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FROM DAPI
TANTOTRI
ALI
NFORTSANTI
AGO
LessonObj
ect
ives:
Wheny
ouf
ini
shr
eadi
ngt
hischapt
er,
youshoul
dbeabl
eto;
1.Underst
andt
hev
ari
ousact
ivi
ti
esandcont
ri
but
ionsofJoseRi
zaldur
inghi
sexi
l
ein
Dapi
tan
2.Analyzetheevent
sleadingf
rom JoseRi
zal
'
sdepar
tur
efr
om Dapi
tant
ohi
str
ialand
executi
oninFortSant
iago
3.Refl
ectonJoseRi zal
'
sfinalmessages,hi
sadvocacyforapeacef
ulr
esol
uti
on,and
theconsequencesofhi
swr i
ti
ngsonthecoloni
algover
nment
.

I
ntr
oduct
ion
Thisrepor tunravelsthepi votalchapteri nPhi l
i
ppi nehi storymarkedbyt heexi l
e
ofDr .JoseRi zal
,ar everednat i
onalher o,from t het ranqui lshor esofDapi t
ant ot he
harrowingtr i
alwi thi
nt hewal l
sofFor tSant iago.Spanni ngf rom July17,1892,t o
December30,1896,t hisnar rati
v edelvesi ntot hei ntricatet apest
ryofev entst hat
shapedRi zal'sexileperiod,explor i
nghi ssigni ficantcont r
ibut i
onsi nDapitanandt he
tumultuousj ourneythatculmi natedi naf at
ef ult ri
al.Aswet raversethelandscapesof
exil
eandwi tnesst heunf oldi
ngdr amal eadingt oFor tSant iago,wegai ninsightinto
Rizal'
sresi
li
ence,hi simpactont hecommuni ty ,andt hepr ofoundconsequencesofhi s
i
deal s on the st r
ugglef orPhi lippi
ne sov erei gnty.Thi sj our neyunfolds againsta
backdropofpol i
ti
calturmoi l
,per sonalsacrifices,andar elentlesspursui
tofj usti
ce,
painti
ngapoi gnantportrai
tofDr .JoseRi zal
'
sendur inglegacy .

Body
JoseRizal,aherointhePhi li
ppines,hadat oughjourneyf r
om Dapit
ant oFor t
Sant i
ago.Dapit
ani satownl ocatedinMi ndanao,whi chservesasanout postoft he
SpaniardshereinthePhil
i
ppines.I
ti stheplacethatwit
nessedRi zal
’sf
atefr
om July17,
1892,t oJul
y31,1896,whi chcoversupt o4y earsand13day s.Duri
nghisexil
eher e,
Rizalbecamecl osewit
hCapt ai
nRi cardoCar ni
ceroforall
owinghi mtoroam theplace
ont hecondi
ti
ont hatRi
zalwouldrelayhisactivi
ti
esinhisoffi
ceonceaweek.
 OnJul
y6,1892,hewasor
der
edt
obedepor
tedatDapi
tanbecauseoft
he
Spanishgov ernment '
ssuspi cionthathewasi nv ol
vedi nther ebellion.Andt hen,
Rizalar ri
vedatDapi tanonJul y17,1896.Dur i
nghi sexileinDapi tan, hedidmany
good t hingsl iketeachi ng,f arming,and hel pi ng peoplewi tht heirhealth.In
Dapi t
an,hecont i
nuedst udy i
ngmedi ci
ne,doi ngr esearch,andexpr essi
nghi s
talentsi nsculptur
e,pai nti
ng, sketching,andpoet ry
.Heal soest ablishedaschool
forboy s,i
niti
atedv ariouscommuni t
ypr oj
ects,andcomposedapoem t i
tl
ed" A
DonRi cardoCar ni
cer o"asagi f
tforCapt ai
nCar ni
cero'
sbirthday .Besidesthese,
he hel ped peopl e wi thf armi ng,and busi ness,and ev en inv ented wooden
equipmentf ormaki ngbr icks.Heal sowont hel ott
ery,heusedt hemoneyt obuy

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ronment,r
esponsi
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nancewithsustainabler
esourcegener
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on:Toprovideexcel
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ch,extensi
onandpr oductionthatmagnifi
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pt hr
ough
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tyManagementSy st
em responsivetothechall
engesofthe21stcenturyeducati
on.
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ichi
ngLi
vesandExpandi
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tuni
ti
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thWI
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unkl
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l
and i n Tal i
say,where he buil
ta house,a cl inic,and a school .Rizalwas
consistent lyacti
ve,wri
t i
ngpoems,operatinginhi smot her'
sey es,st
udy i
ngplants
formedi cinaluse,creatingalargemapofMi ndanao,dev i
singawat ersystem,
andi nstal l
inglamppost sineverycornerofDapi tan.Ami dstal
lt hi
s,henev er
for
gott owr iteandshar ehi
sdail
yacti
v i
ti
eswi thBl ument r
it
t.Rizalbecameknown
i
nDapi tanasanexcel lentopht
halmologist,at
tr acti
ngGeor geTauf f
erfrom Hong
Kong,who had an ey e ai
lment.Tauff ercame wi t
h his adopt ed daughter
,
Josephi neBr acken,whol at
erbecameRi zal'
swi fedespit
eobj ecti
onsf rom the
churchandt heirrel
ati
ves.Theychosetol i
vetoget herandhadasonwhom t hey
namedFr ancisco,andthiswashisli
feinDapi tan.
 OnAugust1,
1896,
Rizall
eftDapi
tanandheadedt
oMani
l
atot
rav
elt
oSpai
nasa
volunteersurgeonf ortheCubanYel l
owFev erhospi tals.Beforethat,hewr otea
requesttoGov ernorGener alRamonBl ancoaski ngf orper missi
ont ogot oCuba
andv olunteer.OnJul y30,1896,Bl ancogr antedhi sr equest,sohedepar t
edon
August1.Onhi swayt oMani la,
Rizalvisi
tedv ariouspl aces,i
ncludi
ngDumaguet e
toseeaf ormercl assmat efrom Madr i
d.Heal sopassedt hroughCebu, wherehe
perfor
medf oursur geriesandpr ovidedpr escripti
ons.Het ravel
edt hroughIloi
lo,
admi r
ingt heMol oChur ch,andpassedt hroughRoxas,Capi zCity
,andRombl on
beforearrivi
ngi nMani laonAugust6.
 Fr
om August7t
oSept
ember3,1896,JoséRi
zalwasont
heSpani
shcr
uiser
Castil
l
ai n Manila Bay ,conf i
ned t o hiscabi n asa pr i
soner.Whi l
ei solated,
Kati
puner osplannedar evoltagai nstSpani shaut hori
ti
es,discoveredt hr
ough
TeodoroPat i
no'sconf essiont oMar ianoGi l.Thisledt ot hear r
estofsome
Kati
puner os.Andr esBoni facio,t heKat i
punanl eader,immedi at
elystartedt he
armed r evolt
,sy mbol i
zing t heircommi tmentby t eari
ng theircedul a.The
Kati
puner osattackedt heCi vilGuar dsi nPasi g,r
esult
ingin150deat hsandov er
200ar rests.Rizalwast hent ranspor tedt ot heship" I
sladePanay "boundf or
Spain.Dur i
ngt hej ourney ,Gov ernor -
Gener alRamonBl ancoandt heMi nist
erof
WarCol oniesplannedt oar restRizaluponhi sar r
ivali
nBar cel
ona.Uponr eaching
Egypt,Rizalwrotet oBlument rit
t,ment ioningher eceiv
edawar r
antofarrestf r
om
Governor-GeneralRamonBl anco.I nMal ta,hewasof f
ici
all
yorderedtostayi nhi s
cabi
nbyGener al EulogioDespuj ol,themi li
tarycommanderofBar cel
ona.
 OnOct
ober6,
1896,
Rizal
wast
akent
oMont
jui
chCast
ledungeonuponar
ri
vi
ngi
n
Barcel
ona.Onthesameday ,hewassentbacktoManila.Thi
smarkedhisfinal
homecoming.Uponr eachingManil
a,Rizalwasdet
ainedi ntheFortSanti
ago
dungeon.Togatherevidence,Ri
zal
'
sfri
ends,membersofLaLi gaFil
ipi
na,and
evenhisbrot
herPaci
anower etor
tur
ed.
 OnDecember3,1896,whi
l
einFor
tSant
iago,Ri
zalst
art
edcr
eat
inghi
sgr
eat
est
poem,lat
ernamed" MyLastFar ewell
"or" Mi Ulti
moAdi os"andconceal edwithan
al
coholcookinglamp.Ont hesameday ,hef acedchargesoft reason,sedit
ion,
andformingill
egalsociet
ies.Treasoni nvolvesbeingpar tofawaragai nstthe
count
ryorbet r
ayi
ngy ournationtoov erthrowt hegov er
nment .Sediti
onisusing
wordsorspeechest ooppose,ov ert
hrow,orobst r
uctagov ernment.Duri
ngt hi
s
ti
me,theprosecuti
onclaimedt hatRizalwasr esponsiblefortheactionsofthose
whoreadhiswr i
ti
ngs.

Vision:Anadvancedandadaptiveuniversi
typursuingquali
tyeducat
ion,l
if
elonggender -
sensi
ti
velearni
ngenvi
ronment,r
esponsi
ve
research-
basedcommuni t
yprogramsandt ransparentgover
nancewithsustainabler
esourcegener
ationby2025.
Mi ssi
on:Toprovideexcel
lenceininstruct
ion,resear
ch,extensi
onandpr oductionthatmagnifi
esWI SDOM inleader
shi
pt hr
ough
Tot al
Quali
tyManagementSy st
em responsivetothechall
engesofthe21stcenturyeducati
on.
Educat
ingPeopl
e,Enr
ichi
ngLi
vesandExpandi
ngOppor
tuni
ti
eswi
thWI
SDOM!
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unkl
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 OnDecember12,1896,Ri
zalappear
sinacour
troom wher
ethej
udgesmakeno
ef
forttocheckthosewhocr youtforhisdeat
h.Hewasaccusedofbei ngt
he
mainorgani
zeroftherev
olut
ion.Hepl
eadednotgui
l
tyandexpl
ainedt
hatLaLi
ga
Fi
li
pinai
sjustasimplesoci
etyofci
ti
zens.
 OnDecember15,1896.I
nhi
stal
k,Ri
zalunder
stoodt
hatf
ight
ingagai
nstt
he
Spanishr ul
ewasn'tworking.Hesai dthesi t
uationwast oughandaskedhi s
fel
low Fil
ipi
nostothinkaboutadi ff
erentplan.Rizalbeli
ev edt
hatiftheykept
fi
ghti
ng,itwouldonlybr i
ngmor esufferi
ngwi thoutreachingthei
rgoals.Rizal
tel
li
ngev ery
onet ost
opf i
ghtingshowedhow muchhecar edaboutt heFil
ipi
no
people.Eventhoughhewasi nexil
eandf acingahar dli
fe,hewantedapeacef ul
solut
ion.Hismessagemadesensebecauseheknew t hewor l
d'sreal
i
tiesand
thatt
heyneededabet ter
,last
ingwaytobei ndependent.
 OnDecember26,1896.Hi
swr
it
ings,par
ti
cul
arl
y"Nol
iMeTanger
e"and "
El
Fil
ibuster
ismo, "wer econsideredsedi ti
ousbyt hecol onialauthorit
ies,andhi s
i
deasf uelledt heaspir
ati
onsoft hegr owingnat i
onal istmov ement .TheSpani sh
courtsaidRi zalwasguilt
yofst i
rringupt rouble,usi ngachar gecal l
edsedi t
ionto
quietdownpeopl ewhodi sagreedwi thcolonialr
ul e.Thi sdecisi
onshowedt hatat
thattime,t herewasal otoft ensionbecauseofwhatRi zalwr oteanddi dto
demandchangesandr evealtheunf airthingshappeni ngunderSpani shcont r
ol.
Thecour tdidn'tjustst
opatsay i
nghewasgui l
ty;theyal sogav ehim av eryharsh
punishment–hewassent encedt odeat hbyexecut i
on.Whent hecour tdecided,
i
tf i
redupt hepeopl efi
ghtingf orf reedom.Knowi ngt hatRizalwasgoi ngtobe
executedsoonbecameapower fulcalltoact i
on.I tmadeFi l
ipi
nosev enmor e
determinedt ost andupagai nstt heSpani shr ulers,andi tbr oughtev eryone
togethertof i
ghtagainstunfairtreatment .
 On December28,1896.The aut
hor
it
ies det
ermi
ned t
hatRi
zalwoul
dface
executionbymusket ry,aform offiri
ngsquad.Thi smethodofpuni shmentwas
chosen to carr
youtt he severe sentence imposed on Ri zalforhi sal leged
i
nv ol
vementinsedi ti
onandact ivi
sm agai nsttheSpanishcol onialgov ernment.
Thet opSpanishl eaderinthePhi l
i
ppines,Gov er
norCami l
loPol avieja,gavet he
thumbsupt oRi zal
'sdeathsentence.Thi smeantheof f
iciall
yagr eedwi t
ht he
decisi
ont oexecut eRizal.Hi
sappr ovalmadet heexecutionmor eof fici
aland
showed t hat the col oni
algov ernment was ser i
ous about st opping any
disagreementandkeepi ngcontr
ol.
 Teodor
aAl
onzo,JoseRi
zal
'
smom,di
dsomet
hingemot
ional
.Shewr
oteal
ett
er
totheGov ernor
-General
,askinghimtobekindandnotlethersonbeexecuted.
Shebeggedf ormer cy,expressi
ngherdeeploveforRizalandhopi
ngt hey'
d
changetheirmindsaboutgi v
inghimthedeathsent
ence.I
twasaheart
-breaki
ng
pleafr
om awor ri
edmot her.
 JoseRi
zal
'
ssi
ster
sdi
dsomet
hingemot
ional
.Theywentt
oGov
ernor
-Gener
al
Polavi
ejaandaskedhi m nottolett hei
rbrotherbeexecut ed.Thei
rpleawas
probabl
yverysadbecausetheydidn'twanttolosetheirbrot
her,andtheyhoped
thattheGover
norwoul dchangehismi ndaboutthev eryser
iouspunishment.I
t
wasahear t
fel
trequestf
rom thesi
sterstosaveRizal
.
 December29,1896,wasat
oughdayf
orJoseRi
zal
.Hewasof
fi
cial
l
ytol
dhe
Vision:Anadvancedandadaptiveuniversi
typursuingquali
tyeducat
ion,l
if
elonggender -
sensi
ti
velearni
ngenvi
ronment,r
esponsi
ve
research-
basedcommuni t
yprogramsandt ransparentgover
nancewithsustainabler
esourcegener
ationby2025.
Mi ssi
on:Toprovideexcel
lenceininstruct
ion,resear
ch,extensi
onandpr oductionthatmagnifi
esWI SDOM inleader
shi
pt hr
ough
Tot al
Quali
tyManagementSy st
em responsivetothechall
engesofthe21stcenturyeducati
on.
Educat
ingPeopl
e,Enr
ichi
ngLi
vesandExpandi
ngOppor
tuni
ti
eswi
thWI
SDOM!
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i
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l
ippi
nes
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anches:
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uz•Tor
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.No.:
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unkl
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wouldbeexecut
ed.Theydi
ditf
ormal
ly
,readi
ngoutt
hedeat
hsentence.I
twasa
ser
iousmomentthatwoul
dchanget
hehistor
yoft
hePhi
li
ppi
nes.
 OnDecember29,1896–Vi
sitbyPr
iest
s.Ri
zalwasv
isi
tedbysev
eralpr
iest
s,
i
ncl
uding Fr
.Faura,S.
J.Itwas common forprisoner
stor
ecei
ve spi
ri
tual
gui
danceandsuppor
tfr
om pr
iest
sbef
oret
hei
rexecuti
on.
 OnDecember29,
1896–Ri
zalwr
otehi
slastl
ett
ert
oFer
dinandBl
ument
ri
tt
.Ri
zal
wroteaf i
nall
ett
ert
ohisdearfri
endFer
dinandBl
umentr
it
t,say
inghewoul
dsoon
beexecutedbutwasinnocent.Hewantedhisfr
iendt
orememberhim welland
sentregardst
oBlument
ri
tt
'sfamily
.
 OnDecember29,1896– Teodor
aAl
onzopai
dherf
inalv
isi
ttoRi
zal
.Ri
zal
'
s
mother
,Teodor
aAlonzo,cametovisithimforthel
astti
mebef
orehi
sexecut
ion.
Shewasaccompaniedbyherdaughter,Tr
ini
dadMercado.
 OnDecember29,1896–Ri
zal
’
ssi
ster
swer
eal
l
owedt
opayhi
mvi
sit
s.Ri
zal
'
s
si
ster
swer epermitt
edtoseehim.Hegav et hem hi
sbelongi
ngsasmement os
bef
orehisexecuti
on:awickerchai
rtoNar ci
sa,ahandkerchi
eft
oAngelica(
his
ni
ece),abelt
,watch,andchai
ntoMaur i
cio(hisnephew)
,andanalcoholbur
ner
wit
hhispoem "MiUlti
moAdios"t
oTrini
dad.
 OnDecember30,
1896,
at6:
30am –Ri
zal
wasbr
oughtt
otheexecut
ionsi
tef
rom
FortSant
iago.Earl
yinthemorni
ngonDecember30,Ri
zalwast
akenf
rom For
t
Santi
agototheplacewherehewoul
dbeexecut
ed.
 OnDecember30,1896,at7:
03a.
m.–Ri
zalwasexecut
edbymusket
ry.At7:
03
am onDecember30,JoséRi
zalwaski
l
ledbygunf
ir
e.I
twast
het
imewhenhe
wasexecut
ed.

Concl
usi
on

Inconclusi
on, theexi l
eofDr .JoseRizalfr
om Dapi
tantothetri
alinFortSanti
agost ands
asat estamenttot hei ndomi t
ablespiri
tofanat i
onalher
oandt heturbul
enttimesinwhi chhe
l
ived.Rizal'
syearsinDapi tanwer emar kedbyt i
rel
esscontr
ibut
ionstoeducat i
on,communi ty
devel
opment ,andper sonalaccompl i
shment s,r
eveal
ingamanofr emarkableintel
lectand
compassi on.Howev er,thisperiodofex il
ewasapr el
udetoat umultuousjourneythatwoul d
l
eadhi mt oFortSantiago.

The tri
aland executi
on in FortSantiago unfol
ded againsta backdr op ofpol i
ti
cal
upheav alandcoloni
aloppression.Ri
zal'
ssteadfastpleaforapeacef ulresol
uti
on,hispoignant
wri
tings,andt heemoti
onalpl easofhi sfamilyunderscoredt hehumandi mensionsoft his
hi
storicaltragedy.Thejudicialproceedi
ngsr efl
ected t
het ensionsbet ween an indi
vi
dual's
pursuitofjusti
ceandacolonialpower'sdet
erminati
ont osuppressdissent.

Aswerefl
ectonRizal'
sexil
eandt hesubsequentt r
ial,
itbecomesev i
dentthathis
l
egacyextendsfarbeyondtheconfinesofhistory
.Hisideals,sacr
if
ices,andunwav eri
ng
commi tmentt
oj usti
cehavebecomeanendur i
ngsour ceofi nspir
ati
onf orFil
ipinos,
embody i
ngtherelent
lesspursui
toff r
eedom.Theexi l
eofDr .JoseRizalisnotj usta
chapterintheannalsofPhi li
ppinehistor
y ;itisapr ofoundnar rati
veofr esi
lience,
sacri
fi
ce,andt
heendur i
ngquestfornati
onal i
dentit
y.

Vision:Anadvancedandadaptiveuniversi
typursuingquali
tyeducat
ion,l
if
elonggender -
sensi
ti
velearni
ngenvi
ronment,r
esponsi
ve
research-
basedcommuni t
yprogramsandt ransparentgover
nancewithsustainabler
esourcegener
ationby2025.
Mi ssi
on:Toprovideexcel
lenceininstruct
ion,resear
ch,extensi
onandpr oductionthatmagnifi
esWI SDOM inleader
shi
pt hr
ough
Tot al
Quali
tyManagementSy st
em responsivetothechall
engesofthe21stcenturyeducati
on.
Educat
ingPeopl
e,Enr
ichi
ngLi
vesandExpandi
ngOppor
tuni
ti
eswi
thWI
SDOM!
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MARI
NDUQUESTATECOLLEGE
Mai
nCampus:
Boac/Br
anches:
Sant
aCr
uz•Tor
ri
jos•Gasan
Panfi
loP.MangueraSr
.Rd.,
Tanza,Boac,Marinduque4900
Tel
.No.:
(042)332-
2028/2028 EmailAddr
ess:sucpresident.
msc@gmail
.com
Tr
unkl
ine:(
042)332-
0662 Websi
te:www.marinduquestatecol
l
ege.
edu.
ph

REPORTERS:
JANNETTESAJUL
KYLAMAEP.SALAZAR
GLYZAMARI
ESAPUCO

Vision:Anadvancedandadaptiveuniversi
typursuingquali
tyeducat
ion,l
if
elonggender -
sensi
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ngenvi
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Mi ssi
on:Toprovideexcel
lenceininstruct
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ch,extensi
onandpr oductionthatmagnifi
esWI SDOM inleader
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pt hr
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Tot al
Quali
tyManagementSy st
em responsivetothechall
engesofthe21stcenturyeducati
on.
Educat
ingPeopl
e,Enr
ichi
ngLi
vesandExpandi
ngOppor
tuni
ti
eswi
thWI
SDOM!