Jee 2023

Atomic Structure
Shilpi Kaushik
NIT Jalandhar
Next Chemistry Session Details

Chapter Name Equilibrium

Date 9 Dec

Time 12:00 PM
t.me/vedantumath1
 New JEE 2024

Chemical Fundamentals of thermodynamics: System and surroundings,

Thermodyn extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of
amics processes.
First law of thermodynamics - Concept of work, heat internal
energy and enthalpy, heat capacity, molar heat capacity; Hess's
law of constant heat summation; Enthalpies of bond dissociation,
combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase
transition, hydration, ionization and solution.
Second law of thermodynamics: Spontaneity of processes; AS of
the universe and AG of the system as criteria for spontaneity,
AG" (Standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium constant.
Atomic
Mole Concept
Structure|
| Class
Class11th
11thJEE
JEE New Syllabus

Weightage of Thermodynamics in JEE Main (Last 5 yrs)

Year 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Average

% 4.3% 3.5% 3.5% 3.8% 4.8% 4%

 Most Important Topics

1. Heat Capacity
2. Calculation of work (in diff processes)
3. Entropy
Let’s see the Mind Map
First Law of thermodynamics

The equation for the first law of thermodynamics

is given as;

ΔU = q + W
Where,
👉 ΔU = change in internal energy of the system.
👉 q = algebraic sum of heat transfer between system
and surroundings.
👉 W = work interaction of the system with
its surroundings.
 Work done on the Heat absorbed
system +q
+W

System
Work done by the
system Heat released

-q
-W
 Types of Process
Isothermal ΔT = 0, ΔU = 0, q=
-W
Isobaric ΔP = 0

Isochoric ΔV = 0, W = 0, ΔU =q

Adiabatic q = 0, ΔU =W
 ENTHALPY (H)

It is defined as the sum of the energy stored in the system and

the energy used in doing work

Mathematically,
H = U + PV
Molar Heat Capacity (Cm)

It is the amount of heat required to

raise the temperature of 1 mole
substance by 1°C

q = n Cm ΔT

Units : J/mol-K or J/mol-°C

👉 It is an Intensive property
👉 It is a Path function
Important result

Cp - CV =
R
Work for different processes
Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Volume (Cv)

qv = ΔU = nCv ΔT

Molar Heat Capacity at Constant Volume (Cp)

qp = ΔH = nCp ΔT
Relation between Cp and Cv for Ideal gas

Cp - Cv =R
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

● The entropy of an isolated

system/Universe tends to increase
OR In a spontaneous process the
entropy of the Universe increases.

𝚫S = qrev /T
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

For a spontaneous change

𝚫S = 𝚫S + 𝚫S >0
total system surrounding
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

In a reversible process the entropy of the Universe

remains constant
i.e. 𝚫STotal = 0
 Entropy change for an ideal gas in a thermodynamic process

General expression

Isothermal process

Isobaric process

Isochoric process
Gibbs Free energy

At a constant temperature:

𝚫Gsys = 𝚫H – T𝚫Ssys
Gibbs Free energy
Gibbs Free energy

𝚫H < 0 𝚫H > 0

Spontaneous
𝚫S > 0 Spontaneous At high
temperature

Spontaneous
Non-
𝚫S < 0 At low
Spontaneous
temperature
 Hess’s Law
The overall enthalpy of a chemical
process is independent of the path taken

ΔH = ΔH1 + ΔH2 + ΔH3

Let’s understand Types of Problems an
their Variations
Type 1 Work, 1st Law, Heat Capacity

Q. When 2 litre of ideal gas expands isothermally into

vacuum to a total volume of 6 litre, the change in internal
energy is ____________ J. (Nearest integer)

Q. At 250C, 50 g of iron reacts with HCl to form FeCl2. The

evolved hydrogen gas expands against a constant pressure
of 1 bar. The work done by the gas during this expansion is
_________ J. (Round off to the Nearest Integer)
Type 2 Entropy, Gibbs Free Energy

Q For a given chemical reaction A → B at 300 K the free

energy change is −49.4 kJ mol−1 and the enthalpy of
reaction is 51.4 kJ mol−1. The entropy change of the
reaction is _____________ JK−1 mol−1.

Q Consider the graph of Gibbs free energy G vs Extent of

reaction. The number of statement/s from the following
which are true with respect to points (a), (b) and (c) is
_________
Type 3 Thermochemistry
Type 4 Other
Type 1

Type 2

Type 3

Type 4
1
1
 [JEE Main-2020]

5 moles of an ideal gas at 1 bar and 298 K is expanded into

vacuum to double the volume. The work done is____
 [JEE Main-2020]

The magnitude of work done by a gas that undergoes a reversible

expansion along the path ABC shown in the figure is _______.
The standard heat of formation of ethane (in
kj/mol), if the heat of combustion of ethane,
hydrogen and graphite are - 1560, -393.5 and -286
KJ/mol, respectively is :
The heat of combustion of ethanol into carbon dioxide and
water is -327 kCal at constant pressure. The heat evolved in cal
at constant Volume at 270C is? (if all gasses behave ideally)
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Homework Problems for Practice
Chemical Bonding

Next we will cover Electrochemistry

1
At 250C, 50 g of iron reacts with HCl to form FeCl2. The evolved
hydrogen gas expands against a constant pressure of 1 bar. The
work done by the gas during this expansion is _________ J. (Round
off to the Nearest Integer). [Given : R = 8.314 J mol−1 K−1. Assume,
hydrogen is an ideal gas] [Atomic mass of Fe is 55.85 u]
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t.me/vedantumath1
8th Jan 2020-(Shift 1)