SLABS

1. BEAM SLABS
- One way beam slab
- Two way beam slab
2. RIBBED SLABS
- One way ribbed slab (e.g.:hollow block slabs)
- Two way ribbed slab (waffle slab) (two way joist)
3. FLAT SLABS (Mushroom slab)
4. COMPOSITE SLABS
 CHOICE OF SLAB TYPE
• Economy of construction
• The design loads
• Required spans
• Serviceability requirements
• Strength requirements
• Seismicity of the region
Beam Slabs
FLOOR PLAN OF SLABS AND BEAMS
ll : long edge
ls : short edge
Two way beam slab

One way beam slab

Ls,net:

Ls
Two-way beam slab system

Two-way slabs (m=ll /ls <2)

Two-way beam slab system

Two-way slab (ly/lx<=2)

One-Way beam slab system

One-way slabs (m=ll /ls >2)

One way ribbed slab
Hollow Block Slabs
Hollow Block Slabs
Hollow Block Slabs
Hollow Block Slabs
Types of Hollow Blocks
Flat Slabs
Example for Flat Slab
 Flat Slabs
• Shear between plate and columns may require column plate
• Made with flat framework (relatively simple to construct)
• Heavy
• Quick construction
• flexibility of using the spaces without obstacle.
Flat Slabs
Flat Slabs
Punching Shear Failure of Flat Slabs
Punching Shear Failure of Flat Slabs
Two way ribbed slab (waffle slab)
Waffle slab

Beam slab
Slab Design Load
Design load: Pd = 1.4 * 4.54+1.6 * 2.00 = 9.56 kN /m2
Thickness of the One-Way Slab
Thickness of the Two-Way Slab
Example

Find the
thicknesses
of slabs.
Minimum thicknesses for slabs
1375/12 = 115 mm

(two-way)

(two-way)

(two-way)

(one-way)
3750/30=125 mm

Selected
 Example
For the slab system shown in figure, the material is C20/B420C, plaster and coating load is 1.00 kN/m2, cover is 2cm, live load is 2.0 kN/m2 at
normal slabs and live load is 5.0 kN/m2 at balcony.

a) Determine the design load (1.4G+1.6Q).

b) Determine span and support moments for the slabs.

c) Determine the reinforcement area for openings and support sections and choose the reinforcements.

Note: 8 mm will be used as reinforcement diameter in all calculations (Φ8)

Design load (Pd=1.4G+1.6Q)
D101 and D106 slabs (balcony)

R.C. slabs
Plaster+coating
Dead load
Live load

D102, D103, D104 and D105 slabs (room)

R.C. slabs
Plaster+coating
Dead load
Live load
Opening moments and support moments
D101 and D106 slabs (cantilever)

D102 and D103 slabs

short
Two-way slabs

Opening moments

Support moments

Discontinuous edge
Continuous edge
Opening moments and support moments
D104 and D105 slabs

Two-way slabs

Opening moments

Support moments

Discontinuous edge
Continuous edge
Reinforcement calculations - at openings
For D102-D203 slabs

Selected rebar

Selected rebar
Reinforcement calculations - at openings
For D104-D105 slabs

Cross-section

Selected rebar

Cross-section

Selected rebar
 Reinforcement calculations- at supports
At supports
X-X direction
At D102-D103 support Mmin / Mmax =1 > 0.8 → no need for support moment correction

Cross-section

Selected additional rebar

 Reinforcement calculations- at supports
At D104-D105 support Mmin / Mmax =1 > 0.8 → no need for support moment correction

Cross-section
There is no need for additional rebar

Y-Y direction
At D102-D104 and D103-D105 supports Mmin / Mmax =1 > 0.8 → no need for support moment
correction

Cross-section
There is no need for additional rebar
Reinforcement calculations – at cantilever slab
Cantilever moment is used at supports with cantilever slab (D101-D102, D101-D103,
D106-D104, D106-D105 M= -19.47 kNm/m

Selected additional rebar

Distribution reinforcement

Selected distribution rebar

Reinforcement plan
Support moments:
Msupport=Mmax
Msupport=absolute max(M1,M2)
One-Way Beam Slabs
Support and opening bending moment
coefficients, k
Span length in short direction of slab
Support width
Shear force at the center of the support
Design bending moment

short support
Minimum reinforcement ratio

The spacing of reinforcement

At the edge supports of continuous solid slabs at least half of the span
reinforcement must be provided on the top.

Distribution reinforcement should be placed perpendicular to the main

reinforcement at the bottom face of the slab in the long direction. The amount
of distribution reinforcement should not be less than 1/5 of the main
reinforcement.
 At interior
At exterior supports
supports

On the top of the beams, along the short direction of the slab, support
reinforcement perpendicular to the principal reinforcement of the slab must be
provided. This support reinforcement, which cannot be less than 60 percent of
the principal reinforcement, will be placed on top and extended from both sides
to a length of 1/4 of the short span length.
One-way slab

In short direction, rebars are

always placed at the bottom.
Example
For planı
the slab
Şekilde ve shown
system en kesiti görülen
in figure, döşeme
the material
sisteminin
is C20/B420C,malzemesi C20/B420C,
dead load is 4.5 kN/m döşemelerde
2, cover is

sabit live
yükload
4.5 iskN/m 2, hareketli yük 2.0 kN/m2 ,
2 at slabs.
2cm, 2.0 kN/m
pas payı 2cm olduğuna göre;
a)
a) Determine
Hesap yükünüthe design load (1.4G+1.6Q).
belirleyiniz.
b) Determine
b) Döşemelerin kritiksupport
span and kesitlerinde
moments eğilme
for the
tesirlerini belirleyiniz.
slabs.
c) Döşemelerin eğilme donatıları hesaplayınız
c) Determine the bending reinforcement area for
spans and support sections and choose the
reinforcements.

hf=12cm
 Solution
Load ratio

Design load
Hesap yükü

1. Slab span ratio

All the conditions
are met
3. Min 2 spans Uniformly distributed loading (this method cannot
be used if there are triangle and single loads)
support
Slab N.A.

span
 D101 Opening
d=120-20: 100 mm
M: 7.77 kNm km: 0.777 kz: 0.967
b=1m

As =220.72 mm2/m

The spacing of
reinforcement

Selected OK
 D101 Exterior support
Exterior support

support moment reduction

OK

B-B Axis Support

Mean

Support width control OK

Support moment D101 - D102

max
 C-C Axis Support

Support width control OK

Support moment D102 - D103

max
 There is no need for additional rebar

Distribution reinforcement; the amount of distribution reinforcement should not be

less than 1/5 of the main reinforcement.
Support reinforcement, which cannot be less than 60 percent of the main
reinforcement, will be placed on top and extended from both sides to a length of 1/4 of
the short span length.
Thank You