CREATION OF WORMHOLES Final year project

DURING THE COSMOLOGICAL

BOUNCE Members
Sayyaf Nadir
This project is a review of the following research paper Abdullah Saleem
Pavlovic, P., Sossich, M. "Creation of wormholes during
the cosmological bounce", The European Physical Journal Supervisor
C, 83, 235 (2023). Dr Noraiz Tahir

Abstract:

Our goal is to replicate the findings of a study that reveals the natural creation of wormholes during
a cosmological bounce, without the need for exotic matter or extra modifications. This discovery is
general, regardless of the gravity modifications used to initiate the bounce.

Introduction
There exists a technical connection between cosmological bounce and another class of hypothetical
gravitational solutions: wormholes. Both types of solutions extend beyond standard general
relativity. While they are possible classically, they violate the Weak Energy Condition (WEC).
Extended theories of gravity offer various wormhole solutions that do not necessitate this violation.
We add a specific term to the Hilbert action, facilitating the occurrence of the big bounce, and show
that wormholes solutions are allowed in a general bouncing cosmology without the violation of the
WEC. However, at a specific cosmological moment determined by the parameters of the bouncing
cosmological model, the WEC governing the necessary matter spontaneously violates itself. As a
result, numerous such wormholes could potentially exist for a limited time around the cosmological
bounce, drastically altering spacetime’s causal structure before vanishing!

(Metric)

(WEC)

Conclusion:
The existence of wormholes around the bounce can help to solve the horizon problem, relaxing the necessary
duration of the bouncing phase in order to obtain the causal picture implied by the CMB. We have also
demonstrated that such wormholes spontaneously start to violate WEC after a certain time, which strongly depends
on the rate of acceleration of the cosmological scale factor during the bounce. This can mean that after such critical
time wormholes can no longer be supported in the Universe and vanish. This opens an interesting problem of detailed
physical description of “death of a dynamic wormhole”, which is left for future work. Solving this problem could
also be helpful for our better understanding of how to construct wormholes artificially (which is just the inverse of
the mentioned problem in time)