11 ME3201 Failures Static Loading Part1 v1

Learning Outcomes
Review Failures Resulting from Static Loading

Introduction
Part 1: Introduction & Failure Theories for Ductile Materials
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
2. Distortion-Energy Professor Dr. Mazharul Islam

Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering
Theory Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Comparisons
Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Home Work (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)
Post-Assessment
Summary
2 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
5 1. Maximum Shear Stress Theory
6 2. Distortion-Energy Theory
7 3. Ductile Coulomb-Mohr Theory
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
Learning Outcomes for the Class Session
After duly participating in this class session and studying the related
Learning Outcomes
contents on the accompanying online course site, the students will be
Review
expected to
Introduction explain the main theories related to the failure of ductile materials
Failure Theories resulting from static loading conditions;
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory apply the Maximum Shear Stress Theory for designing different
2. Distortion-Energy
Theory
mechanical components;
3. Ductile apply the Distortion Energy Theory to design different mechanical
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory components; and
Comparisons apply the Coulomb-Mohr Theory for designing different mechanical
Home Work
components.
Post-Assessment
Summary
3 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
IMPORTANT
Pre-Requisite
Learning Outcomes "Material Strength and Stiffness" [1, Section 2-1]
Review
Introduction
"STRESS, STRAIN, AND DEFLECTION" [2,
Failure Theories Chapter 4]
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory "Cartesian Stress Components" [1, Section 3-5]
Theory
"Mohr’s Circle for Plane Stress" [1, Section 3-6]
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory "General Three-Dimensional Stress" [1, Section
Comparisons
3-7]
Home Work
Post-Assessment "Elastic Strain" [1, Section 3-8]

Summary
5 / 43
Bibliography
Types of Load
STATIC
Learning Outcomes "a stationary force or couple applied to a member "
Review
Introduction
[1]
Failure Theories
"the load cannot change in any manner "
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
Theory
DYNAMIC
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Two type:
Theory
1. Cyclic Load
Comparisons
Home Work
2. Impact Load
Post-Assessment
Summary
6 / 43
Bibliography
Concept of Failure [1]
"a part has separated into two or more pieces"

Learning Outcomes
Review
"has become permanently distorted, thus ruining its
Introduction geometry "
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
"has had its reliability downgraded; or "
Stress Theory
"has had its function compromised"
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory Please study Figures 5-1 to 5-5 in the textbook [1, pp.
Comparisons
242-244]
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
7 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
IMPORTANT QUESTION
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories
"what is important: a critical stress,
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory a critical strain, a critical energy?"
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
[1, p. 247]
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
8 / 43
Bibliography
Structural Material Behavior [1, p. 247]
DUCTILE
Learning Outcomes Fracture Point Strain: "ϵf ≥ 0.05"
Review
"identifiable yield strength that is often the same in
Introduction
Failure Theories
compression as in tension (Syt = Syc = Sy ) "
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
BRITTLE
Theory Fracture Point Strain: "ϵf < 0.05"
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr "do not exhibit an identifiable yield strength, and are
Theory
Comparisons
typically classified by ultimate tensile and compressive
Home Work
strengths, Sut and Suc , respectively "
Post-Assessment
Summary
9 / 43
Bibliography
Failure Theories [1, p. 247]
Ductile Materials "(yield criteria)"

Learning Outcomes
"Maximum shear stress (MSS)"
Review
Introduction "Distortion energy (DE)"

Failure Theories "Ductile Coulomb-Mohr (DCM)"
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
Theory
Brittle Materials "(fracture criteria)"
3. Ductile "Maximum normal stress (MNS)"
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
"Brittle Coulomb-Mohr (DCM)"
Comparisons
Home Work
"Modified Mohr (MM)"
Post-Assessment
Summary
10 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
The Maximum Shear Stress (MSS) Theory / Tresca /
Guest [1, p. 247-249]
Learning Outcomes
Review
"yielding begins whenever the maximum
Introduction
Failure Theories
shear stress in any element equals or
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory exceeds the maximum shear stress in a
Theory
3. Ductile
tension-test specimen of the same material
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
when that specimen begins to yield "
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
11 / 43
Bibliography
Maximum Shear Stress (MSS) Theory / Tresca / Guest
[1, p. 247-249]
"an accepted but conservative predictor of failure"

Learning Outcomes
"quite often used"
Review
σ1 − σ2 Sy
Introduction τmax = ≥
Failure Theories 2 2
1. Maximum Shear or
Stress Theory
Theory Sy
σ1 − σ2 ≥ (eq. (5-1) [1])
3. Ductile 2
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory "implies that the yield strength in shear is given by "
Comparisons
Home Work
Ssy = 0.5Sy (eq. (5-2) [1])
Post-Assessment
Summary
12 / 43
Bibliography
The Maximum Shear Stress (MSS) Theory: The Design
Equation [1, p. 247-249]
Learning Outcomes Sy
Review
τmax = (eq. (5-3) [1])
Introduction
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
2n
Stress Theory
or,
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory Sy
Comparisons
σ1 − σ2 = (eq. (5-3) [1])
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
n
13 / 43
Bibliography
3 Cases of Maximum Shear Stress (MSS) Theory [1, p.
247-249]
Case 1: σA ≥ σB ≥ 0. "For this case, σ1 = σA and σ3 = 0"
Learning Outcomes σA ≥ Sy (eq. (5-4) [1])

Review
Case 2: σA ≥ 0 ≥ σB . "Here, σ1 = σA and σ3 = σB "
Introduction
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
σA − σB ≥ Sy (eq. (5-5) [1])
Stress Theory
Case 3: 0 ≥ σA ≥ σB . "For this case, σ1 = 0 and σ3 = σB "
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
σB ≤ −Sy (eq. (5-6) [1])
Theory
Comparisons
Please refer to Figures 5-7 in the textbook [1, p. 249] for more
Home Work
Post-Assessment
information
Summary
14 / 43
Bibliography
MSS Yield Envelop or Failure Locus
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
Please refer to Figure 5-7 in the Textbook [1, p. 249]
Stress Theory
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
15 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
The Distortion-Energy Theory for Ductile Material
Learning Outcomes "most widely used theory for ductile material" [1]
Review
Introduction
"recommended for design problems unless otherwise
Failure Theories specified" [1]
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory Other names of this theory [1, p. 251]
Theory ✓ The von Mises or von Mises-Hencky theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
✓ The Shear-Energy theory
Comparisons ✓ The Octahedral-Shear Stress theory
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
16 / 43
Bibliography
Distortion-Energy Theory for Ductile Material
Learning Outcomes "yielding occurs when the distortion

Review
Introduction strain energy per unit volume reaches

Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
or exceeds the distortion strain energy
Theory
per unit volume for yield in simple
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
tension or compression of the same
Comparisons
Home Work
material " [1]
Post-Assessment
Summary
17 / 43
Bibliography
Emphasis on Angular Distortion of the Stressed Element
It is postulated in this theory that:

Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories
"yielding was not a simple tensile or
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
compressive phenomenon at all, but,
Theory rather, that is was related somehow to the
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory angular distortion of the stressed
Comparisons
Home Work element" [1, p. 249]

Post-Assessment
Summary
18 / 43
Bibliography
Derivation of the DE Theory
"The strain energy per unit volume for simple tension" [1]:
Learning Outcomes
1
Review u = ϵσ ([1, p. 250])
Introduction
2
Failure Theories Normal Strains:
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
1
2. Distortion-Energy ϵx = [σx − ν(σy + σz )]
Theory E
3. Ductile 1
Coulomb-Mohr ϵy = [σy − ν(σx + σz )] (eq. (3-19) [1, p. 110])
Theory E
Comparisons 1
ϵz = [σz − ν(σx + σy )]
Home Work E
Post-Assessment
Summary
19 / 43
Bibliography
Total Strain Energy (u)
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction "For the element of Figure 5-8a the strain energy per unit volume is" [1]:
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear 1
Stress Theory u = [ϵ1 σ1 + ϵ2 σ2 + ϵ3 σ3 ] ([1, p. 250])
2
Theory
"Substituting Equation (3-19) for the principal strains gives" [1]:
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons 1 2
u= [σ + σ22 + σ32 − 2ν(σ1 σ2 + σ2 σ3 + σ3 σ1 )] (eq. (b) [1, p. 250])
Home Work 2E 1
Post-Assessment
Summary
20 / 43
Bibliography
The Strain Energy for the Hydrostatic Component (uv )
Hydrostatic Normal Stress is due to σav :
σ1 + σ2 + σ3
Learning Outcomes σav = (eq. (a) [1, p. 249])
Review
3
Introduction "substituting σav for σ1 , σ2 , and σ3 in Equation (b)" [1]:
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear 2
3σav
Stress Theory
uv = (1 − 2ν) (eq. (c) [1, p. 250])
2. Distortion-Energy 2E
Theory
3. Ductile
"substituting the square of Equation (a) in Equation (c) and simplify the
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
expression, we get" [1]:
Comparisons
1 − 2ν 2
Home Work uv = (σ1 + σ22 + σ32 − 2σ1 σ2 + 2σ2 σ3 + 2σ3 σ1 )
Post-Assessment 6E
Summary
(eq. (5-7) [1, p. 250])
21 / 43
Bibliography
The Strain Energy for the Distortional Component (uv )
"the distortional energy is obtained by subtracting Equation (5-7) from

Equation (b)" [1, p. 250]:
Learning Outcomes
Review
" #
Introduction 1 + ν (σ1 − σ2 )2 + (σ2 − σ3 )2 + (σ3 − σ1 )2
Failure Theories
ud = u − uv =
3E 2
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory (eq. (5-8) [1, p. 250])
Theory "the distortional energy is zero if σ1 = σ2 = σ3 " [1, p. 250]
3. Ductile "For the simple tensile test, at yield, σ1 = Sy and σ2 = σ3 = 0 and from
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory Equation (5-8) the distortion energy is" [1, p. 250]
Comparisons
Home Work 1+ν 2

ud = u − uv = S (eq. (5-9) [1, p. 250])
Post-Assessment 3E y
Summary
22 / 43
Bibliography
Yield Criteria and the Von Mises Stress (σ ′ )
" #1/2
Learning Outcomes (σ1 − σ2 )2 + (σ2 − σ3 )2 + (σ3 − σ1 )2
Review
≥ Sy (eq. (5-10) [1, p. 250])
2
Introduction
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
"If we had a simple case of tension σ, then yield would occur when
Stress Theory σ ≥ Sy " [1, p. 250]
Theory "Thus, the left of Equation (5-10) can be thought of as a single,
3. Ductile equivalent, or effective stress for the entire general state of stress given
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory by σ1 , σ2 , and σ3 " [1, p. 250]
Comparisons
Home Work
"This effective stress is usually called the von
Post-Assessment Mises stress, σ ′ " [1, p. 250]
Summary
23 / 43
Bibliography
Yield Criteria and the Von Mises Stress (σ ′ )
Learning Outcomes "Equation (5-10), for yield, can be written as" [1, p. 250]
Review
Introduction σ ′ ≥ Sy (eq. (5-10) [1, p. 250])

Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
where the von Mises stress is defined as:
Stress Theory
2. Distortion-Energy " #1/2

Theory
′ (σ1 − σ2 )2 + (σ2 − σ3 )2 + (σ3 − σ1 )2
σ =
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
2
Theory
(eq. (5-12) [1, p. 250])
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
24 / 43
Bibliography
σ ′ for Plane Stress (σA and σB )
"the von Mises stress can be represented by the principal stresses σA ,

σB , and zero. Then from Equation (5-12), we get" [1, p. 250]
Learning Outcomes
Review
σ ′ = (σA2 − σA σB + σB2 )1/2 (eq. (5-13) [1, p. 251])
Introduction
"Equation (5-13) is a rotated ellipse in the σA , σB plane, as shown in
Failure Theories
Figure 5-9 with σ ′ = Sy "
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory "Using xyz components of three-dimensional stress"
1 h i1/2
Theory
σ ′ = √ (σx − σy )2 + (σy − σz )2 + (σz − σx )2 + 6(τxy
2 2
+ τyz 2
+ τzx )
3. Ductile 2
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory (eq. (5-14) [1, p. 251])
Comparisons The above equation for a 2D case is:
Home Work
Post-Assessment σ ′ = (σx2 − σx σy + σy2 + 3τxy

2 1/2
) (eq. (5-15) [1, p. 251])
Summary
25 / 43
Bibliography
von Mises Yield Envelop or Failure Locus
Learning Outcomes
Review
σ ′ = (σA2 − σA σB + σB2 )1/2 (eq. (5-13) [1, p. 251])
Introduction
Failure Theories "Equation (5-13) is a rotated ellipse in the σA , σB plane, as shown in Figure
1. Maximum Shear 5-9 with σ ′ = Sy "
Stress Theory
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
26 / 43
Bibliography
Comparison between MSS (Tresca) and DE (von Mises)
Theories
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories for a graphical comparison between the Maximum
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory Shear Stress (MSS) and the Distortion Energy (DE)
Theory
Theories. It is evident from this figure that MSS
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
is more conservative.
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
27 / 43
Bibliography
The Shear Yield Strength as per The Distortion Energy
Theory [1, p. 252]
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories
Ssy = 0.577Sy (eq. (5-21) [1, p. 252])
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
What is Ssy for the Tresca (MSS) Criteria?
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
28 / 43
Bibliography
The Distortion Energy Theory: The Design Equation
S
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
′ y
σ =
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
Theory
n
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary (eq. (5-19) [1, p. 252])

29 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
The Ductile Coulomb-Mohr (CM) Theory for Ductile
Materials [1, pp. 255-258]
"Not all materials have compressive

Learning Outcomes
Review strengths equal to their corresponding

Introduction
Failure Theories tensile values" [1, p. 255]

1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
The CM theory is used for this type of
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
situations
Theory
Comparisons It is a variation of Mohr’s theory

Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
Also known as Internal-Friction Theory
30 / 43
Bibliography
The Original Mohr Theory of Failure
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories
"based on three "simple" tests: tension, compression,
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
and shear, to yielding if the material can yield or to
2. Distortion-Energy rupture" [1, p. 255]
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
"use the results of tensile, compressive, and torsional
Theory
shear tests to construct the three circles of Figure 5-12
Comparisons
Home Work
defining a failure envelop tangent to the three circles,
Post-Assessment depicted as curve ABCDE in the figure" [1, p. 256]
Summary
31 / 43
Bibliography
The Coulomb-Mohr (CM) Theory for Ductile Materials
[1, pp. 255-258]
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories
"A variation of Mohr’s Theory " [1, p. 256]
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
"assumes that the boundary BCD in Figure 5-12 is
Theory
straight" [1, p. 256 ]
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Can be expressed with the following equation [1, p. 256]:
Theory
Comparisons
σ1 σ3
Home Work − =1 (eq. (5-22) [1, p. 257])
Post-Assessment St Sc
Summary
32 / 43
Bibliography
CM Theory for Plane Stress [1, p. 257]
σ1 σ3
− =1 (eq. (5-22) [1, p. 257])
St Sc
Learning Outcomes
Review
Case 1: σA ≥ σB ≥ 0. "For this case, σ1 = σA and σ3 = 0"
Introduction
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
σA ≥ St (eq. (5-23) [1])
Stress Theory
Case 2: σA ≥ 0 ≥ σB . "Here, σ1 = σA and σ3 = σB "
Theory
σA σB
3. Ductile − ≥1 (eq. (5-24) [1])
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
St Sc
Comparisons Case 3: 0 ≥ σA ≥ σB . "For this case, σ1 = 0 and σ3 = σB "
Home Work
Post-Assessment
σB ≤ −Sc (eq. (5-25) [1])
Summary
33 / 43
Bibliography
The Shear Yield Strength as per The Coulomb-Mohr
(CM) Theory [1, p. 252]
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories Syt Syc

1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
Sxy = (eq. (5-27) [1, p. 257])
Theory
Syt + Syc
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
34 / 43
Bibliography
The Coulomb-Mohr (CM) Theory: The Design Equation
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
σ1 σ3 1
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory − =
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
St Sc n
Comparisons
(eq. (5-26) [1, p. 257])
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
35 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
Comparisons of the Failure Theories for the Ductile
Materials [1, pp. 258-259]
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories
"either the maximum-shear-stress theory or the
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
distortion-energy theory is acceptable for design and
2. Distortion-Energy analysis of materials that would fail in ductile manner "
Theory
3. Ductile
[1, p. 258]
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
"the plot of the distortion-energy theory passes closer to
Comparisons
Home Work
the central area of the data points, and thus is generally
Post-Assessment a better predictor of failure" [1, p. 259]
Summary
36 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
Useful Videos
"RL Norton Machine Design 05 Ductile Failure Theory" -

https://youtu.be/RKOqVO1B19I?list=PLjI7n73QrhzQ7ws6_
Learning Outcomes
Review
2dEZJL61dBErpWDB
Introduction "MSS Static Failure Criterion (Maximum Shearing Stress AKA
Failure Theories Tresca or Guest)" - https://youtu.be/KDMc_s45zWk?list=
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
PL1IHA35xY5H5AJpRrM2lkF7Qu2WnbQLvS
2. Distortion-Energy "Distortion Energy Static Failure Criterion; Von Mises Stress" -
Theory
https://youtu.be/C_OBIN7oj_4?list=
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr PL1IHA35xY5H5AJpRrM2lkF7Qu2WnbQLvS
Theory
Comparisons
"Ductile Coulomb Mohr Criterion: Different Yielding Strengths
Home Work in Compression vs. Tension" - https://youtu.be/OQ8QctOM7nQ?
Post-Assessment list=PL1IHA35xY5H5AJpRrM2lkF7Qu2WnbQLvS
Summary
37 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
Lessons Learned in Today’s Class Session
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
What are the key lessons you have
Stress Theory
Theory
learned today?
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
38 / 43
Bibliography
1 Learning Outcomes
2 Review
3 Introduction
4 Failure Theories
8 Comparisons
9 Home Work
10 Post-Assessment
11 Summary
Failure Theories [1, p. 247]
Ductile Materials "(yield criteria)"

Learning Outcomes
Review
"Maximum shear stress (MSS)"
Introduction
Failure Theories
==> Conservative
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory "Distortion energy (DE)"
Theory
3. Ductile
==> Most widely used
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
"Ductile Coulomb-Mohr (DCM)"
Home Work
Post-Assessment
==> Used for uneven materials
Summary
39 / 43
Bibliography
The Maximum Shear Stress (MSS) Theory: The Design
Equation [1, p. 247-249]
Learning Outcomes Sy
Review
Introduction
τmax = (eq. (5-3) [1])
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
2n
Stress Theory
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr Sy
Theory
Comparisons σ1 − σ2 = (eq. (5-3) [1])

Home Work
Post-Assessment
n
Summary
40 / 43
Bibliography
The Distortion Energy Theory: The Design Equation
S
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
′ y
σ =
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory
Theory
n
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary (eq. (5-19) [1, p. 252])

41 / 43
Bibliography
The Coulomb-Mohr (CM) Theory: The Design Equation
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction
σ1 σ3 1
Failure Theories
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory − =
Theory
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
St Sc n
Comparisons
(eq. (5-26) [1, p. 257])
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
42 / 43
Bibliography
References
I
Learning Outcomes
Review
Introduction [1] R. G. Budynas and J. K. Nisbett, Shigley’s MECHANICAL

Failure Theories
ENGINEERING DESIGN. McGraw-Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
1. Maximum Shear
Stress Theory eleventh e ed., 2021.
Theory
[2] R. L. Norton, Machine Design. Pearson India Education, fifth ed., 2022.
3. Ductile
Coulomb-Mohr
Theory
Comparisons
Home Work
Post-Assessment
Summary
43 / 43
Bibliography

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Learning Outcomes

Review Failures Resulting from Static Loading

2. Distortion-Energy Professor Dr. Mazharul Islam

Post-Assessment "Elastic Strain" [1, Section 3-8]

"a part has separated into two or more pieces"

Ductile Materials "(yield criteria)"

Introduction "Distortion energy (DE)"

"an accepted but conservative predictor of failure"

Learning Outcomes σA ≥ Sy (eq. (5-4) [1])

Learning Outcomes "yielding occurs when the distortion

Introduction strain energy per unit volume reaches

It is postulated in this theory that:

Home Work element" [1, p. 249]

Hydrostatic Normal Stress is due to σav :

"the distortional energy is obtained by subtracting Equation (5-7) from

Home Work 1+ν 2

Introduction σ ′ ≥ Sy (eq. (5-10) [1, p. 250])

2. Distortion-Energy " #1/2

"the von Mises stress can be represented by the principal stresses σA ,

Post-Assessment σ ′ = (σx2 − σx σy + σy2 + 3τxy

Summary (eq. (5-19) [1, p. 252])

"Not all materials have compressive

Review strengths equal to their corresponding

Failure Theories tensile values" [1, p. 255]

Comparisons It is a variation of Mohr’s theory

Failure Theories Syt Syc

"RL Norton Machine Design 05 Ductile Failure Theory" -

Ductile Materials "(yield criteria)"

Comparisons σ1 − σ2 = (eq. (5-3) [1])

Summary (eq. (5-19) [1, p. 252])

Introduction [1] R. G. Budynas and J. K. Nisbett, Shigley’s MECHANICAL

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