UNIVERSITY OF HAFR AL BATIN

DEPARTMENT

EEET

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

Company Name: Saudi Electricity Hafr Al Batin

Power Transformer

Prepared by

Name:

ID#: 2xxxxxxxxx

Coop Advisor:

CO-OP Coordinator: Dr. Kamal Harb

Date: Aug. 2022 (213)

Prepared by: Dr. Kamal Harb

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Note that, this is a sample report to check the format and not to use its information. The

information contained in this report might not be belong to normal coop report at all.

Just make sure you explain all points in your report clearly. Discuss both case studies

with a clear descriptions. Also, make sure to explain all figures and tables presented in

your report. The font is 12, with double space, also figure and table titles should be of

font 12. The whole report should be written using Time new Roman. In case you have

any question, you are always welcome to ask your coop advisor and as Dr. Kamal Harb.

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Allah for providing me the blessing for

successful completion of this coop-training program.

Make sure to put minimum size of colour pictures to decrease the size of your report.

Make sure the size of your report is below 8M, normal size is below 5M.

I would like to thank my COOP advisors. ……….……. for all the encouragement and

the support they have given throughout the COOP period. ....................

Make sure to mention all the name of all EEET faculty in this section, with your

mentor/Advisor at the company.

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ABSTRACT

Saudi Arabian Fertilizer Company (COMPANY OR RESEARCH) is the first

petrochemical company in the Kingdom. Presently it is one of the leading companies

in the Gulf region that successfully maintains its rapid growth since it was established.

Many modern electrical types of equipment are installed there for its efficient and safe

operation.

Talk about your training periods and activities during each period.

In this COOP report, vital electrical equipments are discussed. Among the notable

equipments are motors, and Electrical machine. Functions, classifications, procedure

for testing and commissioning of each equipment are discussed comprehensively. In

addition, two case studies related to Electrical machine failure and induction motor

failures are described. Causes of failures and remedial actions taken are pointed out in

details.

Expand the abstract to fill this page.

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`TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENT………………………………………………………………ii

Abstract…………..……...............……………...…………………………………….iii

Table of Contents……………………………………..…………………………....….iv

List of Figures...............................................................................................................vi

List of Tables……………………..……………………………………………….....vii

CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Historical Background of COMPANY .......................................................... 1
1.2 Growth of COMPANY .................................................................................. 1
1.4 Organization of the Report............................................................................. 1
CHAPTER 2 ................................................................................................................. 3
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ..........................................................................................
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Electrical Substation ...................................................................................... 3
2.3 Equipments in Distribution Substations......................................................... 3
CHAPTER 3 ................................................................................................................. 4
ELECTRICAL MACHINE ........................................................................................ 4
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 4
3.2 Electrical machine Ratings ............................................................................ 4
3.3 Accessories of Power Electrical machine ...................................................... 4
3.3.1 Electrical machine bushings ......................................................................... 4
3.3.2 Pressure Relief Valve .................................................................................... 5
3.4 Electrical machine Tests ................................................................................ 5
3.4.1 Voltage Ratio Test ........................................................................................ 5
CHAPTER 4 ................................................................................................................. 6
AC MOTORS ............................................................................................................... 6
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 6
4.2 Main Components of AC Motor .................................................................... 6
4.3 Stator .............................................................................................................. 6
4.4 Rotor .............................................................................................................. 7
4.5 Enclosure........................................................................................................ 8
CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................................. 9

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CASE STUDIES ........................................................................................................... 9

5.1 SF3 Electrical machine 2M-TR 201A Failure ............................................... 9
5.1.1 Description of the Problem ........................................................................... 9
5.2 Root Causes ................................................................................................... 9
5.3 UFC Maintenance ........................................................................................ 10
5.4 Problems Due to Loose Motor Wires .......................................................... 10
CHAPTER 6 ............................................................................................................... 11
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................... 11
6.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 11
6.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................ 12
REFERENCES…………………………………………………….……………..25

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 3.1: Electrical machine

Bushing…………………...…………………………………………………………..8

Figure 3.2: Pressure relief valve…………...…………………………………………8

Figure 4.1: Different usage of AC Motors………………………….………………..11

Figure 4.2: Components of an AC motor…………………………………………….12

Figure 4.3: Stator of an Induction Motor…………………………..………………...13

Figure 4.4: Stator Lamination………………………….…………………………….13

Figure 4.5: Stator Coil Arrangement.…………………………………...…………...14

Figure 4.6: Stator Partially Completed……...………………..….………………..…14

Figure 4.7: Stator Winding Completed…….…………………….………………….14

Figure 4.8: Cutaway View of Rotor…………………….………..……..…….……..15

Figure 4.9: Partially Assembled AC Motor……………..……….……….…….…...16

Figure 4.10: Cutaway view of an AC motor…………………..………………...…..17

Figure 5.1: Fault Location at 2M-TR201A…………………………..………………18

Figure 5.2a: Electrical machine 2M-TR 201A Failure…………..……………….......19

Figure 5.2b: Electrical machine 2M-TR 201A Failure…………………………..........19

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Electrical machine Turns Ratio Test Data……...………………………….9

Table 3.2: Typical Data from Vector Group Test…………………...……….………10

Table 5.1: Record of Dimension/Condition for KM-303 maintenance………………21

Table 5.2: Run Out Check data for KM-303 maintenance……….………………..…22

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Historical Background of Your Research or Company

In 1975, Saudi Arabia created the Master Gas System – a network for collecting and

processing petroleum gases – and drew up plans to use these gases as feedstock for the

petrochemical industry. Then the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu took up the

task of building Jubail and Yanbu cities as state-of-the-art industrial centres to locate

the petrochemical plants [1].

1.2 Growth of COMPANY or Research

COMPANY started with a capital of SR 10 Billion. The target was to establish and

commission several basic industries that depend on local hydrocarbon and mineral

resources as feedstock markets.

1.3 COMPANY OR RESEARCH or Research topic

When the company showed the growth and success, the government granted 10% of its

shares to the company’s Saudi workforce. This was done with preservation on

censorship systems to guarantee the financial independence for each company [2].

1.4 Organization of the Report

Chapter 2 describes electrical power distribution system existed in the COMPANY OR

RESEARCH premises.

The details of Electrical machine are given in Chapter 3. It includes maintenance,

accessories of power Electrical machine, dry type Electrical machine, liquid-immersed

Electrical machine, Electrical machine oil testing, nameplate data, and Electrical

machine test.

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Chapter 4 discusses on AC motor. It contains types of AC motors, their construction,

and nameplate details.

Chapter 5 is about the case studies. It details the four different problems, which I

encountered during COOP period. Two of them are about the Electrical machine; and

the other two are about motor and reclaimer thermal overload alarm.

Conclusion and recommendations are given in Chapter 6.

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CHAPTER 2

IMPORTANCE OF POWER TRANSFORMER IN

POWER SYSTEM

2.1 Introduction

A distribution substation transfers power from the transmission system to the

distribution system of an area. It is not practical to directly connect electricity

consumers to the main transmission network, unless they use large amounts of power.

The distribution station reduces voltage to a value suitable for local distribution [3].

2.2 Electrical Substation

A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution sys-

tem.

2.3 Equipments in Distribution Substations

Each distribution substation contains many electrical types of equipment for its safe

and efficient operation. Among these are -

1. Power Electrical machine

2. Earthing switches

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CHAPTER 3

ELECTRICAL DEVICE YOU SELECT

3.1 Introduction

Electrical machine are electromagnetic devices that transfer electrical energy from one

circuit to another by mutual induction. A single-phase Electrical machine has two coils,

a primary and a secondary. Through mutual induction the electrical power is transferred

from primary to secondary.

3.2 Electrical machine Ratings

Electrical machine are rated for the amount of apparent power they can provide. The

kVA rating determines the current and voltage a Electrical machine can deliver to its

load without overheating [4].

3.3 Accessories of Power Electrical machine

The power Electrical machine are equipped with the following accessories [5]-[6]:

3.3.1 Electrical machine bushings

A. Low voltage bushings: The low voltage bushing of the power Electrical

machine is oil filled porcelain type.

B. High voltage bushings: The H.V bushings are outdoor type, oil impregnated,

and condenser type of high quality grade voltage as shown in Fig. 3.1.

Support with Figure here

Figure 3.1: Electrical machine Bushing

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3.3.2 Pressure Relief Valve

The pressure relief valve is mounted on the cover of power Electrical machine to

relief any internal over pressure. Pressure relief valve is flanged type with operating

pressure from 0.2 Atmosphere (ATM) to 0.7 Atmosphere (ATM) (20 to 70 KPA).

The valve operates when the internal pressure reaches 30% higher than the setting

value as shown in Fig. 3.2.

Figure 3.2: Pressure relief valve

3.4 Electrical machine Tests

3.4.1 Voltage Ratio Test

I. Purpose: Measurement of Voltage Ratio at all Positions.

II. Testing procedure: This test is to be done using calibrated Electrical machine

Turns Ratio (TTR) tester set. Electrical machine ratio is to be compared to

factory test for all windings, and all tap changer positions. Typical test results

are shown in the following Table 3.1.

Table 3.1: Electrical machine Turns Ratio Test data

Support with Table here

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CHAPTER 4

TOPIC YOU SELECTED

4.1 Introduction

AC motors are used to transform electrical energy into mechanical energy. They are

commonly used in industrial application. In COMPANY OR RESEARCH, motors of

this type are used as a pump or fan or connected to some other form of mechanical

equipment such as a winder, conveyor, or mixer as shown in Fig. 4.1. There are many

types of AC motors, among these are [7]-[8]:

1. Three phase AC induction Motors, the most common type of motor used in

industrial applications.

2. Synchronous Motor

Figure 4.1: Different usage of AC Motors

4.2 Main Components of AC Motor

A three-phase AC induction motor has three main parts, rotor, stator, and enclosure.

The stator and rotor do the work as shown in Fig. 4.2, and the enclosure protects the

stator and rotor.

4.3 Stator

The stator is the stationary part of the motor’s electromagnetic circuit. Coils of insulated

wire are inserted in a hollow cylinder. Fig. 4.3 and Fig. 4.4 shows the structure of a

stator.

i. Stator Core

The stator core is made up of many thin metal sheets, called laminations. Stator

laminations are stacked together forming a hollow cylinder. Coils of insulated wire are

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inserted into slots of the stator core. Laminations are used to reduce energy loses that

would result if a solid core were used.

Support with Figure here

Figure 4.2: Components of an AC motor

ii. Stator Windings or Coils

The coils are wound around the soft iron core material of the stator. In other words, the

coils for each phase are wound in such a way that, same as you have to explain listed

figure with enough description and mentioned the label as shown in Fig. 4.6 and Fig.

4.7, the polarities of the windings also reverse.

Support with Figure here

Figure 4.5: Stator Coil Arrangement

Support with Figure here

Figure 4.6: Stator partially completed

When the assembled motor is in operation, the stator windings are connected directly

to the power source.

4.4 Rotor

The rotor is the rotating part of the motor’s electromagnetic circuit. The most common

type of rotor used in a three-phase induction motor is a squirrel cage rotor.

Always, you should mention the figure label in the text before you listed the figure, this

means your explanation with name as shown in Fig. 4.8 should be in the within one

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page of the figure. The squirrel cage rotor is so called because its construction is

reminiscent of the rotating exercise wheels found in some pet cages.

Support with Figure here

Figure4.8: Cutaway view of rotor

A squirrel cage rotor core is made by stacking thin steel laminations to form a cylinder.

Rather than using coils of wire as conductors, conductor bars are die cast into the slots

evenly spaced around the cylinder.

4.5 Enclosure

The enclosure consists of a frame (or yoke) and two end brackets (or bearing housings).

The stator is mounted inside the frame as shown in Fig. 4.9. The rotor fits inside the

stator with a slight air gap separating it from the stator. There is no direct physical

connection between the rotor and the stator.

Support with Figure here

Figure 4.9: Partially Assembled AC Motor

The enclosure protects the internal parts of the motor from water and other

environmental elements as shown in Fig. 4.10. The degree of protection depends upon

the type of enclosure. Bearings, mounted on the shaft, support the rotor and allow it to

turn. Some motors, like the one shown in the following illustration, use a fan, also

mounted on the rotor shaft, to cool the motor when the shaft is rotating.

Support with Figure here

Figure 4.10: Cutaway view of an AC motor

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CHAPTER 5

CASE STUDIES

5.1 SF3 Electrical machine 2M-TR 201A Failure

5.1.1. Description of the Problem

Power interruption took place due to internal fault on COMPANY OR

RESEARCH-3 Electrical machine 2M-TR201A which led to total shutdown of

COMPANY OR RESEARCH-2, COMPANY OR RESEARCH-3 and UFC plants

resulting in a production loss of Ammonia and Urea as shown in Fig. 5.1, Fig. 5.2a,

and Fig. 5.2b.

Support with Figure here

Figure 5.1: Fault location at 2M-TR201A [9]

Support with Figure here

Figure 5.2a: Electrical machine 2M-TR 201A failure

Support with Figure here

Figure 5.2b: Electrical machine 2M-TR 201A failure

5.2 Root Causes

Referring to the fault tree of this incident, power interrupted in the switchgear 2M-SG-

201 due to the the two incomers and led to total power failure for the GIS 115KV

substation and hence the both plant SF2 & SF3 tripped [10].

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5.3 UFC Maintenance

On the first day of the COOP training period there were three motors located at Urea

Formaldehyde Compound (UFC) needed to isolate for maintenance work. The tag

numbers of that motors are [9]-[10]:

Table 5.1: Record of Dimension/Condition for KM-303 maintenance

Support with Table here

i. Procedure

a) Re-sleeving of NDE bearing housing as shown in Table 5.2.

b) Replacement of DE and NDE bearing

c) Add full explanation for the data presented in the table. How did you get it?

Where should we use it for, etc. Check with your advisor at the company

and university for more explanation if needed.

Table 5.2: Run Out Check data for KM-303 maintenance

Support with Table here

5.4Problems Due to Loose Motor Wires

Case 1: On 30.09.2012, Motor tripped without any indication. Feeder was checked in

details. Two control wires loose and one screw of reference relay connector missing

were found and corrected. It was also observed that relay reference switched over from

remote.

Case 2: On 02.10.2012, motor feeder again tripped and it was observed that the relay

reference itself has re-started and switched over from remote. Equipment 42-KM-602

restarted immediately and put in service.

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CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1 Conclusion

This training program has given me a very useful chance to improve my skills in many

different fields such as communication skills, technical skills and time management

skills. Also, I got the opportunity to deal with fixing problem. During my COOP period,

I learned many things, write down everything you learned during your coop period,

technical things about the Electrical machine also I learned about the Electrical machine

accessories and different types of Electrical machine tests, also I learned many things

about motors such as the parts of the motors and the benefit of each part, the

maintenance of the motor and the recurring problems like greasing and leak of oil. The

problems which I faced during my COOP period taught me how to face the problems,

how to think when you find the problem, searching for alternative solutions before

making any design. Working in groups one of the things which I learned. It saves time

and gives me much useful information. Sharing information is one of the most

important things that I learned. In the end I hope that all of the students have their coop

with COMPANY.

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6.2 Recommendations

Write a short paragraph first then give your recommendations and advices.

Recommendation for students:

 Ask your supervisor for everything which you don’t know about

 Work sincerely and actively

 Work in different places

Finally, I hope that all of the companies in which the students will have their COOP

training, be like COMPANY OR RESEARCH because they dealt with me as if one of

the COMPANY OR RESEARCH employees.

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REFERENCES

[1] Saudi aramco. (2014, sep 27). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.come/wiki/

Saudi_Aramco, last accessed date October 2014.
[2] Kerwin, J. B. (n.d.). Medium voltage switchgear & circuit breaker life extension.
Retrieved from http://www.magnaelectric.com/site1/ pdfs/MV_Switchgear_
Circuit_Breaker_Life_Extension.pdf, last accessed date September 2014.
[3] Sulpher hexa flouride (sf6) circuit breakers. (2008, October 12th). Retrieved from
http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2008/10/12/sulpher-hexa-flouride-sf6-circuit-brea-
kers/, last accessed date September 2011.
[4] R. Rajput, "Electrical Engineering," 1st ed. eBook, pp. 439-443
[5] Institution of Electrical Engineers, "Power system protection: Application”, Vol. 3,
pp. 295-296, 2014.
[6] Hill Technical Sales Corp., "Metering Current Electrical machine", Retrieved from
http://www.hilltech.com/products/power_components/Instrument_Electrical
machine.html, last accessed date Tuesday 10 Jan 2012.
[7] U. Bakshi, and M. Bakshi "Switchgear & Protection," 1st ed., pp. (2-1)-(2-2).
[8] Horowitz, Stanley, and Arun Phadke, "Power System Relaying", 3rd ed., pp. 23-
28, Oct. 2013.
[9] Arjun (n.p), "STATIC DIRECTIONAL RELAY”, Retrieved from
http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/17/static-directional-relay1, last accessed
date January 2012.
[10] L. Kempner, "Substation Structure Design Guide", ASCE, pp. 6-18, 2007.

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