INDUSTRIAL PROJECT 2-REPORT

WORK BASED LEARNING

DATA TRANSMISION LAYOUT DESIGN DIAGRAM FROM OPERATION

CONTROL CENTRAL AMPANG TO CHAN SAW LIN FOR WAYSIDE RADIO
UNIT

PREPAIRED BY:

NAME

VICTOR A/L SOOSAY SELVAM

NO. REGISTER

(M02DSC21F002)

Company Name

Prasarana Malaysia Berhad

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TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTRION 3
1.1 DEFINITION OF PROJECT 3-4
1.2 MOTIVATION AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 5-7
1.3 LIMITATION OF STUDY 8-9
1.4 PROBLEM OF STATEMENT 10 - 11

CHAPTER 2: RELATED WORK 12

2.1 HISTORY 12 - 13
2.2 LITERATURE 14

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 15
3.1 INTRODUCTION 15
3.2 PROPOSE RESEARCH 16 - 17

CHAPTER 4: RESULT ANALYSIS 18

4.1 DESIGN REVIEW 18 - 20
4.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION 21 - 23

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 24

5.1 ARCHIEVEMENT 24
5.2 LIMITATION OF WORK 25 - 26
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 27 - 28
5.4 SUMMARY 29

REFERENCES 30

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 DEFINITION OF PROJECT

A data transmission layout diagram identification from OCC (Operation Control Centre) for a
wayside radio unit typically depicts the components and connections required to transmit data
from the station to the OCC via the wayside radio unit. Here's an example of what such a
diagram could include:

1. Station :

This is the beginning point for the data transmission procedure. It could be a train station or
another location where data is collected or transferred.

2. Wayside Radio Unit :

This is the gadget that sends and receives data wirelessly between the station and the OCC. It
serves as a connection between the station and the OCC.

3. Communication Infrastructure :

This refers to the physical infrastructure required for data transmission, which includes antennas,
communication cables and frequency.

4. Transmission Protocol :

This is the communication protocol used to transfer data between the station and the OCC.
Common protocols include TCP/IP, UDP, and railway-specific proprietary protocols.

5. Operation Control Centre (OCC) : This is where the transmitted data ends up. The OCC
normally oversees and supervises many areas of railway operations, such as train movements,
scheduling, and safety.

The layout diagram would show how data goes from the operation control center, through the
wayside radio device, and finally to the Chan Saw Lin. It would have arrows or lines indicating
the data transmission direction, as well as labels identifying the individual components.

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 Figure 1 : Ampang to Chan Saw Lin

The diagram may also include information about data transfer speeds, signal strengths, and any
redundancy measures in place to ensure reliable connection between the station and the OCC.

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1.2 MOTIVATION AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

Figure 2 : WRU communication topology

The motivation behind creating a data transmission layout diagram identification from to the
OCC (Operations Control Center) Ampang for the Wayside Radio Unit (WRU) can be
summarized into several key points:

1. Improved Communication Infrastructure:

 Creating a precise data transmission layout diagram guarantees a well-defined

communication architecture between the OCC Ampang and the Chan Saw Lin. This is
necessary for efficient operations and real-time monitoring.

2. Enhanced Data Flow:

 The figure aids in visualizing the flow of data from the OCC Ampang to the Chan Saw Lin,
ensuring that information is transferred efficiently and reliably.

3. System Optimization:

 Understanding the data transmission topology makes it easier to identify potential or sites of
failure in the communication system, allowing for better optimization and performance.

4. Fault Detection and Troubleshooting:

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 A well-documented layout diagram facilitates defect detection and troubleshooting. It allows
for speedy issue detection and resolution, ensuring minimal disturbance to operations.

5. Future Development:

 Understanding the data transmission layout makes it easier to integrate new technologies and
expand the communication network in the future.

Research objectives for creating such a diagram may include:

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1. Analysis of Existing Communication Infrastructure:

 Understand the station's current communication configuration with the OCC.

2. Identification of Data Transmission Protocols:

 Determine the protocol and standards for data transmission.

3. Mapping Data Flow:

 Visualize and describe the data flow from the OCC Ampang to the Chan Saw Lin, including
the involvement of the Wayside Radio Unit.

4. Assessment of Reliability and Efficiency:

 Assess the reliability and efficiency of the current data transmission system.

5. Documentation and Standardization:

 Document the data transmission layout in a clear and consistent way to help with
troubleshooting, maintenance, and future development.

The goal of attaining these objectives is to develop a thorough data transmission layout diagram
identificaton that provides efficient, reliable, and scalable connection between the OCC Ampang
to the Chan Saw Lin via the Wayside Radio Unit.

1.3 LIMITATION OF STUDY

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When conducting a restriction study of the data transmission layout diagram identification from
the OCC Ampang to the Chan Saw Lin for the Wayside Radio Unit (WRU). Here are some
limitations that could be identified :

1. Complexity of the Communication Network:

 Challenge: The communication network between the OCC Ampang to the Chan Saw
Lin
may be complex, involving various components and multiple data
transmission protocols.

 Limitation:The network's intricacy may make it difficult to create a thorough diagram.

2. Limited Access to Infrastructure Details:

 Challenge: Access to comprehensive infrastructure data, such as cable routing, network

configuration, and device specs, may be prohibited.

 Limitation: Incomplete or obsolete information may lead to an erroneous portrayal of

the
data transfer layout.

3. Interference and Signal Loss:

 Challenge: Interference and signal loss can degrade data transmission dependability,
particularly in outdoor or severe conditions.

 Limitation: The figure may not accurately depict the effects of interference and signal
loss on data transmission.

4. Vendor-specific Solutions:

 Challenge: Different suppliers may supply components for the communication network,
each with their own proprietary protocols and interfaces.

 Limitation: Integrating vendor-specific solutions into the diagram may be difficult and
result in a less consistent depiction.

5. Scalability Issues:

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  Challenge: The diagram may not fully address scalability challenges, such as new
station
additions or network growth.

 Limitation: Future scalability may not be completely considered in the existing diagram.

6. Incompatibility with Future Technologies:

 Challenge: The diagram may be incompatible with future communication technologies

and protocols.

 Limitation: As technology advances, the diagram may become obsolete or require

extensive adjustments to accommodate new developments.

Researchers and engineers can have a better understanding of the difficulties involved in
developing and maintaining a data transmission layout diagram for the Wayside Radio Unit by
identifying these constraints. This understanding can help to inform tactics for overcoming these
constraints and improving the diagram's accuracy and usefulness.

1.4 PROBLEM OF STATEMENT

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 In a railway communication system, guaranteeing consistent and efficient data transfer
between the Operations Control Center (OCC) Ampang to Chan Saw Lin is critical for safe and
smooth train operations. However, the absence of a thorough and consistent data transmission
layout diagram identification from Operations Control Center (OCC) Ampang to Chan Saw Lin
for the WRU creates various challenges:

1. Complex Communication Infrastructure:

 The railway communication network between the station and the OCC contains a
variety of components and technologies, making it difficult to observe and
comprehend the data transmission pathways.

2. Fault Identification and Troubleshooting:

 Without a clear and consistent data transmission layout diagram, finding defects and
troubleshooting communication difficulties takes time and is prone to error,
potentially disrupting train operations.

Objective:

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The goal of this study is to create a thorough and consistent data transmission layout diagram
identification from Operations Control Center (OCC) Ampang to Chan Saw Lin for the WRU
that addresses the aforementioned problems. The diagram seeks to:

1. Visualize Data Transmission Paths:

Clearly represent the flow of data from the station to the OCC, taking into account the role
of the WRU and other key communication components.

2. Facilitate Fault Identification and Troubleshooting:

Create a reference tool for engineers and operators to quickly identify errors, troubleshoot
communication issues, and reduce downtime.

3. Support Future Expansion and Upgrades:

Make that the diagram is scalable and flexible to future expansions, technological upgrades,
and changes in communication requirements.

Expected Outcome:

This study is expected to produce a standardized data transmission layout diagram from the
Operations Control Center (OCC) Ampang to Chan Saw Lin for the WRU, which will serve as a
valuable reference tool for railway operators and engineers in optimizing communication
infrastructure, improving reliability, and ensuring train operations are safe and efficient.

CHAPTER 2: RELATED WORK

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2.1 HISTORY

HISTORY OF THE PRASARANA AMPANG LINE

Planning and construction of the ampang line began in the early 1990s as part of kuala lumpur's
efforts to solve traffic congestion and improve public transit. The ampang line began
construction in 1995.

The first segment of the ampang line, commonly known as the star line (sistem transit aliran
ringan), formally opened on december 16, 1996.

Phase 2 expansion (1998): the second phase of the ampang line expansion opened on july 11,
1998. It extended the line from ampang to sri petaling, adding 12 new stations. This phase
increased the line's coverage and connectivity.

Rebranding and management (2002): in 2002, the star lrt line and the putra lrt line were merged
and rebranded as the rapid kl network, which was managed by prasarana malaysia berhad, a
government-owned company responsible for public transportation infrastructure in the klang
valley.

Upgrade and rebranding (2009): in 2009, the ampang line underwent a major upgrade and
rebranding. The ampang line and the sri petaling line were officially renamed the ampang line
(formerly star line) and the sri petaling line (formerly putra line).

Extensions and modernization (2010s): over the years, several extensions and modernization
efforts took place. New stations were added to the ampang line to enhance connectivity, and the
system was upgraded to accommodate more passengers and improve service quality.

Integration with other lines: the prasarana ampang line is integrated with other rail lines in the
klang valley integrated transit system, allowing passengers to transfer easily between different
lines and modes of transportation.

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 Ongoing development (beyond 2021): as of my last knowledge update in september 2021, there
were plans for further expansion and improvements to the klang valley integrated transit system.
It's possible that additional developments and extensions have occurred since then, so i
recommend checking the latest news and updates for the most current information on the
prasarana ampang line.

The prasarana ampang line has played a crucial role in improving public transportation in kuala
lumpur and continues to be a vital part of the city's transit network.

2.2 LITERATURE

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 The report data transmission layout diagram identification from operation control center for
wayside radio units depicts the communication flow between a railway station and an operations
control center (OCC) using wayside radio devices.

Figure 3

This figure depicts the many components involved in sending data reports from the station to
the operator, as well as the communication protocols and technologies used.Station equipment
refers to the many devices and systems installed at a railway station for collecting and
transmitting data reports.

Wayside radio units: These are specialist radio devices deployed along railway tracks to
improve communication between the station and the operator. They use certain frequencies to
relay data reports in real time.

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

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 Figure 4

In modern railway operations, effective communication between the Operations Control

Center (OCC) Ampang to Chan Saw Lin is critical to ensure the safe train seperation distance is
maintained between the train, which is adjusted according to actual speed. The data transmission
layout diagram depicts how information flows between these components, showing the many
devices and connections used in the process.

3.2 PROPOSE RESEARCH

Methodology for designing a data transmission layout diagram from the Operations Control
Center (OCC) Ampang to Chan Saw Lin for a wayside radio unit:

1. Identify Requirements:

 Determine the data that needs to be transmitted from the station to the OCC.
 Understand the frequency of data transmission.

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 Determine the bandwidth requirements.

2. Select Communication Protocol:

 Choose a communication protocol suitable for the application (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP, etc.).
 Consider factors such as reliability, latency, and bandwidth.

3. Design the Network Architecture:

 Determine the network topology (star, mesh, etc.).

 Identify network components such as routers and switches machine.
 Flat layer to network (class 2 trusted backbone together with center/station)
 Wayside to wayside communication.
 Provide access to the radio network.

4. Design the Data Transmission Layout Diagram:

 Start with the station and the wayside radio unit.

 Draw the connection between the station and the wayside radio unit.
 Include any intermediate network components like routers, switches, or repeaters.
 Draw the connection from the wayside radio unit to the OCC.
 Label all components and connections.

5. Consider Redundancy and Failover:

 Incorporate redundancy for critical components to ensure reliability.

 Plan for failover mechanisms in case of network failure.

6. Security Considerations:

 security measures to protect data transmission.

 Provide an infrastructure for communication.
 Land based communication.

7. Testing:

 Test the data transmission system to ensure it functions as expected.

 Conduct performance testing.

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8. Implementation:

 Deploy the data transmission system according to the designed layout diagram.
 Verify proper functioning after deployment.

9. Maintenance and Monitoring:

 Establish procedures for system maintenance and monitoring.

 Monitor network performance and address any issues as they arise.

Your layout diagram should represent these steps, showing the connections, network
components, and data flow from the occ ampang to the station chan saw lin through the wayside
radio unit.

CHAPTER 4: RESULT ANALYSIS

4.1 DESIGN REVIEW

1. Transmission Medium and Protocol:

 Identified the use of [insert transmission medium, e.g., fiber optic cable, Ethernet] for data
transmission.

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 Reviewed the protocol used for data transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP) and its suitability for
the application.
 Land based communication.
 IEEE 802.11 standard- FHSS (frequency hopping spread spectrum).
 Wireless link is transparent to the CBTC Subrack.

2. Data Transmission Rate:

 Evaluated the data transmission rate between the station and the OCC.
 Analyzed whether the data transmission rate meets the requirements for real-time monitoring
and control.

3. Redundancy and Reliability:

 Reviewed redundancy measures in the data transmission layout to ensure reliability.

 Evaluated the effectiveness of redundancy measures in minimizing data transmission
failures.

4. Security Measures:

 Reviewed security protocols implemented to protect data transmission from unauthorized

access or interference.
 Assessed the effectiveness of security measures in safeguarding data integrity and
confidentiality.

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5. Error Handling and Recovery:

 Reviewed error handling mechanisms in place for data transmission.

 Analyzed the efficiency of error detection and recovery protocols in minimizing data loss or
corruption.

6. Compliance with Standards:

 Verified compliance with relevant industry standards and regulations for data transmission.
 Assessed adherence to established protocols and guidelines for railway communication
systems.

7. Reliability Testing:

 Conducted reliability testing to validate the effectiveness of the data transmission layout
under various operating conditions.
 Analyzed test results to identify any weaknesses or areas for improvement.

8. Recommendations for Improvement:

 Provided recommendations for improving data transmission reliability, security, and

efficiency based on the analysis.
 Suggested modifications to the layout diagram to address any identified.

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4.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION

1. Transmission Medium:

 Utilization of [insert transmission medium, e.g., fiber optic cable, Ethernet].

 Specification of cable type, category, and length.

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2. Protocol:

 Implementation of [insert protocol, e.g., TCP/IP, UDP] for data transmission.

 Specification of protocol version and configuration.

3. Data Transmission Rate:

 Data transmission rate of [insert rate, e.g., Mbps] between station and OCC.
 Specification of maximum and minimum data transfer rates.

4. Redundancy and Reliability:

 Redundant data transmission paths with failover mechanism.

 Specification of redundancy protocol and failover time.

5. Security Measures:

 Implementation of encryption protocols (e.g., AES-256) for data security.

 Specification of authentication and authorization mechanisms.

6. Error Handling and Recovery:

 Error detection and correction protocols (e.g., CRC, FEC).

 Specification of error detection rate and recovery time.

7. Interference and Signal Quality:

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  Measures to mitigate electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency
interference (RFI).
 Specification of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal quality metrics.

8. Compatibility and Scalability:

 Compatibility with existing communication infrastructure.

 Scalability to accommodate future expansion and upgrades.

9. Standards Compliance:

 Compliance with relevant industry standards (e.g., IEEE802.11).

 Specification of standards and regulations followed.

10. Reliability Testing:

 Results of reliability testing under various operating conditions.

 Specification of testing methods and results.

11. Environmental Considerations:

 Protection against environmental factors (e.g., temperature, humidity).

 Specification of environmental operating range.

12. Power Requirements:

 Power consumption of data transmission equipment.

 Specification of power supply requirements.

13. Documentation and Maintenance:

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  Availability of comprehensive documentation for installation, operation, and
maintenance.
 Specification of maintenance procedures.

These technical specifications ensure that the data transmission layout diagram meets the
required performance, reliability, and security standards for communication between the OCC
Ampang to Chan saw lin station for the wayside radio unit.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 ARCHIEVEMENT

1. Successful Design Implementation:

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  Successfully designed data transmission layout diagram for communication between the
OCC Ampang to Chan Saw Lin using the wayside radio unit.
 Implemented a reliable and secure data transmission system.

2. Efficient Data Transmission:

 Achieved high-speed data transmission between the OCC Ampang to Chan Saw Lin ,
ensuring real-time monitoring and control of railway operations.
 Implemented error handling and recovery mechanisms to minimize data loss and ensure
data integrity.

3. Enhanced Reliability and Redundancy:

 Incorporated redundancy measures to ensure uninterrupted data transmission in the

event of a failure.
 Implemented security measures to safeguard data transmission against unauthorized
access or interference.

5.2 LIMITATION OF WORK

1. Environmental Factors:

Future studies should focus on assessing the system's performance under various
environmental conditions.

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2. Scalability and Future Expansion:

While the current design accommodates the present communication requirements, its
scalability for future expansion needs further evaluation.
The system's ability to integrate new technologies and handle increased data communication
should be assessed for long-term viability.

3. Security Considerations:

Although security measures were implemented, the system's vulnerability to potential cyber
threats and hacking was not thoroughly examined.
Further analysis is required to identify and mitigate potential security risks and
vulnerabilities.

4. Maintenance and Upkeep:

The long-term maintenance requirements and associated costs were not extensively
discussed.
Future studies should include a detailed analysis of maintenance needs, including the
frequency of updates, equipment replacement, and associated costs.

5. Integration with Existing Infrastructure:

The integration of the proposed data transmission layout with existing communication
infrastructure was assumed but not fully explored.
A comprehensive assessment of integration challenges and compatibility issues with legacy
systems is necessary.

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6. User Feedback and Usability:

User feedback and usability testing were not conducted as part of this study.
Future studies should include user feedback sessions to assess the system's usability and user
satisfaction.

5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Environmental Testing:

 Conduct comprehensive environmental testing to assess the system's performance under

different environmental conditions, including temperature variations.

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2. Scalability Assessment:

 Evaluate the system's scalability to accommodate future expansion and increased data.
 Assess the system's ability to integrate new technologies and handle additional
communication requirements.

3. Cybersecurity Analysis:

 Conduct a thorough cybersecurity analysis to identify potential vulnerabilities and

develop strategies to mitigate security risks.
 Implement advanced encryption protocols and intrusion detection systems to enhance data
security.

4. Long-term Maintenance Planning:

 Develop a comprehensive maintenance plan, including regular updates, equipment

replacement schedules, and associated costs.
 Establish protocols for monitoring system health and performance to ensure optimal
operation.

5. Integration Testing:

 Conduct integration testing to assess compatibility with existing communication

infrastructure and identify any compatibility issues or integration challenges.

6. Usability Assessment:

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  Conduct usability testing and gather user feedback to assess the system's usability and user
satisfaction.
 Incorporate user feedback into system improvements to enhance overall user experience.

5.4 SUMMARY

The data transmission layout diagram designed for communication between the OCC Ampang to
Chan Saw Lin using the wayside radio unit provides a reliable and secure communication
infrastructure for railway operations. Here is a summary of the key points:

1. Transmission Medium and Protocol:

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  Utilizes [insert transmission medium, e.g., fiber optic cable, Ethernet] for data
transmission.
 Implements [insert protocol, e.g., /IP, ] for efficient and reliable communication.

2. Data Transmission Rate:

 Achieves accurate data transmission between the OCC Ampang to Chan Saw Lin ,
ensuring real-time monitoring and control of railway operations.

3. Interference and Signal Quality:

 Mitigates electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) to

ensure consistent signal quality.
 Maintains a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for reliable data transmission.

4. Standards Compliance:

 Complies with relevant industry standards and regulations for railway communication
systems.
 Meets required performance, reliability, and security standards for data transmission.
 The data transmission layout diagram provides a robust and efficient communication
system, contributing to the safety and efficiency of railway operations. By
implementing regular maintenance, monitoring, and future improvements, the system
will continue to meet the evolving communication needs of the railway network.

REFERENCES

Online based

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institution_of_Railway_Signal_Engineers

 https://www.networkrail.co.uk/campaigns/signalling-opportunities/

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 https://www.planitplus.net/JobProfiles/View/749/126

 https://www.railskillshub.gov.au/careers-in-rail/training-pathways/rail-signalling-technician

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prasarana_Malaysia

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