(Compression Member) Case 2: (Long Column)

NSCP: Allowable Compressive Stress 𝐾𝐿

when > 𝐶𝑐
𝑟
Steel Column
12𝜋2 𝐸
➢ A vertical structure member used in 𝐹𝑎 = 𝐾𝐿 2
23( )
𝑟
construction to provide essential
support to vertical loads. where:
➢ They may carry load in compression. Fa = Allowable Compressive Stress
Short Column – the failure occurs by L = Unsupported length
crushing of material under the 𝐊𝐋
= Effective slenderness ratio
compression yield stress. 𝐫
r = radius of gyration
Long Column – the failure occurs by Cc = compression index
buckling (lateral deflection of the bar).
Fy = Yield strength
Intermediate Column – fails in combined FS = Factor of Safety
buckling and crushing. E = Modulus of Elasticity
k = End fixity factor/ effective length
NSCP: Allowable Compressive Stress factor.

Case 1: (Short Column) End Fixity Factor/

𝐾𝐿 Effective Length Factor (K)
when ≤ 𝐶𝑐
𝑟
End Condition K
Allowable Compressive Stress Both ends are fixed 0.5
𝐾𝐿 2
( 𝑟 ) 𝐹𝑦 One end is fixed and the 0.7
𝐹𝑎 = [1 − ] other is hinged.
2𝐶𝑐 2 𝐹𝑆
Both ends are hinged. 1.0
One end fixed the other 2.0
Factor of Safety
2
end is free.
𝐾𝐿 𝐾𝐿
5 3 𝑟 1 𝑟
𝐹𝑆 = + [ ]− [ ]
3 8 𝐶𝑐 8 𝐶𝑐

Compression Index
2𝜋2 𝐸
𝐶𝑐 = √
𝐹𝑦

Radius of Gyration
𝑰
𝒓=√
𝑨