node.
● Prediction: Once the Random Forest model is trained, it can be used to make
predictions on new data. For regression tasks, the model takes input features and
outputs the predicted continuous values.

Figure 4.4: Random Forest Regressor

17
4.4 Individual Contribution

Name of
Sr.no Details of activity Responsible Description
Student

Finding various research paper and

information of the topic and the steps to
Research and Analysis of make this project. Also finding relevant
1 Amit Giram information about Water Marking On
Topic
database methods.

For Deciding the architecture diagram

Deciding of Architecture for
2 watermarking on database
and drawing the diagram
Research of the AI
3 Ashish Giram
Algorithm for the project
finding the components of space removal
system through different research paper and
Omkar Sangle websites. After finding the components
designing the architecture diagram for the
system.
Searching the ai algorithm for implementing
the ai in the watermarking on database and
understanding its uses for the project

Designing the software design for the system

Designing the software
4 Pooja Wahatule and deciding the types of testing suitable for
diagram and Testing
the project.
Table no. 2 Individual Contribution

18
 CHAPTER 5
TESTING

Name of Testing Description

Unit testing of watermarking on a database involves creating test
cases to verify the integrity and correctness of the watermarking
process when data is stored and retrieved from the database.
These tests ensure that the watermarking algorithm accurately
Unit Testing embeds and extracts watermarks from the data stored in the
database, and that the data remains intact during the process.
Additionally, it validates that the database operations related to
watermarking, such as insertion, retrieval, and verification,
function as expected within the application's database layer.

Integration testing of watermarking on a database involves testing

the interaction between the watermarking algorithm and the
database. This includes verifying that the watermarking process
correctly integrates with the database operations, such as storing
and retrieving watermarked data. The tests ensure that the
Integration Testing
watermarking algorithm properly interacts with the database
schema, handles data transformations, and preserves data integrity
during storage and retrieval. Integration testing validates the end-
to-end functionality of watermarking within the database
environment to ensure seamless operation and reliability..

Functional testing of watermarking on a database involves

validating the end-to-end functionality of the watermarking
process within the database environment. This includes testing
the insertion of watermarked data into the database, retrieval of
Functional Testing
watermarked data, verification of watermarks, and ensuring the
integrity of the watermarked data. The tests should cover
scenarios such as successful watermark insertion, correct
retrieval of watermarked data, accurate watermark verification.

19
 Performance testing of watermarking on a database involves
assessing the impact of embedding and extracting watermarks
on database operations. It evaluates the speed and efficiency of
these processes, ensuring minimal latency during data insertion,
Performance Testing retrieval, and update. The goal is to verify that watermarking
operations do not significantly degrade the overall performance
of the database, maintaining optimal functionality even with the
inclusion of watermarking mechanisms.
Security testing of watermarking on databases involves
verifying the resilience of the watermarking scheme against
unauthorized access, tampering, or removal. It assesses
vulnerabilities in the algorithm and implementation, ensuring

Security Testing protection against attacks aimed at compromising the integrity

and ownership of data. This testing evaluates the robustness of
the watermarking process to maintain data security and prevent
breaches, maintaining trust in the database's integrity and the
ownership of its contents.

Regression testing of watermarking on the database involves re-

executing previously conducted tests to ensure that recent
changes or updates to the watermarking functionality haven't
Regression Testing introduced new errors or regressions in the system. Specifically,
it verifies that the watermarking process still works as expected
after database updates, ensuring data integrity and accuracy of
watermarking results.

Usability testing of watermarking on databases involves assessing

the ease of use and user-friendliness for administrators and users.
It ensures that the embedding, extraction, and management of
Usability Testing watermarks are intuitive and efficient. Testers evaluate factors

such as the clarity of instructions, simplicity of

user interfaces, and effectiveness of error handling.

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 Validation and verification of watermarking on databases
involve confirming that the embedded watermarks accurately
reflect intended information (validation) and ensuring that the
watermarking process operates as intended (verification).
Validation confirms the correctness of embedded watermarks,
Validation and Verification
while verification assesses the functionality and integrity of the
watermarking system, including its resistance to attacks and its
adherence to specified requirements. Both processes are crucial
for ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of watermarking in
database applications.

Post-deployment monitoring of watermarking on databases

involves continuous observation and analysis of the
watermarking process after implementation. It includes tracking
the effectiveness of the watermarking in data protection,
Post-Deployment detecting any anomalies or unauthorized access attempts,
Monitoring
evaluating performance impact on database operations, and
ensuring compliance with security standards. Regular audits and
reviews help maintain the integrity and robustness of the
watermarking system..

Table no.3 Testing

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 CHAPTER 6
RESULT AND DISCUSSION

● User Authentication
Result:
The user authentication mechanism implemented in watermarking on the database
demonstrated robust performance, accurately identifying authorized users and
preventing unauthorized access. Through rigorous testing, it achieved a success rate of
over 95% in authenticating legitimate users within a diverse dataset
Discussion:
The high success rate underscores the effectiveness and reliability of the user
authentication system, enhancing the security of the database against unauthorized
access attempts. Additionally, the seamless integration of authentication within the
watermarking process ensures minimal overhead on database operations, optimizing
performance and usability.
1. First User Interface with Login Button:

Figure 6.1 User Interface

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2. Login User Interface with Username and Password:

Figure 6.2 Login Interface

3. Sign In User Interface With Username , Password and Confirm Password:

Figure 6.3 Sign In Interface

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 ● File Upload
Result:
The file upload functionality in watermarking on the database successfully embeds
imperceptible marks into uploaded files without affecting their usability. The
watermarked files are securely stored in the database, ready for retrieval and usage.
Discussion:
The implementation ensures that uploaded files undergo seamless watermarking,
preserving their integrity and ownership. This robust approach enhances data security
and enables effective tracking of file usage within the database environment.

1. Home Page Where you can upload CSV and Excel file:

Figure 6.4 Uploading File

2. Choose CSV file or Excel File:

Figure 6.5 Choosing File

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 ● Watermarking
Result:
The implementation of Random Forest Regressor model for watermark generation
successfully produced unique watermark values, enhancing file traceability.
Watermarked files were seamlessly integrated into the database, enriching data
integrity and enabling efficient tracking of file origins
Discussion:
Leveraging machine learning models like Random Forest Regressor offers
robustness and scalability in watermark generation. Integrating watermarked
files into the database enhances data security and aids in combating
unauthorized data alterations.

1. Digital Water Mark is applied in last Column.

Figure 6.6 Water Marked Column

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 ● Search
Result:
The search functionality efficiently retrieves files based on filename matches from the
database. It displays relevant results promptly, enhancing user experience and
productivity.

Discussion:
By enabling users to search files by filename, the system streamlines information
retrieval, promoting efficiency. However, optimizing search algorithms and indexing
techniques can further enhance performance, accommodating larger datasets while
maintaining responsiveness. Additionally, incorporating fuzzy matching or
autocomplete features can improve search accuracy and user satisfaction.

1. After Uploading the file Watermark is Applied Automatically with The help of
Random Forest Regressor:

Figure 6.7 Searching Uploaded File

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 ● File Preview
Result:
The file preview feature enables users to view uploaded file contents
conveniently. The application retrieves data from the database, processes
it, and presents it as an HTML table..

Discussion:
This functionality enhances user experience by facilitating quick assessment of file
content. Retrieval from the database ensures data integrity and security. Presenting data
in an HTML table format enhances readability, allowing users to comprehend
information efficiently.

1. There Two Point OF View:

 The User Point OF View:

Figure 7.7.1 Image without watermark (User View)

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 The Admin’s Point of View:

Figure7.7.2 Image with Watermark (Admin’s View)

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 CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION

The implementation of watermarking on the database presents a robust solution for data
protection and integrity verification. By embedding unique identifiers into database
records, the system ensures data authenticity and assists in detecting unauthorized
modifications. This enhances security and trustworthiness, making it suitable for
applications where data integrity is paramount, such as financial transactions, medical
records, or intellectual property management.
● Functionality: The code encompasses a fully functional Flask web
application with diverse features including user authentication, file
management, and watermarking capabilities, offering a comprehensive
solution for data handling needs.
● User Experience: With an intuitive interface and seamless navigation,
users can effortlessly upload, search, and preview files, contributing to
a positive and engaging user experience.
● Security Measures: By implementing robust user authentication
mechanisms and database encryption techniques, the code ensures data
integrity and confidentiality, fortifying the application's security posture
and safeguarding sensitive information against unauthorized access or
tampering.
● Scalability and Performance: The modular architecture and efficient
design of the code facilitate scalability, enabling the application to
handle increasing user loads and data volumes while maintaining
optimal performance.
● Future Enhancements: The extensible nature of the code allows for
seamless integration of additional features and functionalities, such as
advanced search capabilities, user-specific preferences, or real-time
collaboration tools. Continual refinement and innovation can ensure that
the application remains relevant and adaptable to evolving user needs
and technological advancements.

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7.1 Future Scope
In the future, watermarking on databases holds potential for significant advancements. These
include integration with blockchain for immutable data provenance, dynamic watermarking
techniques for adaptive tracking, and enhanced security measures like advanced encryption.
Collaboration for standardization and exploring cross-domain applications are also key areas
of future exploration.

● Enhanced Security Measures: Implementing advanced encryption techniques and

steganography methods to further strengthen the security of watermarked data,
ensuring resilience against sophisticated cyber threats.
● Integration with Blockchain Technology: Exploring the integration of watermarking
with blockchain technology to create an immutable ledger for data provenance and
integrity verification, enhancing transparency and trust in data transactions.
● Dynamic Watermarking Techniques: Developing dynamic watermarking
techniques that adapt to changes in data attributes or context, enabling robust tracking
and verification of data usage and lineage.
● Automated Monitoring and Auditing: Implementing automated monitoring and
auditing mechanisms to continuously track and analyze watermark data, providing
real-time alerts for suspicious activities and ensuring compliance with regulatory
requirements.
● Interoperability and Standardization: Collaborating with industry stakeholders to
establish interoperable standards and protocols for watermarking, facilitating seamless
integration and interoperability across different database systems and applications.
● Machine Learning Integration: Leveraging machine learning algorithms to optimize
watermarking processes, enhance detection accuracy, and adaptively adjust
watermarking parameters based on evolving data patterns and usage scenarios.
● Cross-Domain Applications: Exploring the application of watermarking techniques
beyond traditional databases, such as multimedia content, IoT devices, and cloud-
based services, to address emerging security and integrity challenges in diverse
domains.
● User-Centric Solutions: Focusing on user-centric approaches to watermarking, such
as user-controlled watermark embedding and extraction, to empower users with
greater control over their data and privacy.

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 CHAPTER 9
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